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- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(author)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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In: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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| 4. |
- Mercuri, E., et al.
(author)
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Safety and effectiveness of ataluren: comparison of results from the STRIDE Registry and CINRG DMD Natural History Study
- 2020
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In: Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research. - : Becaris Publishing Limited. - 2042-6305 .- 2042-6313. ; 9:5, s. 341-360
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: Strategic Targeting of Registries and International Database of Excellence (STRIDE) is an ongoing, multicenter registry providing real-world evidence regarding ataluren use in patients with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy (nmDMD). We examined the effectiveness of ataluren + standard of care (SoC) in the registry versus SoC alone in the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG) Duchenne Natural History Study (DNHS), DMD genotype-phenotype/-ataluren benefit correlations and ataluren safety. Patients & methods: Propensity score matching was performed to identify STRIDE and CINRG DNHS patients who were comparable in established disease progression predictors (registry cut-off date, 9 July 2018). Results & conclusion: Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated that ataluren + SoC significantly delayed age at loss of ambulation and age at worsening performance in timed function tests versus SoC alone (p <= 0.05). There were no DMD genotype-phenotype/ataluren benefit correlations. Ataluren was well tolerated. These results indicate that ataluren + SoC delays functional milestones of DMD progression in patients with nmDMD in routine clinical practice. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02369731. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02369731.
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- Kiefer, J., et al.
(author)
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Gas diagnostics by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy employing polarization filtering
- 2010
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In: Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis, LACSEA 2010. - 2162-2701. - 9781557528803
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work we present a setup for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) employing a polarization filtering approach and use it for gas diagnostics. A one parts-per-million (ppm) detection sensitivity is achieved for hydrogen atoms.
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| 8. |
- Kiefer, Johannes, et al.
(author)
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Laser-induced breakdown flame thermometry
- 2012
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In: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180. ; 159:12, s. 3576-3582
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The determination of temperature distribution is an essential task when flames are characterized. We propose a new approach for flame thermometry based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) utilizing the temperature dependency of the breakdown threshold laser pulse energy. Calibration measurements are carried out in heated gas flows and post-combustion gases. Compositional effects on the breakdown threshold are corrected employing a straightforward procedure. For this purpose, the elemental composition is derived from the LIBS spectra and this information is then used for correcting the measured threshold laser pulse energy. A series of proof-of-concept measurements in a laminar methane/air flame on a Bunsen burner is conducted and compared to reference data from coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). The corrected LIBS temperatures show excellent agreement with those obtained by CARS. Therefore, our approach represents a simple and straightforward alternative to traditionally used thermometry methods. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Kiefer, Johannes, et al.
(author)
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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy : A simple but versatile tool for combustion diagnostics
- 2012
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In: Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis, LACSEA 2012. - Washington, D.C. : OSA. - 9781557529336
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an experimentally simple method capable of measuring elemental composition in a flame. Moreover, the breakdown threshold energy is temperature dependent. Hence, LIBS allows multiple parameter determination in combustion environments.
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| 10. |
- Kiefer, J., et al.
(author)
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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in gases using ungated detection in combination with polarization filtering and online background correction
- 2010
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In: Measurement Science & Technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 21:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quantitative and fast analysis of gas mixtures is an important task in the field of chemical, security and environmental analysis. In this paper we present a diagnostic approach based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A polarization filter in the signal collection system enables sufficient suppression of elastically scattered light which otherwise reduces the dynamic range of the measurement. Running the detector with a doubled repetition rate as compared to the laser online background correction is obtained. Quantitative measurements of molecular air components in synthetic, ambient and expiration air are performed and demonstrate the potential of the method. The detection limits for elemental oxygen and hydrogen are in the order of 15 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively.
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| 11. |
- Kiefer, Johannes, et al.
(author)
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Local composition and temperature determination in laminar flames by laser-induced plasma diagnostics
- 2011
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In: 2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics : Laser Science to Photonic Applications, CLEO 2011 - Laser Science to Photonic Applications, CLEO 2011. - 9781557529107
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We utilize laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for measuring mixture composition and temperature in flames. Spectroscopy of the plasma emission yields concentration information, while temperature is derived from the breakdown threshold pulse energy.
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| 15. |
- Stack, K. M., et al.
(author)
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Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Shenandoah Formation, Western Fan, Jezero Crater, Mars
- 2024
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. - 2169-9097. ; 129:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sedimentary fans are key targets of exploration on Mars because they record the history of surface aqueous activity and habitability. The sedimentary fan extending from the Neretva Vallis breach of Jezero crater's western rim is one of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover's main exploration targets. Perseverance spent ∼250 sols exploring and collecting seven rock cores from the lower ∼25 m of sedimentary rock exposed within the fan's eastern scarp, a sequence informally named the “Shenandoah” formation. This study describes the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Shenandoah formation at two areas, “Cape Nukshak” and “Hawksbill Gap,” including a characterization, interpretation, and depositional framework for the facies that comprise it. The five main facies of the Shenandoah formation include: laminated mudstone, laminated sandstone, low-angle cross stratified sandstone, thin-bedded granule sandstone, and thick-bedded granule-pebble sandstone and conglomerate. These facies are organized into three facies associations (FA): FA1, comprised of laminated and soft sediment-deformed sandstone interbedded with broad, unconfined coarser-grained granule and pebbly sandstone intervals; FA2, comprised predominantly of laterally extensive, soft-sediment deformed laminated, sulfate-bearing mudstone with lenses of low-angle cross-stratified and scoured sandstone; and FA3, comprised of dipping planar, thin-bedded sand-gravel couplets. The depositional model favored for the Shenandoah formation involves the transition from a sand-dominated distal alluvial fan setting (FA1) to a stable, widespread saline lake (FA2), followed by the progradation of a river delta system (FA3) into the lake basin. This sequence records the initiation of a relatively long-lived, habitable lacustrine and deltaic environment within Jezero crater.
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| 18. |
- Zheng, X, et al.
(author)
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Metabolism in tumour-associated macrophages: a quid pro quo with the tumour microenvironment
- 2020
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In: European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1600-0617. ; 29:157
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Recent studies demonstrated that the tumour microenvironment (TME) is pivotal for tumour progression, providing multiple targeting opportunities for therapeutic strategies. As one of the most abundant stromal cell types in the TME, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibit high plasticity. Malignant cells alter their metabolic profiles to adapt to the limited availability of oxygen and nutrients in the TME, resulting in functional alteration of TAMs. The metabolic features of TAMs are strongly associated with their functional plasticity, which further impacts metabolic profiling in the TME and contributes to tumourigenesis and progression. Here, we review the functional determination of the TME by TAM metabolic alterations, including glycolysis as well as fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, which in turn are influenced by environmental changes. Additionally, we discuss metabolic reprogramming of TAMs to a tumouricidal phenotype as a potential antitumoural therapeutic strategy.
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