| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Björling, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Contrast - a lightweight Python framework for beamline orchestration and data acquisition
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 1600-5775. ; 28:4, s. 1253-1260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of fourth-generation synchrotrons is prompting the development of new systems for experimental control and data acquisition. However, as general control systems are designed to cover a wide set of instruments and techniques, they tend to become large and complicated, at the cost of experimental flexibility. Here we present Contrast, a simple Python framework for interacting with beamline components, orchestrating experiments and managing data acquisition. The system is presented and demonstrated via its application at the NanoMAX beamline of the MAX IV Laboratory.
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| 4. |
- Björling, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Ptychographic characterization of a coherent nanofocused X-ray beam
- 2020
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : OPTICAL SOC AMER. - 1094-4087. ; 28:4, s. 5069-5076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The NanoMAX hard X-ray nanoprobe is the first beamline to take full advantage of the diffraction-limited storage ring at the MAX IV synchrotron and delivers a high coherent photon flux for applications in diffraction and imaging. Here, we characterize its coherent and focused beam using ptychographic analysis. We derive beam profiles in the energy range 6-22 keV and estimate the coherent flux based on a probe mode decomposition approach.
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| 5. |
- Caforio, Alida L. P., et al.
(författare)
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Endomyocardial biopsy: safety and prognostic utility in paediatric and adult myocarditis in the European Society of Cardiology EURObservational Research Programme Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Long-Term Registry
- 2024
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims Contemporary multicentre data on clinical and diagnostic spectrum and outcome in myocarditis are limited. Study aims were to describe baseline features, 1-year follow-up, and baseline predictors of outcome in clinically suspected or biopsy-proven myocarditis (2013 European Society of Cardiology criteria) in adult and paediatric patients from the EURObservational Research Programme Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Long-Term Registry. Methods Five hundred eighty-one (68.0% male) patients, 493 adults, median age 38 (27-52) years, and 88 children, aged 8 (3-13) years, were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 233), clinically suspected myocarditis with abnormal cardiac magnetic resonance; Group 2 (n = 222), biopsy-proven myocarditis; and Group 3 (n = 126) clinically suspected myocarditis with normal or inconclusive or no cardiac magnetic resonance. Baseline features were analysed overall, in adults vs. children, and among groups. One-year outcome events included death/heart transplantation, ventricular assist device (VAD) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation, and hospitalization for cardiac causes. Results Endomyocardial biopsy, mainly right ventricular, had a similarly low complication rate in children and adults (4.7% vs. 4.9%, P = NS), with no procedure-related death. A classical myocarditis pattern on cardiac magnetic resonance was found in 31.3% of children and in 57.9% of adults with biopsy-proven myocarditis (P < .001). At 1-year follow-up, 11/410 patients (2.7%) died, 7 (1.7%) received a heart transplant, 3 underwent VAD (0.7%), and 16 (3.9%) underwent ICD implantation. Independent predictors at diagnosis of death or heart transplantation or hospitalization or VAD implantation or ICD implantation at 1-year follow-up were lower left ventricular ejection fraction and the need for immunosuppressants for new myocarditis diagnosis refractory to non-aetiology-driven therapy. Conclusions Endomyocardial biopsy was safe, and cardiac magnetic resonance using Lake Louise criteria was less sensitive, particularly in children. Virus-negative lymphocytic myocarditis was predominant both in children and adults, and use of immunosuppressive treatments was low. Lower left ventricular ejection fraction and the need for immunosuppressants at diagnosis were independent predictors of unfavourable outcome events at 1 year.
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| 6. |
- Carbone, Dina, et al.
(författare)
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Design and performance of a dedicated coherent X-ray scanning diffraction instrument at beamline NanoMAX of MAX IV
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 1600-5775. ; 29, s. 876-887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diffraction endstation of the NanoMAX beamline is designed to provide high-flux coherent X-ray nano-beams for experiments requiring many degrees of freedom for sample and detector. The endstation is equipped with high-efficiency Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror focusing optics and a two-circle goniometer supporting a positioning and scanning device, designed to carry a compact sample environment. A robot is used as a detector arm. The endstation, in continued development, has been in user operation since summer 2017.
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| 7. |
- Daurer, Benedikt J., et al.
(författare)
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Ptychographic wavefront characterization for single-particle imaging at x-ray lasers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Optica. - : Optical Society of America. - 2334-2536. ; 8:4, s. 551-562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A well-characterized wavefront is important for many x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) experiments, especially for single-particle imaging (SPI), where individual biomolecules randomly sample a nanometer region of highly focused femtosecond pulses. We demonstrate high-resolution multiple-plane wavefront imaging of an ensemble of XFEL pulses, focused by Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors, based on mixed-state ptychography, an approach letting us infer and reduce experimental sources of instability. From the recovered wavefront profiles, we show that while local photon fluence correction is crucial and possible for SPI, a small diversity of phase tilts likely has no impact. Our detailed characterization will aid interpretation of data from past and future SPI experiments and provides a basis for further improvements to experimental design and reconstruction algorithms.
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| 8. |
- Daurer, Benedikt J, et al.
(författare)
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Wavefront sensing of individual XFEL pulses using ptychography
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The characterization of the wavefront dynamics is important for many X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) experiments, in particular for coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), as the reconstructed image is always the product of the incoming wavefront with the object. An accurate understanding of the wavefront is also important for any experiment wishing to achieve peak power densities, making use of the tightest possible focal spots. With the use of ptychography we demonstrate high-resolution imaging of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) beam focused at the endstation for Atomic, Molecular and Optical (AMO) experiments, including its phase and intensity at every plane along its propagation axis, for each individual pulse. Using a mixed-state approach, we have reconstructed the most dominant beam components that constitute an ensemble of pulses, and from the reconstructed components determined their respective contribution in each of the individual pulses. This enabled us to obtain complete wavefront information about each individual pulse. We hope that our findings aid interpretation of data from past and future LCLS experiments and we propose this method to be used routinely for XFEL beam diagnostics.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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NanoMAX : the hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 0909-0495 .- 1600-5775. ; 28, s. 1935-1947
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NanoMAX is the first hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline at the MAX IV laboratory. It utilizes the unique properties of the world's first operational multi-bend achromat storage ring to provide an intense and coherent focused beam for experiments with several methods. In this paper we present the beamline optics design in detail, show the performance figures, and give an overview of the surrounding infrastructure and the operational diffraction endstation.
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| 10. |
- Kahnt, Maik, et al.
(författare)
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First ptychographic X-ray computed tomography experiment on the NanoMAX beamline
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Crystallography. - 0021-8898. ; 53, s. 1444-1451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ptychographic X-ray computed tomography is a quantitative three-dimensional imaging technique offered to users of multiple synchrotron radiation sources. Its dependence on the coherent fraction of the available X-ray beam makes it perfectly suited to diffraction-limited storage rings. Although MAX IV is the first, and so far only, operating fourth-generation synchrotron light source, none of its experimental stations is currently set up to offer this technique to its users. The first ptychographic X-ray computed tomography experiment has therefore been performed on the NanoMAX beamline. From the results, information was gained about the current limitations of the experimental setup and where attention should be focused for improvement. The extracted parameters in terms of scanning speed, size of the imaged volume and achieved resolutions should provide a baseline for future users designing nano-Tomography experiments on the NanoMAX beamline.
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| 11. |
- Kato, Norihiro, et al.
(författare)
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association study identifies 12 genetic loci influencing blood pressure and implicates a role for DNA methylation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 47:11, s. 1282-1293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We carried out a trans-ancestry genome-wide association and replication study of blood pressure phenotypes among up to 320,251 individuals of East Asian, European and South Asian ancestry. We find genetic variants at 12 new loci to be associated with blood pressure (P = 3.9 × 10−11 to 5.0 × 10−21). The sentinel blood pressure SNPs are enriched for association with DNA methylation at multiple nearby CpG sites, suggesting that, at some of the loci identified, DNA methylation may lie on the regulatory pathway linking sequence variation to blood pressure. The sentinel SNPs at the 12 new loci point to genes involved in vascular smooth muscle (IGFBP3, KCNK3, PDE3A and PRDM6) and renal (ARHGAP24, OSR1, SLC22A7 and TBX2) function. The new and known genetic variants predict increased left ventricular mass, circulating levels of NT-proBNP, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (P = 0.04 to 8.6 × 10−6). Our results provide new evidence for the role of DNA methylation in blood pressure regulation.
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| 12. |
- Kourousias, George, et al.
(författare)
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Compressive Sensing for Dynamic XRF Scanning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) scanning is a widespread technique of high importance and impact since it provides chemical composition maps crucial for several scientific investigations. There are continuous requirements for larger, faster and highly resolved acquisitions in order to study complex structures. Among the scientific applications that benefit from it, some of them, such as wide scale brain imaging, are prohibitively difficult due to time constraints. However, typically the overall XRF imaging performance is improving through technological progress on XRF detectors and X-ray sources. This paper suggests an additional approach where XRF scanning is performed in a sparse way by skipping specific points or by varying dynamically acquisition time or other scan settings in a conditional manner. This paves the way for Compressive Sensing in XRF scans where data are acquired in a reduced manner allowing for challenging experiments, currently not feasible with the traditional scanning strategies. A series of different compressive sensing strategies for dynamic scans are presented here. A proof of principle experiment was performed at the TwinMic beamline of Elettra synchrotron. The outcome demonstrates the potential of Compressive Sensing for dynamic scans, suggesting its use in challenging scientific experiments while proposing a technical solution for beamline acquisition software.
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| 13. |
- Marçal, Lucas A.B., et al.
(författare)
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Inducing ferroelastic domains in single-crystal CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowires using atomic force microscopy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review Materials. - 2475-9953. ; 5:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferroelectric and ferroelastic domains have been predicted to enhance metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cell performance. While the formation of such domains can be modified by temperature, pressure, or strain, established methods lack spatial control at the level of single domains. Here, we induce the formation of ferroelastic domains in CsPbBr3 nanowires at room temperature using an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and visualize the domains using nanofocused x-ray diffraction with a 60 nm beam. Regions scanned with a low AFM tip force show orthorhombic 004 reflections along the nanowire axis, while regions exposed to higher forces exhibit 220 reflections. The applied stress locally changes the crystal structure, leading to lattice tilts that define ferroelastic domains, which spread spatially and terminate at {112}-type domain walls. The ability to induce individual ferroelastic domains within MHPs using AFM gives new possibilities for device design and fundamental experimental studies.
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| 14. |
- Rissler, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Zinc speciation in fly ash from MSWI using XAS - novel insights and implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical forms of zinc in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) crucially affect ash management, influencing both material recovery options and the risk of unwanted leaching into ecosystems. The zinc speciation was investigated in fly ash samples sourced from full-scale MSWI plants, including four grate fired boilers (GB) and one fluidized bed boiler (FB). We applied X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), and the spectra were analyzed against a unique library of over 30 relevant compounds, tailored to the nuances of zinc chemistry of fly ash. Nano-XANES and sequential leaching were employed as complementary analytical methods. Multiple chemical forms of zinc were found in the ash, whereof potassium zinc chloride salts (K2ZnCl4) emerged as the predominant form in GB fly ash representing 41–64 % of the zinc content, while less for FB fly ash (19 %). The mere exposure to humidity in the air during storage resulted in hydroxylation of the alkali zinc chlorides into Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O. Other forms of zinc in the ash were Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O, ZnFe2O4, ZnAl2O4, surface adsorbed zinc, and Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6. Notably, the proportion of zinc in spinel forms (ZnFe2O4 and ZnAl2O4) increased threefold in FB ash compared to GB ash, representing ∼60 % and ∼10–20 % of the zinc, respectively.
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| 15. |
- Rissler, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Zinc speciation in fly ash from MSWI using XAS - novel insights and implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1873-3336 .- 0304-3894. ; 477
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical forms of zinc in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) crucially affect ash management, influencing both material recovery options and the risk of unwanted leaching into ecosystems. The zinc speciation was investigated in fly ash samples sourced from full-scale MSWI plants, including four grate fired boilers (GB) and one fluidized bed boiler (FB). We applied X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), and the spectra were analyzed against a unique library of over 30 relevant compounds, tailored to the nuances of zinc chemistry of fly ash. Nano-XANES and sequential leaching were employed as complementary analytical methods. Multiple chemical forms of zinc were found in the ash, whereof potassium zinc chloride salts (K2ZnCl4) emerged as the predominant form in GB fly ash representing 41–64 % of the zinc content, while less for FB fly ash (19 %). The mere exposure to humidity in the air during storage resulted in hydroxylation of the alkali zinc chlorides into Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O. Other forms of zinc in the ash were Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O, ZnFe2O4, ZnAl2O4, surface adsorbed zinc, and Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6. Notably, the proportion of zinc in spinel forms (ZnFe2O4 and ZnAl2O4) increased threefold in FB ash compared to GB ash, representing ∼60 % and ∼10–20 % of the zinc, respectively.
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| 16. |
- Sala, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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Dose-efficient multimodal microscopy of human tissue at a hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 1600-5775. ; 29:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray fluorescence microscopy performed at nanofocusing synchrotron beamlines produces quantitative elemental distribution maps at unprecedented resolution (down to a few tens of nanometres), at the expense of relatively long measuring times and high absorbed doses. In this work, a method was implemented in which fast low-dose in-line holography was used to produce quantitative electron density maps at the mesoscale prior to nanoscale X-ray fluorescence acquisition. These maps ensure more efficient fluorescence scans and the reduction of the total absorbed dose, often relevant for radiation-sensitive (e.g. biological) samples. This multimodal microscopy approach was demonstrated on human sural nerve tissue. The two imaging modes provide complementary information at a comparable resolution, ultimately limited by the focal spot size. The experimental setup presented allows the user to swap between them in a flexible and reproducible fashion, as well as to easily adapt the scanning parameters during an experiment to fine-tune resolution and field of view.
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| 17. |
- Sala, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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Pulse-to-pulse wavefront sensing at free-electron lasers using ptychography
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of applied crystallography. - : INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. - 0021-8898 .- 1600-5767. ; 53, s. 949-956
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pressing need for knowledge of the detailed wavefront properties of ultra-bright and ultra-short pulses produced by free-electron lasers has spurred the development of several complementary characterization approaches. Here a method based on ptychography is presented that can retrieve high-resolution complex-valued wavefunctions of individual pulses without strong constraints on the illumination or sample object used. The technique is demonstrated within experimental conditions suited for diffraction experiments and exploiting Kirkpatrick-Baez focusing optics. This lensless technique, applicable to many other short-pulse instruments, can achieve diffraction-limited resolution.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Vanham, Davy, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental footprint family to address local to planetary sustainability and deliver on the SDGs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : ELSEVIER. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 693
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of publications on environmental footprint indicators has been growing rapidly, but with limited efforts to integrate different footprints into a coherent framework. Such integration is important for comprehensive understanding of environmental issues, policy formulation and assessment of trade-offs between different environmental concerns. Here, we systematize published footprint studies and define a family of footprints that can be used for the assessment of environmental sustainability. We identify overlaps between different footprints and analyse how they relate to the nine planetary boundaries and visualize the crucial information they provide for local and planetary sustainability. In addition, we assess how the footprint family delivers on measuring progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), considering its ability to quantify environmental pressures along the supply chain and relating them to the water-energy-food-ecosystem (WEFE) nexus and ecosystem services. We argue that the footprint family is a flexible framework where particular members can be included or excluded according to the context or area of concern. Our paper is based upon a recent workshop bringing together global leading experts on existing environmental footprint indicators. Elsevier B.V.
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| 20. |
- Vollset, Stein Emil, et al.
(författare)
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The association of gastric cancer risk with plasma folate, cobalamin, and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
- 2007
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 16:11, s. 2416-2424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown inconsistent associations of folate intake and polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with gastric cancer risk. Our nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort is the first prospective study of blood folate levels and gastric cancer. Gastric cancer cases (n = 247) and controls (n = 631) were matched for study center, age, sex, and time of blood donation. Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene were determined, as were plasma concentrations of folate, cobalamin (vitamin B12), total homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid (cobalamin deficiency marker) in prediagnostic plasma. Risk measures were calculated with conditional logistic regression. Although no relations were observed between plasma folate or total homocysteine concentrations and gastric cancer, we observed a trend toward lower risk of gastric cancer with increasing cobalamin concentrations (odds ratio, 0.79 per SD increase in cobalamin; P = 0.01). Further analyses showed that the inverse association between cobalamin and gastric cancer was confined to cancer cases with low pepsinogen A levels (marker of severe chronic atrophic gastritis) at the time of blood sampling. The 677 C -> T MTHFR polymorphism was not associated with gastric cancer, but we observed an increased risk with the variant genotype of the 1298 A -> C polymorphism (odds ratio, 1.47 for CC versus AA; P = 0.04). In conclusion, we found no evidence of a role of folate in gastric cancer etiology. However, we observed increased gastric cancer risk at low cobalamin levels that was most likely due to compromised cobalamin status in atrophic gastritis preceding gastric cancer.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Zdora, Marie-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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At-wavelength optics characterisation via X-ray speckle- and grating-based unified modulated pattern analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : Optical Society of America. - 1094-4087. ; 26:4, s. 4989-5004
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current advances in new generation X-ray sources are calling for the development and improvement of high-performance optics. Techniques for high-sensitivity phase sensing and wavefront characterisation, preferably performed at-wavelength, are increasingly required for quality control, optimisation and development of such devices. We here show that the recently proposed unified modulated pattern analysis (UMPA) can be used for these purposes. We characterised two polymer X-ray refractive lenses and quantified the effect of beam damage and shape errors on their refractive properties. Measurements were performed with two different setups for UMPA and validated with conventional X-ray grating interferometry. Due to its adaptability to different setups, the ease of implementation and cost-effectiveness, we expect UMPA to find applications for high-throughput quantitative optics characterisation and wavefront sensing.
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| 23. |
- Zdora, Marie-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging and Metrology through Unified Modulated Pattern Analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 118:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a method for x-ray phase-contrast imaging and metrology applications based on the sample-induced modulation and subsequent computational demodulation of a random or periodic reference interference pattern. The proposed unified modulated pattern analysis (UMPA) technique is a versatile approach and allows tuning of signal sensitivity, spatial resolution, and scan time. We characterize the method and demonstrate its potential for high-sensitivity, quantitative phase imaging, and metrology to overcome the limitations of existing methods.
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| 24. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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