| 1. |
- Aspenberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Atypical femoral fractures, bisphosphonates, and mechanical stress
- 2014
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Ingår i: Current osteoporosis reports. - : Springer. - 1544-1873 .- 1544-2241. ; 12:2, s. 189-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atypical fractures are stress fractures occurring in the femoral shaft and closely related to bisphosphonate use. We here discuss their radiographic definition and different putative etiologies, apart from mechanical stress. Long time reduction of skeletal remodeling because of bisphosphonate use is thought to allow time for the bone to deteriorate mechanically, resulting in reduced toughness. However, the risk of atypical fracture diminishes rapidly after cessation of treatment, which suggests more acute effects of bisphosphonate use. Microdamage normally accumulates at areas of high stress. Possibly, ongoing bisphosphonate use reduces the ability to resorb and replace areas of microdamage by targeted remodeling. This could lead to crack propagation beyond a point of no return, ending in macroscopic stress fracture.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Aspenberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Stressfrakturer : hjulaxlar och idrottskarriärer brister
- 2014
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 111:36, s. 1436-1439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress fractures are caused by material fatigue. Microcracks appear normally in bone, and are dealt with by remodeling, specifically targeting areas of microdamage. Inhibition of targeted remodeling can allow microcracks to grow and form fractures. Intensive athletic training can lead to an increased microcrack formation rate, which exceeds what can be balanced by remodeling. Stress fractures often heal poorly, possibly because they are so thin: normal deformation of the bone during loading has been shown to lead to strains within thin cracks that are incompatible with cell survival. If the patient can't reduce loading sufficiently to allow healing, surgical stabilization will therefore be required. If the crack is transformed into a larger defect, e.g. by drilling a hole, strains will be reduced and healing facilitated by a simple procedure.
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| 4. |
- Bernhardsson, Magnus, 1989-
(författare)
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Healing Processes in Cancellous Bone
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most of what is known about the biological response during fracture healing comes from numerous animal studies with shaft fractures in the long bone. However, most patients suffer from fractures closer to the ends of the long bones, in the hip, or in the vertebrae. These types of fractures mainly involve cancellous bone, while shaft fractures concern cortical bone. Compared to cortical bone whose structure is dense and compact, cancellous bone is of spongy and porous structure. A growing number of studies point towards that cortical and cancellous bone heal differently. To even this imbalance in knowledge between these two types of bone tissue, further studies in cancellous bone are justified.In this thesis we delved into the quiet unknown processes behind cancellous bone healing.In the first study we characterized and compared two models for cancellous bone healing in mice and rats: the first model can be used to analyze the morphology and morphometry of the regenerating bone; the second model can measure the mechanical properties of cancellous bone. The two models correspond in their developing patterns during the first week before they diverge. This suggests that these models can be utilized together to evaluate the initial healing in cancellous bone. Furthermore, we saw in the drill hole model that the bone formation is strictly restricted to the traumatized region, with a distinct interface to the adjacent uninjured tissue.The second study characterized the cellular response during the initial healing phase in cancellous bone. The focus was to follow the spatial location of inflammatory and osteogenic cells over time in a cancellous bone injury. In contrast to shaft fractures (cortical bone), where healing is described as sequential events where inflammatory cells are the first to arrive to the trauma before osteogenic cells are recruited and initiate healing, we could see how inflammatory and osteogenic cells appeared early, simultaneously after a cancellous bone injury. This study showed that cancellous bone differs from how fracture healing is normally described.In the third study we explored the role of a subpopulation of lymphocytes (CD8 positive cells), earlier studied in shaft fractures. We wanted to see how their absence would affect the healing in a cancellous bone injury. Without CD8+ cells, cancellous bone healing was impaired as expressed via poorer mechanical properties of the regenerated bone tissue.The fourth and last study issued the influence of uninjured bone marrow on cortical bone healing. We developed a cortical defect model which blocked uninjured marrow from reaching the defect. Without the presence of marrow, the cortical defects ability to regenerate was significantly impaired. This implies that the marrow is important for cortical bone healing.In conclusion, cancellous bone healing is different from its cortical counterpart and the general perception of fracture healing. We have briefly discerned healing mechanisms in cancellous bone that might be of clinical importance: the restricted cancellous bone formation is something to take into consideration when performing arthrodeses; and importance of marrow in skeletal defects (e.g. pseudarthroses). With this thesis, we hope to promote that further investigating on cancellous bone healing is necessary.
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| 5. |
- Bernhardsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Marrow compartment contribution to cortical defect healing
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 89:1, s. 119-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose - Healing of shaft fractures is commonly described as regards external callus. We wanted to clarify the role of the bone marrow compartment in the healing of stable shaft fractures. Patients and methods - A longitudinal furrow was milled along the longitudinal axis of the femoral shaft in mice. The exposed bone marrow under the furrow was scooped out. The mice were then randomized to no further treatment, or to receiving 2 silicone plugs in the medullary canal distal and proximal to the defect. The plugs isolated the remaining marrow from contact with the defect. Results were studied with histology and flow cytometry. Results - Without silicone plugs, the marrow defect was filled with new bone marrow-like tissue by day 5, and new bone was seen already on day 10. The new bone was seen only at the level of the cortical injury, where it seemed to form simultaneously in the entire region of the removed cortex. The new bone seemed not to invade the marrow compartment, and there was a sharp edge between new bone and marrow. The regenerated marrow was similar to uninjured marrow, but contained considerably more cells. In the specimens with plugs, the marrow compartment was either filled with loose scar tissue, or empty, and there was only minimal bone formation, mainly located around the edges of the cortical injury. Interpretation - Marrow regeneration in the defect seemed to be a prerequisite for normal cortical healing. Shaft fracture treatment should perhaps pay more attention to the local bone marrow.
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| 6. |
- Brandt, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Single postoperative infusion of zoledronic acid to improve patient-reported outcome after hip or knee replacement : study protocol for a randomised, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: In Sweden, roughly 3000 patients are reoperated each year due to pain and loss of function related to a loosened hip or knee prosthesis. These reoperations are strenuous for the patient, technically demanding and costly for the healthcare system. Any such reoperation that can be prevented would be of great benefit. Bisphosphonates are drugs that inhibit osteoclast function. Several clinical trials suggest that bisphosphonates lead to improved implant fixation and one small study even indicates better functional outcome. Furthermore, in epidemiological studies, bisphosphonates have been shown to decrease the rate of revision for aseptic loosening by half. Thus, there are several indirect indications that bisphosphonates could improve patient-reported outcome, but no firm evidence. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a pragmatic randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, academic clinical trial of a single postoperative dose of zoledronic acid, in patients younger than 80 years undergoing primary total hip or knee replacement for osteoarthritis. Participants will be recruited from two orthopaedic departments. All surgeries will be performed, and study drugs given at Motala Hospital, Sweden. The primary endpoint is to investigate between-group differences in the Hip dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score at 3-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes will be investigated at 1 year, 3 years and 6 years, and stratified for hip and knee implants. These secondary endpoints are supportive, exploratory or explanatory. A total of 1000 patients will be included in the study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Linköping (DNR 2015/286-31). The study will be reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement for pharmacological trials. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated to patient organisations and the media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: EudraCT: No 2015-001200-55; Pre-results.
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| 7. |
- Bratengeier, Cornelia, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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The release of osteoclast-stimulating factors on supraphysiological loading by osteoprogenitors coincides with expression of genes associated with inflammation and cytoskeletal arrangement
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supraphysiological loading induced by unstable orthopedic implants initiates osteoclast formation, which results in bone degradation. We aimed to investigate which mechanosensitive cells in the peri-implant environment produce osteoclast-stimulating factors and how the production of these factors is stimulated by supraphysiological loading. The release of osteoclast-stimulating factors by different types of isolated bone marrow-derived hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells from six osteoarthritic patients was analyzed after one hour of supraphysiological loading (3.0 ± 0.2 Pa, 1 Hz) by adding their conditioned medium to osteoclast precursors. Monocytes produced factors that enhanced osteoclastogenesis by 1.6 ± 0.07-fold and mesenchymal stem cells by 1.4 ± 0.07-fold. Medium from osteoprogenitors and pre-osteoblasts enhanced osteoclastogenesis by 1.3 ± 0.09-fold and 1.4 ± 0.03-fold, respectively, where medium from four patients elicited a response and two did not. Next generation sequencing analysis of osteoprogenitors revealed that genes encoding for inflammation-related pathways and cytoskeletal rearrangements were regulated differently between responders and non-responders. Our data suggest that released osteoclast-stimulating soluble factors by progenitor cells in the bone marrow after supraphysiological loading may be related to cytoskeletal arrangement in an inflammatory environment. This connection could be relevant to better understand the aseptic loosening process of orthopedic implants.
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| 8. |
- Bögl, Hans Peter, 1969-
(författare)
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Atypical femoral fractures: Another brick in the wall : On aspects of healing, treatment strategies and surveillance
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Atypical femoral fractures are stress fractures of the femoral subtrochanteric and diaphyseal region. It is a common notion that these fractures heal poorly, if at all. In this thesis we show that patients with atypical femoral fractures have a good capacity to generate bone and therefore heal fractures. In daily practice, these patients have a higher risk for reoperation when compared with patients with a normal femoral fracture. However, this risk is less likely to be dependent on the type of fracture than other factors such as age, gender, comorbidities and survival. Using an implant that protects the fragile proximal femur, the risk for reoperations can be attenuated dramatically. An intramedullary nail with fixation of the femoral neck protects the femur from subsequent hip fractures – the most common complication in elderly patients with any type of femoral shaft fracture.Atypical femoral fractures are difficult to identify in the population. Erroneous diagnosis coding, poor reporting of adverse drug reactions and low accuracy of radiology reports make the identification and surveillance a difficult task. The Swedish Fracture Register has provided the option to register this special fracture since 2015. With its physician-based registration process, it enables researchers and treating physicians to identify and follow these rare fractures longitudinally.
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| 9. |
- Bögl, Hans Peter, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Increased rate of reoperation in atypical femoral fractures is related to patient characteristics and not fracture type : A nationwide cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : SPRINGER LONDON LTD. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 31:5, s. 951-959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atypical femoral fractures are burdened with a high rate of reoperation. In our nationwide analysis, the increased rate of reoperation was related to patient background characteristics, such as age and health status, rather than fracture type. Introduction Patients with atypical fractures are complex to treat and burdened with a high risk of reoperation. We hypothesized that patients with surgically treated, complete atypical fractures have a higher risk of any reoperation and reoperation related to healing complications than patients with common femoral shaft fractures but that this increase would become insignificant when adjusted for predefined characteristics. Methods A cohort of 163 patients with atypical fractures and 862 patients with common femoral shaft or subtrochanteric fractures treated from 2008 to 2010 and who had follow-up radiographs and register data available until 31 December 2014 was included. Reoperations were identified by a complementary review of radiographs and register data and were used to calculate risks for any reoperation and reoperations related to healing complications. Results Patients with atypical fractures were more likely to be reoperated for any reason, age-adjusted OR 1.76 (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.86). However, patients with common fractures had a shorter follow-up due to a threefold higher death rate. Accordingly, in a multivariable-adjusted time-to-event model, the increased risk lost statistical significance for any reoperations, cause-specific HR 1.34 (95% CI, 0.85 to 2.13), and for reoperations related to healing complications, HR 1.32 (95% CI, 0.58 to 3.0). Continued use of bisphosphonate in the first year after the fracture did not affect the reoperation rate. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the increased risk of reoperation after an atypical femur fracture is largely explained by patient characteristics and not fracture type.
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| 10. |
- Bögl, Hans Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced Risk of Reoperation Using Intramedullary Nailing with Femoral Neck Protection in Low-Energy Femoral Shaft Fractures
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 102:17, s. 1486-1494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In Sweden, approximately 1 in 4 women who are >= 50 years of age will sustain a hip fracture. Patients treated for a femoral shaft fracture are likely to have an even higher risk. We hypothesized that intramedullary nails protecting the femoral neck reduce the risk of subsequent hip fracture and allow the patient to avoid a challenging reoperation.Methods: Between 2008 and 2010, 5,475 fractures of the femoral shaft, in patients who were >= 55 years of age, were registered in a national registry in Sweden. Of these patients, 897 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We used radiographs and register data to identify the reasons for and the types of reoperation that occurred between the index surgical procedure and December 31, 2014. The categories of implants were determined through a review of radiographs as intramedullary nails with and without femoral neck protection. Reoperations related to peri-implant fractures (including hip fractures) were analyzed as a subgroup of all major reoperations. Multivariable-adjusted, cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to compare the risk of reoperation between cases with nails with and without femoral neck protection.Results: Among the 897 patients, a total of 82 reoperations were performed. In 640 patients who were treated with intramedullary nails with femoral neck protection, there were 7 peri-implant fractures (no hip fractures) and 27 major reoperations. Among the 257 patients who were treated with intramedullary nails without femoral neck protection, 14 peri-implant hip fractures and 24 major reoperations were identified. Patients who received nails with femoral neck protection had a lower hazard for any peri-implant fracture (multivariable-adjusted cause-specific HR, 0.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07 to 0.5]) and major reoperation (multivariable-adjusted cause-specific HR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.28 to 0.92]).Conclusions: Intramedullary nails with femoral neck protection in the treatment of low-energy femoral shaft fractures prevent secondary hip fractures and decrease the overall risk of reoperation for 4 to 6 years postoperatively.
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| 11. |
- Bögl, Hans Peter, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of atypical femoral fractures in a nationwide fracture register
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - Uppsala : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; 93, s. 229-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose - To continuously assess the incidence of atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) in the population is important, to allow the evaluation of the risks and benefits associated with osteoporosis treatment. Therefore, we investigated the possibility to use the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) as a surveillance tool for AFFs in the population and to explore means of improvement. Patients and methods - All AFF registrations in the SFR from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 were enrolled in the study. For these patients, radiographs were obtained and combined with radiographs from 176 patients with normal femoral fractures, to form the study cohort. All images were reviewed and classified into AFFs or normal femur fractures by 2 experts in the field (gold-standard classification) and 1 orthopedic resident educated on the specific radiographic features of AFF (educated-user classification). Furthermore, we estimated the incidence rate of AFFs in the population captured by the register through comparison with a previous cohort and calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) and, where possible, the inter-observer agreement (Cohen's kappa) between the different classifications. Results - Of the 178 available patients with AFF in the SFR, 104 patients were classified as AFF using the goldstandard classification, and 89 using the educated-user classification. The PPV increased from 0.58 in the SFR classification to 0.93 in the educated-user classification. The interobserver agreement between the gold-standard classification and the educated-user classification was 0.81. Interpretation - With a positive predictive value of 0.58 the Swedish Fracture Register outperforms radiology reports and reports to the Swedish Medical Products Agency on adverse drug reactions as a diagnostic tool to identify atypical femoral fractures.
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| 12. |
- Gustafsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Strains caused by daily loading might be responsible for delayed healing of an incomplete atypical femoral fracture
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bone. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 88, s. 125-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atypical femoral fractures are insufficiency fractures in the lateral femoral diaphysis or subtrochanteric region that mainly affect older patients on bisphosphonate therapy. Delayed healing is often seen in patients with incomplete fractures (cracks), and histology of bone biopsies shows mainly necrotic material inside the crack. We hypothesized that the magnitude of the strains produced in the soft tissue inside the crack during normal walk exceeds the limit for new bone formation, and thereby inhibit healink. A patient specific finite element model was developed, based on clinical CT images and high resolution CT images of a biopsy from the crack site. Strain distributions in the femur and inside the crack were calculated for load cases representing normal walk. The models predicted large strains inside the crack, with strain levels above 10% in more than three quarters of the crack volume. According to two different tissue differentiation theories, bone would only form in less than 1-5% cif the crack volume. This can explain the impaired healing generally seen in incomplete atypical fractures. Furthermore, the microgeometry of the crack highly influenced the strain distributions. Hence, a realistic microgeometry needs to be considered when modeling the crack. Histology of the biopsy showed signs of remodeling in the bone tissue adjacent to the fracture line, while the crack itself contained mainly necrotic material and signs of healing only in portions that seemed to have been widened by resorption. In conclusion, the poor healing capacity of incomplete atypical femoral fractures can be explained by biomechanical factors, and daily low impact activities are enough to cause strain magnitudes that prohibit bone formation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Kharazmi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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A Genome-Wide Association Study of Bisphosphonate-Associated Atypical Femoral Fracture
- 2019
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Ingår i: Calcified Tissue International. - : SPRINGER. - 0171-967X .- 1432-0827. ; 105:1, s. 51-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atypical femoral fracture is a well-documented adverse reaction to bisphosphonates. It is strongly related to duration of bisphosphonate use, and the risk declines rapidly after drug withdrawal. The mechanism behind bisphosphonate-associated atypical femoral fracture is unclear, but a genetic predisposition has been suggested. With the aim to identify common genetic variants that could be used for preemptive genetic testing, we performed a genome-wide association study. Cases were recruited mainly through reports of adverse drug reactions sent to the Swedish Medical Products Agency on a nation-wide basis. We compared atypical femoral fracture cases (n=51) with population-based controls (n=4891), and to reduce the possibility of confounding by indication, we also compared with bisphosphonate-treated controls without a current diagnosis of cancer (n=324). The total number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms after imputation was 7,585,874. A genome-wide significance threshold of p<5x10(-8) was used to correct for multiple testing. In addition, we performed candidate gene analyses for a panel of 29 genes previously implicated in atypical femoral fractures (significance threshold of p<5.7x10(-6)). Compared with population controls, bisphosphonate-associated atypical femoral fracture was associated with four isolated, uncommon single-nucleotide polymorphisms. When cases were compared with bisphosphonate-treated controls, no statistically significant genome-wide association remained. We conclude that the detected associations were either false positives or related to the underlying disease, i.e., treatment indication. Furthermore, there was no significant association with single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 29 candidate genes. In conclusion, this study found no evidence of a common genetic predisposition for bisphosphonate-associated atypical femoral fracture. Further studies of larger sample size to identify possible weakly associated genetic traits, as well as whole exome or whole-genome sequencing studies to identify possible rare genetic variation conferring a risk are warranted.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Kharazmi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral fixation : an alternative surgical approach in the prevention of complete atypical femoral fractures.
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology. - : Springer. - 1633-8065 .- 1432-1068. ; 28, s. 299-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little evidence is available on how to treat incomplete atypical fractures of the femur. When surgery is chosen, intramedullary nailing is the most common invasive technique. However, this approach is adopted from the treatment of other types of ordinary femoral fracture and does not aim to prevent the impending complete fracture by interrupting the mechanism underlying the pathology. We suggest a different surgical approach that intends to counteract the underlying biomechanical conditions leading to a complete atypical fracture and thus could be better suited in selected cases. Here, we share an alternative surgical approach and present two cases treated accordingly.
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| 16. |
- Kharazmi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality After Atypical Femoral Fractures: A Cohort Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 31:3, s. 491-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although osteoporotic fracture rates can be reduced by bisphosphonates, prolonged therapy is associated with higher risk of atypical femoral fractures. Ordinary fragility fractures are linked to high mortality rates. We aimed to determine whether atypical femoral fractures also confer excess mortality. Radiographs were reviewed for all patients aged 55 years who had experienced a subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fracture in Sweden in 2008 to 2010. The fractures were classified as either atypical or ordinary. Data on medication use, coexisting conditions, and date of death were obtained from national registers. We estimated multivariable-adjusted relative risks of death after atypical femoral fractures compared with ordinary subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fractures and calculated age- and sex-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for atypical and ordinary fractures compared with the population average. During a mean of 4 years of follow-up, 39 of 172 (23%) patients with an atypical fracture had died compared with 588 of 952 (62%) with an ordinary fracture, corresponding to a relative risk of 0.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38-0.68). The lower risk was evident in both users and nonusers of bisphosphonates. No patient with atypical fracture died in the first year after fracture. Individuals with an ordinary fracture had a higher mortality risk than the general population (SMR=1.82; 95% CI 1.69-1.99), but no excess risk was found in patients with atypical fracture (SMR=0.92; 95% CI 0.65-1.26). We conclude that in contrast to ordinary subtrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures, atypical femoral fractures are not associated with excess mortality. (c) 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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| 17. |
- Koeppen, V A, et al.
(författare)
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Atypical fractures do not have a thicker cortex
- 2012
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 23:12, s. 2893-2896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An association between atypical fractures and general cortical thickness of the femoral shaft is often suggested in the literature. Our radiographic measurements of 59 atypical and 218 ordinary fractures now exclude a difference larger than 10 % in mean femoral cortical thickness (sum of lateral and medial) with 95 % confidence. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAn increased general cortical thickness in patients with fatigue fracture of the femoral shaft (atypical fractures) is commonly suggested. However, there are scarce data to support this. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanIn a published nationwide Swedish study, we identified by radiographic review 59 women with an atypical fracture during 2008. The femoral cortical thickness index (thickness/femoral diameter) of these women was now compared with the 218 ordinary fractures that occurred in the same region of the femur in a case-control design. The cortical thickness index 5 cm below the lesser trochanter was the primary variable. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanPatients with atypical fractures were younger. Without correction for age, they had a thicker cortex (i.e., higher index). However, the difference in cortical thickness disappeared after age correction. The 95 % CI excludes a group mean difference exceeding 10 % of total mean thickness. Similarly, there was no significant difference in cortical thickness between patients with or without bisphosphonate treatment or between the ipsi- and contralateral femurs in patients with an atypical fracture. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe concept of a generally increased cortical thickness in patients with atypical fractures should be reconsidered.
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| 18. |
- Koeppen, Veronika A, et al.
(författare)
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Dichotomous location of 160 atypical femoral fractures
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 84:6, s. 561-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose The risk of atypical fracture of the femur is associated with bisphosphonate use. While characterizing atypical fractures from a previous nationwide study in radiographic detail, we had the impression that the fractures were located either in the subtrochanteric region or in the shaft. We determined whether there is a dichotomy in this respect. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanPatients and methods The distance between the atypical fractures and the lesser trochanter was measured on plain radiographs from 129 of 160 patients with atypical fractures, taken from 2008 through 2010. Analysis of the distances measured showed 2 clusters, which were then analyzed with regard to bisphosphonate use and age. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults The distribution of the distances would be best described as 2 clusters, with a dichotomy at 8 cm. The proximal (subtrochanteric) cluster comprised 25 patients who were generally younger (median 71 years) than the 104 patients in the cluster with shaft fractures (median 80 years). The 95% CI for the difference between medians was 4-11 years. Of the patients with subtrochanteric fractures, 18 of 25 used bisphosphonates as compared to 89 of 104 with shaft fractures. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanInterpretation The younger age and possibly smaller proportion of bisphosphonate users in the subtrochanteric cluster may be compatible with a greater influence of mechanical stress in the underlying pathophysiology of proximal fractures.
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| 19. |
- Laszlo, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Proximal Hamstring Tendon Avulsions : A Survey of Orthopaedic Surgeons' Current Practices in the Nordic Countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN. - : Springer. - 2199-1170 .- 2198-9761. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose Evidence guiding the decision on whether to treat proximal hamstring tendon avulsions (PHA) operatively or non-operatively is very limited. The aim of this study was to identify the current practices and the rationale behind PHA treatment decisions in the Nordic countries. Methods A survey was sent to orthopaedic surgeons in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark. The study population consisted of responding surgeons with exposure to surgical treatment of PHA (n = 125). The questions covered surgeon and unit characteristics, and surgeons' understanding of the evidence for treatment, and they explored which patient and injury factors influence treatment allocation. Results Although some surgeons indicated a preference for one of the treatments, 84% stated that the treatment decision was based on patient and injury-related factors. Severe obesity, drug abuse, a sedentary lifestyle, age > 60 years and delayed diagnosis (> 6 weeks) were considered contraindications to surgical treatment. Also, there was agreement that patients expressing a preference for non-operative treatment should not be operated. Complete avulsions with tendon dislocation >= 2-3 cm on MRI were relative indications for surgical treatment. The majority of surgeons did not believe that operatively treated patients did better than non-operatively treated patients and experienced that patients, generally, were satisfied with the treatment result, regardless of the type of treatment. Most surgeons had experienced significant complications to operative treatment. Conclusion Current practices varied among different units, and despite the lack of evidence for their prognostic value, several factors were inconsistently being used as decision modifiers when selecting patients for surgical treatment.
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| 20. |
- Meunier, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Antiresorptive treatment and talar collapse after displaced fractures of the talar neck : a long-term follow-up of 19 patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 92:4, s. 455-460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose - Displaced fractures of the talar neck are associated with a high risk of structural collapse. In this observational analysis we hypothesized that pharmacological inhibition of osteoclast function might reduce the risk of structural collapse through a reduction in bone resorption during revascularization of the injured bone. Patients and methods - Between 2002 and 2014 we treated 19 patients with displaced fractures of the talar neck with open reduction and internal fixation. Of these, 16 patients were available for final follow-up between January and November 2017 (median 12 years, IQR 7-13). Among these, 6 patients with Hawkins type 3 fractures and 2 patients with Hawkins type 2b fractures received postoperative antiresorptive treatment (7 alendronate, 1 denosumab) for 6 to 12 months. The remaining 8 patients received no antiresorptive treatment. The self-reported foot and ankle score (SEFAS) was available in all patients and 15 patients had undergone computed tomography (CT) at final follow-up, which allowed evaluation of structural collapse of the talar dome and signs of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Results - The risk for partial collapse of the talar dome was equal in the 2 groups (3 in each group) and post-traumatic arthritis was observed in all patients. The SEFAS in patients with antiresorptive treatment was lower, at 21 points (95% CI 15-26), compared with those without treatment, 29 points (CI 22-35). Interpretation - Following a displaced fracture of the talar neck, we found no effect of antiresorptive therapy on the rate of talar collapse, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, and patient-reported outcomes.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, Abraham, et al.
(författare)
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A prophylactic subcutaneous dose of the anticoagulant tinzaparin does not influence qPCR-based assessment of circulating levels of miRNA in humans
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 17:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have become increasingly popular biomarker candidates in various diseases. However, heparin-based anticoagulants might affect the detection of target miRNAs in blood samples during quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based analysis of miRNAs involving RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and the polymerase catalyzed reaction. Because low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) are widely used in routine healthcare, we aimed to investigate whether a prophylactic dose of the LMWH tinzaparin influences qPCR-based quantification of circulating miRNAs. A total of 30 subjects were included: 16 fracture patients with tinzaparin treatment and 14 non-fracture controls without anticoagulation therapy. To control for the effect of tinzaparin on miRNA analysis an identical concentration of synthetic miRNAs was added to plasma, isolated RNA and prepared complementary DNA (cDNA) from all samples in both groups. No significant difference was observed for cDNA synthesis or qPCR when comparing tinzaparin-treated patients with untreated controls. Among the tinzaparin-treated patients, plasma levels of six endogenous miRNAs (hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-miR-30e-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-133a-3p, hsa-miR-133b) were measured before and one to six hours after a subcutaneous injection of tinzaparin 4500IU. No significant effect was observed for any of the investigated miRNAs. A prophylactic dose of 4500IU tinzaparin does not seem to affect cDNA synthesis or qRT-PCR-based quantification of circulating miRNAs.
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| 23. |
- Nilsson, Abraham, et al.
(författare)
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BioFACTS : biomarkers of rhabdomyolysis in the diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome - protocol for a prospective multinational, multicentre study involving patients with tibial fractures
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 2044-6055. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The ischaemic pain of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) can be difficult to discriminate from the pain linked to an associated fracture. Lacking objective measures, the decision to perform fasciotomy is based on clinical findings and performed at a low level of suspicion. Biomarkers of muscle cell damage may help to identify and monitor patients at risk, similar to current routines for patients with acute myocardial infarction. This study will test the hypothesis that biomarkers of muscle cell damage can predict ACS in patients with tibial fractures. Methods and analysis Patients aged 15-65 years who have suffered a tibial fracture will be included. Plasma (P)-myoglobin and P-creatine phosphokinase will be analysed at 6-hourly intervals after admission to the hospital (for 48 hours) and-if applicable-after surgical fixation or fasciotomy (for 24 hours). In addition, if ACS is suspected at any other point in time, blood samples will be collected at 6-hourly intervals. An independent expert panel will assess the study data and will classify those patients who had undergone fasciotomy into those with ACS and those without ACS. All primary comparisons will be perforated between fracture patients with and without ACS. The area under the receiver operator characteristics curves will be used to identify the success of the biomarkers in discriminating between fracture patients who develop ACS and those who do not. Logistic regression analyses will be used to assess the discriminative abilities of the biomarkers to predict ACS corrected for prespecified covariates. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Regional Ethical Review Boards in Linkoping (2017/514-31) and Helsinki/Uusimaa (HUS/2500/2000). The BioFACTS study will be reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology recommendations.
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| 24. |
- Nilsson, Abraham, et al.
(författare)
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Low compartment pressure and myoglobin levels in tibial fractures with suspected acute compartment syndrome.
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2474. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The intense ischemic pain of acute compartment syndrome can be difficult to discriminate from the pain related to an associated fracture. Lacking objective measures, the decision to perform fasciotomy is often only based on clinical findings and performed at a low threshold. Biomarkers of muscle cell damage might help to identify and monitor patients at risk. In patients with fractures, however, markers of muscle cell damage could be elevated because of other reasons associated with the trauma, which would make interpretation difficult. In a review of all patients who underwent emergency fasciotomy in our health care district we aimed to investigate the decision-making process and specifically the use of biomarkers in patients with and without fractures.METHODS: In the southeast health care region of Sweden 79 patients (60 men) with fractures (median age 26 years) and 42 patients (34 men) without associated fractures (median age 44 years) were treated with emergency fasciotomy of the lower leg between 2007 and 2016. Differences in clinical findings, p-myoglobin and p-creatine phosphokinase as well as pressure measurements were investigated.RESULTS: P-myoglobin was analyzed preoperatively in 20% of all cases and p-creatine phosphokinase in 8%. Preoperative levels of p-myoglobin were lower in patients with fractures (median 1065 μg/L, range 200-3700 μg/L) compared with those without fractures (median 7450 μg/L, range 29-31,000 μg/L), p < 0.05. Preoperative intracompartmental pressure was lower in the fracture group (median 45 mmHg, range 25-90 mmHg) compared with those without fractures (median 83 mmHg, range 18-130 mmHg), p < 0.05.CONCLUSIONS: Biomarkers are seldom used in the context of acute fasciotomy of the lower leg. Contrary to our expectations, preoperative levels of p-myoglobin and intracompartmental pressures were lower in fracture patients. These findings support differences in the underlying pathomechanism between the groups and indicate that biomarkers of muscle cell necrosis might play a more important role in the diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome than previously thought.
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| 25. |
- Perlbach, Rico, et al.
(författare)
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Good implant survival after acetabular revision with extensive impaction bone grafting and uncemented components
- 2020
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Ingår i: The bone & joint journal. - : BRITISH EDITORIAL SOC BONE JOINT SURGERY. - 2049-4408 .- 2049-4394. ; 102-B:2, s. 198-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: This single-centre observational study aimed to describe the results of extensive bone impaction grafting of the whole acetabular cavity in combination with an uncemented component in acetabular revisions performed in a standardized manner since 1993. METHODS: Between 1993 and 2013, 370 patients with a median age of 72 years (interquartile range (IQR) 63 to 79 years) underwent acetabular revision surgery. Of these, 229 were more than ten years following surgery and 137 were more than 15 years. All revisions were performed with extensive use of morcellized allograft firmly impacted into the entire acetabular cavity, followed by insertion of an uncemented component with supplementary screw fixation. All types of reoperation were captured using review of radiographs and medical charts, combined with data from the local surgical register and the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register. RESULTS: Among patients with possible follow-up of ten and 15 years, 152 and 72 patients remained alive without revision of the acetabular component. The number of deaths was 61 and 50, respectively. Of those who died, six patients in each group had a reoperation performed before death. The number of patients with a reoperation was 22 for those with ten-year follow-up and 21 for those with 15 years of follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier implant survival rate for aseptic loosening among all 370 patients in the cohort was 96.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 94.1 to 98.5) after ten years and 92.8% (95% CI 89.2 to 96.6) after 15 years. CONCLUSION: Extensive bone impaction grafting combined with uncemented revision components appears to be a reliable method with favourable long-term survival. This technique offers the advantage of bone stock restoration and disputes the long-standing perception that uncemented components require > 50% of host bone contact for successful implant survival. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(2):198-204.
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