| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Engler, Jan O., et al.
(författare)
-
Cross-species utility of 22 microsatellite markers in the Melodious Warbler (Hippolais polyglotta)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Avian Biology Research. - 1758-1567. ; 7:2, s. 91-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microsatellites are a valuable tool in the analysis of population genetic structure. Utilising microsatellite markers that were originally isolated from other species (cross-species amplification) can prove an efficient way, in terms of time and cost, to obtain markers for genetic studies. Here, 55 avian microsatellite primer pairs were tested for the cross-amplification in the Melodious Warbler (Hippolaispo/yglotta). Thirty-five markers amplified, of which 22 were polymorphic, displaying two to nine alleles in the 15 individuals genotyped. The 35 markers which amplified in the Melodious Warbler were tested in its sister species the lcterine Warbler (H. icterina). Twenty-four markers were amplified, 14 of which were polymorphic in the five H. icterina individuals genotyped. Thirteen loci were polymorphic in both species. The polymorphic loci identified are suitable for analysing the genetic population structure and assigning parentage.
|
|
| 3. |
- Engler, Jan O., et al.
(författare)
-
Range expansion and retraction along a moving contact zone has no effect on the genetic diversity of two passerine birds
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ecography. - : Wiley. - 0906-7590. ; 39:9, s. 884-893
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disentangling the factors shaping species distributions remains a central goal in biogeography, ecology and evolutionary biology. The extrinsic pressures that may facilitate range shifts, such as climatic factors or biotic interactions are well known. However, in contrast, the possible intrinsic factors are manifold and hard to generalize across taxa. Recently, several theoretical studies have investigated the consequences of moving range borders on genetic diversity. However, empirical studies that support or refute these theoretical predictions are scarce. Moving contact zones between parapatric sister species are suitable models to test these hypotheses. Changes in genetic diversity can be tested simultaneously along the expanding and receding edges of two species of the contact zone while accounting for intra-specific effects (e.g. introgression). The two Old World warblers Hippolais polyglotta and H. icterina form a narrow moving contact zone, where interspecific interactions are suspected to be the main factor shaping this zone. We investigated the population genetic structure of both species along a transect ranging from the core range of the expanding H. polyglotta across the contact zone and far into the range of the receding H. icterina. The theoretical predictions of changes in genetic diversity at the range edges were tested. No gradual change in genetic diversity was detected for both the expanding and the receding range margin. Furthermore, no genetic structure was found in either species supporting the hypothesis that long distance dispersal (LDD) occurs frequently due to the high mobility of these long-distance migrants. The results suggest that when dispersal propensity is high and accompanied by frequent LDD events, then neither an enrichment nor a depletion of alleles along moving range edges would be detected. This these species as the probability to retain genetic diversity during exogenous induced range shifts is high in such mobile species.
|
|
| 4. |
- Lafage, Denis, et al.
(författare)
-
Short-term resilience of arthropod assemblages after spring flood, with focus on spiders (Arachnida Araneae) and carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Ecohydrology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1936-0584 .- 1936-0592. ; 8:8, s. 1584-1599
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the expected increase in extreme flood frequency, the manner in which terrestrial arthropods cope with regular submersion of their habitat remains poorly understood in meadows, especially in temperate floodplains. Here, we studied the recolonization dynamics of arthropods after a severe spring flood in the Loire Valley (France). We carried out analyses at the community (order or family identification level) and species scales, focusing on the assemblages of two dominant and diverse groups: carabids and spiders. Our objectives were the following: (i) to describe the temporal changes in community structure after flooding and (ii) to assess the influence of landscape configuration on recolonization patterns of species and their functional traits. Fieldwork was performed along three sampling transects, by using 75 pitfall traps, in 2012. A total of 14767 arthropods belonging to 87 families were trapped, including 5538 spiders (55 species) and 3396 carabids (66 species). Multivariate analyses discriminated assemblages from flooded and non-flooded habitats and revealed changes over time in arthropod families and species after flood withdrawal. In particular, wolf spiders (Lycosidae) were the first to recolonize, whereas other groups clearly avoided flooded sites. Our results also revealed that short distances to hedgerows, and to a lesser extent, distance to woodlands, favoured the recolonization of large and ground-running spiders. In conclusion, our study shows the short-term resilience of certain groups or stenotopic species to flooding and also the relevance of multi-taxon-based studies. The presence of hedgerows has to be considered carefully in management plans because of their role of refuge during flooding. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
| 5. |
- Mege, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
-
Partial Opsin Sequences Suggest UV-Sensitive Vision is Widespread in Caudata
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Evolutionary biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0071-3260 .- 1934-2845. ; 43:1, s. 109-118
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultraviolet (UV) vision exists in several animal groups. Intuitively, one would expect this trait to be favoured in species living in bright environments, where UV light is the most present. However, UV sensitivity, as deduced from sequences of UV photoreceptors and/or ocular media transmittance, is also present in nocturnal species, raising questions about the selective pressure maintaining this perceptual ability. Amphibians are among the most nocturnal vertebrates but their visual ecology remains poorly understood relative to other groups. Perhaps because many of these species breed in environments that filter out a large part of UV radiation, physiological and behavioural studies of UV sensitivity in this group are scarce. We investigated the extent of UV vision in Caudata, the order of amphibians with the most nocturnal habits. We could recover sequences of the UV sensitive SWS1 opsin in 40 out of 58 species, belonging to 6 families. In all of these species, the evidence suggests the presence of functional SWS1 opsins under purifying selection, potentially allowing UV vision. Interestingly, most species whose opsin genes failed to amplify exhibited particular ecological features that could drive the loss of UV vision. This likely wide distribution of functional UV photoreceptors in Caudata sheds a new light on the visual ecology of amphibians and questions the function of UV vision in nocturnal animal species.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Perez-Tris, Javier, et al.
(författare)
-
Within-host speciation of malaria parasites
- 2007
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 2:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Sympatric speciation—the divergence of populations into new species in absence of geographic barriers to hybridization—is the most debated mode of diversification of life forms. Parasitic organisms are prominent models for sympatric speciation, because they may colonise new hosts within the same geographic area and diverge through host specialization. However, it has been argued that this mode of parasite divergence is not strict sympatric speciation, because host shifts likely cause the sudden effective isolation of parasites, particularly if these are transmitted by vectors and therefore cannot select their hosts. Strict sympatric speciation would involve parasite lineages diverging within a single host species, without any population subdivision. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we report a case of extraordinary divergence of sympatric, ecologically distinct, and reproductively isolated malaria parasites within a single avian host species, which apparently occurred without historical or extant subdivision of parasite or host populations. Conclusions/Significance This discovery of within-host speciation changes our current view on the diversification potential of malaria parasites, because neither geographic isolation of host populations nor colonization of new host species are any longer necessary conditions to the formation of new parasite species.
|
|
| 8. |
- Reullier, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Diversity, distribution and exchange of blood parasites meeting at an avian moving contact zone
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083. ; 15:3, s. 753-763
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on contact zones has paid relatively little attention to host-parasite interactions, although these situations have important but different implications depending on whether one considers the host or the parasite's perspective. We investigated both the role of a host contact zone in parasite expansion and whether parasites could influence contact zone dynamics. We studied the diversity and the patterns of parasite exchange (genera Haemoproteus and Plasmodium) infecting two parapatric sibling passerines meeting at a moving contact zone in western Europe. We amplified and sequenced a fragment of the parasite cytochrome b gene. The expanding host harboured more diverse parasites, which might indicate a superior ability to face a diverse parasite fauna than the receding host. Prevalence was very high in both hosts, due to the frequent occurrence of two sister Haemoproteus lineages. Despite the recent movement of the contact zone, these two parasites fitted almost perfectly to the geographic range of their main host species. Yet, we found several cases of cross-species infection in sympatric areas and evidences of asymmetrical spreading of parasites from the expanding host towards the receding host. Altogether, our results suggest that the host contact zone mainly acts as a barrier to parasite expansion even if recurrent host shifts are observed. Besides, they also support the idea that parasite-mediated competition might contribute to the displacement of hosts' contact zones, thereby emphasizing the role of parasitism on the population dynamics of sympatric species.
|
|
| 9. |
- Secondi, Jean, et al.
(författare)
-
Bilateral Song Convergence in a Passerine Hybrid Zone: Genetics Contribute in One Species Only
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0071-3260 .- 1934-2845. ; 38:4, s. 441-452
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybridization can drive the convergence of territorial and sexual signals. However, non-genetic processes such as competition, environment matching, or cultural transmission, also generate this pattern. We investigated the effect of hybridization on song convergence between two interspecifically territorial warblers in a moving hybrid zone. We confirmed song convergence in each species. Using an AFLP-based genetic index, we detected an effect of genetics on song convergence in Hippolais polyglotta, the expanding species. Evidence was weaker for H. icterina, the receding species. In moving zones, introgression is expected to be larger in the expanding species than in the receding. Thus, the asymmetric contribution of the genetic index to convergence was consistent with expectations for genetically determined traits in moving hybrid zones, and the observed introgression pattern of AFLP markers. However, the geographical location of individuals had an effect on song variation too when genetics was accounted for, suggesting that convergence also has non-genetic explanations. We examine the possible role of alternative processes to that of hybridization and discuss their conflicting effects on reinforcement and hybrid zone dynamics.
|
|
| 10. |
- Secondi, Jean, et al.
(författare)
-
Female responses to male coos in the collared dove Streptopelia decaocto
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Behaviour. - : Brill. - 1568-539X .- 0005-7959. ; 139:10, s. 1287-1302
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birdsong is one of the main models in sexual selection studies. Most investigations focused on oscines in which male song and female preference learning occur. Yet, some non-oscines are well suited for such studies as well. In Columbidae song learning does not occur. However, like in oscines, song is involved in inter- and intra-sexual interactions. Surprisingly, experimental evidence of female song-based preferences are still largely lacking in this group. We conducted playback tests on wild-caught Streptopelia decaocto females. We tested for the sexual function of song by playing decaocto songs versus songs of an unrelated species. We then investigated female responses to trill. Although they do not produce this trait, males react more strongly to artificially trilled decaocto songs, i.e. to conspecific songs in which a trill from a S. roseogrisea song has been inserted, than to normal decaocto songs. We also tested female responses to S. roseogrisea songs. Females flew more often and with a shorter latency during decaocto songs than during wren songs, suggesting that species recognition occurred, but we found no evidence of preference for trilled decaocto songs. The low activity observed during the experiment might have obscured actual preferences. Nevertheless, females consistently reacted more to normal decaocto songs than to trilled decaocto or roseogrisea songs. This contrasts with the strong responses for trilled decaocto songs and the virtual lack of reaction to S. roseogrisea songs observed in males. Thus, female collared doves, as receivers, may have different characteristics from males and impose constraints on the evolution of song.
|
|
| 11. |
- Secondi, Jean, et al.
(författare)
-
Species-specific song convergence in a moving hybrid zone between two passerines
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4066 .- 1095-8312. ; 80:3, s. 507-517
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Moving hybrid zones are receiving increasing attention. However, so far little is known about the proximate mechanisms underlying these movements. Signalling behaviour, by individuals engaged in interspecific sexual and aggressive interactions, may play a crucial role. In this study, we investigated song variation within a moving hybrid zone between two warblers, Hippolais polyglotta and H. icterina. In these species, song is involved in interspecific territoriality and, probably, in mixed pairings. We showed that allopatric populations of the two species are clearly acoustically differentiated. However, interspecific differences faded out in sympatry as a result of an overall pattern of convergence. Unexpectedly, the two species converged for different song parameters, namely temporal parameters for H. icterina and syntax for H. polyglotta. Hybridization and interspecific competition could explain convergence in H. icterina. Instead, in H. polyglotta we suggest that local adaptation to habitat and interspecific learning might contribute to convergence. We particularly stress that cross-species learning, by maintaining high levels of interspecific interactions, may influence the movement of the zone. (C) 2003 The Linnean Society of London.
|
|
| 12. |
- Secondi, Jean, et al.
(författare)
-
Spreading introgression in the wake of a moving contact zone
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083. ; 15:9, s. 2463-2475
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An increasing number of studies describe moving hybrid zones. This raises the issue of their actual frequency and emphasizes the need for methods that enable the detection of zone movements without historical records. Asymmetric introgression, usually considered as a signature of geographical shift, might be misleading when applied to mitochondrial or potentially non-neutral markers. We investigated mitochondrial and genomic introgression, using 30 AFLP derived markers, in a well-documented moving avian contact zone between two warblers. We found no instances of cross-species transmission of mitochondrial DNA but we detected nuclear introgression. Introgression levels were higher in the expanding species. Highest introgression was observed in populations that recently became allopatric than in current sympatric populations, which suggests that alien genetic material mainly spread at the time just before the receding species became extinct. We propose that either local recruitment or positive selection on some loci contribute to this pattern. Furthermore, we propose that, when the rarefaction of sexual partners drive the hybridization process, movement could be revealed by introgression peaking on the rear edge of the moving zone, or in its close vicinity.
|
|
| 13. |
- Secondi, Jean, et al.
(författare)
-
To trill or not to trill? Territorial response to a heterospecific vocal trait in male collared doves, Streptopelia decaocto
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 14:5, s. 694-701
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responding of individuals outside the conspecific range has been largely explained by biases in sensory or cognitive systems toward particular traits or trait values. More recently, it has been shown that such responses might occur if individuals still respond to signal traits that have been lost over time. However, empirical evidence remains scarce. We report a case supporting the latter mechanism. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto, had lost the trilled vocalization present in most congeneric taxa. We tested whether males retained the ability to respond to these trills in the context of territory defense. We synthesized trilled songs by inserting trills from the sister species S. roseogrisea into S. decaocto songs. We show that trilled songs yielded higher responses than did natural conspecific songs, and that the intensity of the response depended on the number of trilled elements. We also show that trilled songs elicited as strong reactions as frequency modulated coos, which are stronger releasers of territorial response than are nonmodulated coos, but are not produced by every males. Additional tests suggest that the frequency pattern is the most important feature of the trill used by males. However, it is still unknown whether reactions to trilled and frequency modulated coos have the same perceptual basis. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of a strongly deviating signal that is still effective in vocal intrasexual communication in birds.
|
|
