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- Frisoni, G. B., et al.
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Strategic roadmap for an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease based on biomarkers
- 2017
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In: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 16:8, s. 661-676
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can be improved by the use of biological measures. Biomarkers of functional impairment, neuronal loss, and protein deposition that can be assessed by neuroimaging (ie, MRI and PET) or CSF analysis are increasingly being used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease in research studies and specialist clinical settings. However, the validation of the clinical usefulness of these biomarkers is incomplete, and that is hampering reimbursement for these tests by health insurance providers, their widespread clinical implementation, and improvements in quality of health care. We have developed a strategic five-phase roadmap to foster the clinical validation of biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease, adapted from the approach for cancer biomarkers. Sufficient evidence of analytical validity (phase 1 of a structured framework adapted from oncology) is available for all biomarkers, but their clinical validity (phases 2 and 3) and clinical utility (phases 4 and 5) are incomplete. To complete these phases, research priorities include the standardisation of the readout of these assays and thresholds for normality, the evaluation of their performance in detecting early disease, the development of diagnostic algorithms comprising combinations of biomarkers, and the development of clinical guidelines for the use of biomarkers in qualified memory clinics.
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- Lemoine, L, et al.
(author)
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Cortical laminar tau deposits and activated astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease visualised by 3H-THK5117 and 3H-deprenyl autoradiography
- 2017
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In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7, s. 45496-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hyperphosphorylated tau protein deposits and, inflammatory processes are characteristic components of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. We here aimed to visualize in vitro the distribution of tau deposits and activated astrocytes across the cortical layers in autopsy AD brain tissue using the radiotracers 3H-THK5117 and 3H-deprenyl. 3H-THK5117 and 3H-deprenyl autoradiographies were carried out on frozen brain sections from three AD patients and one healthy control. 3H-THK5117 showed a distinct laminar cortical binding similar to 3H-deprenyl autoradiography, with an extensive binding in the superficial and deep layers of the temporal neocortices, whereas the middle frontal gyrus showed an even binding throughout the layers. Globally, eventhough some differences could be observed, AT8 (tau) and GFAP (astrocyte) immunostaining showed a laminar pattern comparable to their corresponding radiotracers within each AD case. Some variability was observed between the AD cases reflecting differences in disease phenotype. The similar laminar cortical brain distribution of tau deposits and activated astrocytes supports the hypothesis of a close pathological interconnection. The difference in regional binding patterns of 3H-THK5117 and AT8 antibody staining suggest additional tau binding sites detectable by 3H-THK5117.
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- Leuzy, A., et al.
(author)
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Longitudinal tau and metabolic PET imaging in relation to novel CSF tau measures in Alzheimer's disease
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 46:5, s. 1152-1163
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose Studies comparing CSF and PET tau biomarkers have included only commercial CSF assays examining specific phosphorylation sites (e.g. threonine 181, P-tau(181p)) and mid-domain tau (i.e. total tau, T-tau). Moreover, these studies did not examine CSF tau levels in relation to cerebral glucose metabolism. We thus aimed to examine CSF tau measures, using both commercial and novel assays, in relation to [F-18]THK5317 (tau) and [F-18]FDG PET (glucose metabolism). Methods Fourteen Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (seven prodromal, seven dementia) underwent [F-18]THK5317 and [F-18]FDG PET studies, with follow-up performed in ten subjects (six prodromal, four dementia) after 17 months. In addition to commercial assays, novel measures capturing N-terminus+mid-domain (tau N-Mid) and C-terminally truncated (tau-368) fragments were included. Results While the levels of all forms of CSF tau were found to be inversely associated with baseline [F-18]FDG uptake, associations with baseline [F-18]THK5317 uptake varied in relation to the degree of isocortical hypometabolism ([F-18]FDG SUVR). Changes in the levels of the novel CSF markers tracked longitudinal changes in tracer uptake better than changes in P-tau(181p) and T-tau levels, and improved concordance with dichotomized regional [F-18]THK5317 measures. Conclusion Our findings suggest that neurodegeneration may modulate the relationship between CSF and PET tau biomarkers, and that, by comparison to P-tau(181p) and T-tau, tau-368 and tau N-Mid may better capturetau pathology and synaptic impairment.
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- Chiotis, K., et al.
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Longitudinal changes of tau PET imaging in relation to hypometabolism in prodromal and Alzheimer's disease dementia
- 2018
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In: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 23:7, s. 1666-1673
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of tau-specific positron emission tomography (PET) tracers allows imaging in vivo the regional load of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Eighteen patients with baseline investigations enroled in a 17-month follow-up study, including 16 with AD (10 had mild cognitive impairment and a positive amyloid PET scan, that is, prodromal AD, and six had AD dementia) and two with corticobasal syndrome. All patients underwent PET scans with [F-18]THK5317 (tau deposition) and [F-18]FDG (glucose metabolism) at baseline and follow-up, neuropsychological assessment at baseline and follow-up and a scan with [C-11]PIB (amyloid-beta deposition) at baseline only. At a group level, patients with AD (prodromal or dementia) showed unchanged [F-18]THK5317 retention over time, in contrast to significant decreases in [F-18]FDG uptake in temporoparietal areas. The pattern of changes in [F-18]THK5317 retention was heterogeneous across all patients, with qualitative differences both between the two AD groups (prodromal and dementia) and among individual patients. High [F-18]THK5317 retention was significantly associated over time with low episodic memory encoding scores, while low [F-18]FDG uptake was significantly associated over time with both low global cognition and episodic memory encoding scores. Both patients with corticobasal syndrome had a negative [C-11]PIB scan, high [F-18]THK5317 retention with a different regional distribution from that in AD, and a homogeneous pattern of increased [F-18]THK5317 retention in the basal ganglia over time. These findings highlight the heterogeneous propagation of tau pathology among patients with symptomatic AD, in contrast to the homogeneous changes seen in glucose metabolism, which better tracked clinical progression.
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- Pahlman, L, et al.
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Letter to the Editor.
- 2002
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In: Dis Colon Rectum. ; 45
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)
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