| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bogdan, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of robot body movements supporting communication : Towards HRI on the move
- 2011
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Ingår i: New Frontiers in Human–Robot Interaction. - Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027204554 ; , s. 185-210
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In designing socially interactive robots we have focused on robot movement and its role in multi-modal human-robot communication. In this chapter we describe design and evaluation of robot body movements supporting communication, investigating the idea of using speed and orientation adjustments as design elements in human-robot interaction. The scenario studied includes a robotic shopping trolley that offers products via speech and GUI to the user while both are moving in a supermarket-like environment. Our results show that if the robot slows down while making such offers, users are more prone to react upon them and to take the product. However, even from our early pre-study with mock-up robots we observed that users tended not to mention the robot’s slow-down movements, even if these movements were shown several times to them during a video-based debriefing. This phenomenon, that users react implicitly on the robot’s movements without being consciously aware of them, was confirmed during an experimental study with a fully integrated robot prototype. We discuss our results by reflecting on human-robot interaction design methods, and we draw implications from the lessons learned in the study of the design of robot behaviours. In particular, we list a whole set of challenges for HRI when both the user and the robot are moving.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Davoli, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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Peer activities on Web learning platforms : Impact on collaborative writing and usability issues
- 2009
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Ingår i: Education and Information Technologies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1360-2357 .- 1573-7608. ; 14:3, s. 229-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of groupware tools in e-learning practice is increasing, because of their educational relevance and of the importance of group abilities in today's job activities. The paper addresses some critical issues of asynchronous collaborative tools hosted in Web-learning platforms. A model to capture user quality perceptions for these tools is presented, and an investigation conducted in three case studies where e-learning platforms were used to share and comment on written works is reported in detail. Quantitative and qualitative data are used in a complementary way to capture the complexity of educational collaborative activities. The impact of technologies on work organization, writing and peer-feedback activities is discussed. Users dedicated more time to feedback activities than they would have in real-life contexts, and paid more attention to the style and content of their writing. Communication was more focused and honest than in real life (even though more distant and at the risk of misunderstanding), and its indirectness encouraged shy and impaired people. Usability problems emerged from platform design, educators' choices and server-side settings; Web-based systems seem to pose specific usability issues when users are required a strong active role; compatibility issues highlight the need for a closer Web standard compliance.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Green, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Applying the wizard-of-oz framework to cooperative service discovery and configuration
- 2004
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Ingår i: RO-MAN 2004: 13TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ROBOT AND HUMAN INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION, PROCEEDINGS. - NEW YORK : IEEE. - 0780385705 ; , s. 575-580
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes how the Wizard-of-Oz framework can be applied to a service robotics scenario. A scenario the Home Tour Scenario - involving a collaborative service discovery and configuration multimodal dialogue for the robot is described. The role of the wizard operators producing dialogue and robot movements is discussed as well as the specific simulation tools used: the Dialogue Production Tool and the Joystick Navigation Tool. Some attention will be paid to the pilot studies performed as a preparation for the unified Home Tour Scenario.
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| 7. |
- Green, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a Contextualized Multimodal Corpus for Human-Robot Interaction
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the fifth international conference on language resources and evaluation. ; , s. 401-406
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the development process of a contextualized corpus for research on Human-Robot Communication. The data have been collected in two Wizard-of-Oz user studies performedwith 22 and 5 users respectively in a scenario that is called the HomeTour. In this scenario the users show the environment (a single room, or a whole floor) to the robot using a combination of speech and gestures. The corpus has been transcribed and annotated with respect to gestures and conversational acts, thus forming a core annotation. We have also annotated or linked other types of data, e.g., laser range finder readings, positioning analysis, questionnaire data and task descriptions that form the annotated context of the scenario. By providing a rich set of different annotated data, thecorpus is thus an important resource both for research on natural language speech interfaces for robots and for research on human-robot communication in general.
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| 8. |
- Hüttenrauch, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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Involving users in the design of a mobile office robot
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics. Part C, Applications and reviews. - : IEEE. - 1094-6977 .- 1558-2442. ; 34:2, s. 113-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the experiences from the iterative design of a fetch-and-carry-robot, to be used by motion-impaired people in an office environment. A user-centered approach was chosen, involving several steps of information elicitation to inform the design. We describe the main elements of the design process, the communication and interaction components of the final prototype system, and an evaluation of the system in the form of a longitudinal study. Results from this study confirmed that continuous testing with users is extremely important in the design process for service robots. The trials have also revealed that interaction design for robots should not focus only on the individual user, but that other members in the environment can be seen "secondary users" or "bystanders" who tend to relate to the robot actively in various ways. We conclude that these social and collaborative issues should be studied in future research.
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| 9. |
- Kristoffersson, Annica, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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An exploratory study of health professionals' attitudes about robotic telepresence technology
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of technology in human services. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-8835 .- 1522-8991. ; 29:4, s. 263-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the results from a video-based evaluation study of a social robotic telepresence solution for elderly. The evaluated system is a mobile teleoperated robot called Giraff that allows caregivers to virtually enter a home and conduct a natural visit just as if they were physically there. The evaluation focuses on the perspectives from primary healthcare organizations and collects the feedback from different categories of health professionals. The evaluation included 150 participants and yielded unexpected results with respect to the acceptance of the Giraff system. In particular, greater exposure to technology did not necessarily increase acceptance and large variances occurred between the categories of health professionals. In addition to outlining the results, this study provides a number of indications with respect to increasing acceptance for technology for elderly.
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| 10. |
- Lohse, M., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating extrovert and introvert behaviour of a domestic robot – a video study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, RO-MAN. - New York : IEEE. - 9781424422128 ; , s. 488-493
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) research is here presented into social robots that have to be able to interact with inexperienced users. In the design of these robots many research findings of human-human interaction and human-computer interaction are adopted but the direct applicability of these theories is limited because a robot is different from both humans and computers. Therefore, new methods have to be developed in HRI in order to build robots that are suitable for inexperienced users. In this paper we present a video study we conducted employing our robot BIRON (BIelefeld RObot companioN) which is designed for use in domestic environments. Subjects watched the system during the interaction with a human and rated two different robot behaviours (extrovert and introvert). The behaviours differed regarding verbal output and person following of the robot. Aiming to improve human-robot interaction, participants' ratings of the behaviours were evaluated and compared.
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| 11. |
- Moll, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Audio and Haptic Feedback on Collaborative Scanning and Placing
- 2014
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Ingår i: Interacting with computers. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0953-5438 .- 1873-7951. ; 26:3, s. 177-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study aimed at exploring the effects of different modality combinations on collaborative task performance and employed joint task-solving strategies in a shared interface. The modality combinations visual/haptic, visual/audio and visual/haptic/audio were compared in an experiment in which users solved a task together, working in pairs in adjacent rooms. The application used contained a flat surface in a 3D interface on which piles of cubes were randomly placed in a grid. The task involved scanning for empty cells and placing continuously falling cubes until all empty cells were filled. The cubes and the flat surface were designed in such a way that they could be felt and heard and thus could be recognized by different kinds of haptic and audio feedback cues. This made it possible to scan the environment and read both absolute and relative positions in the grid. A quantitative analysis of task performance and a qualitative analysis of video recordings and interview data were performed. Results showed that task completion times were significantly faster in the visual/haptic/audio condition compared with the other conditions and that there were also significantly fewer errors, result checks of one's own actions and double checks of the partner's actions in the visual/haptic/audio condition than in the other conditions. Qualitative results show that participants work simultaneously to a larger extent in the visual/haptic/audio condition and that less communication occurred in the visual/haptic/audio condition compared with the other conditions. We argue that more modalities improved the awareness of the environment resulting in the participants feeling more confident with their interaction in the environment in the visual/haptic/audio condition. This resulted in improved task performance. The visual/audio feedback was better suited for solving the task than the visual/haptic feedback even though haptic feedback gave a significant added value in the visual/haptic/audio condition.
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| 12. |
- Nijenhuis, N, et al.
(författare)
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The Use of Audio and Video in Synchronous Computer-Supported Collaborative Writing
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the use of audio and video and the support of common ground was investigated in the context of the planning stage in the writing process. The esearch question for this study was: “Compared to the use of an audio communication modality, how is common ground supported by a video communication modality when people are planning a document together with the use of a collaborative writing tool?” To study how common ground was supported by an audio and video communication modality, the following definition of common ground was used: For a conversation to be effective the communicators need to understand each other, that means they are noticing and hearing each other, they understand what was said and what was meant. In total 45 participants took part in this study. The task was to make an outline about Sweden. A questionnaire was used to measure the support for common ground, satisfaction with the interaction and satisfaction with the outcome. Task performance was measured with the quality of the outlines. The outlines were reviewed and sorted on quality. The results for this study show that common ground is well supported by both communication modalities, but differences in support for common ground do exist. It is argued that video supports the creation and maintenance of common ground better in complex situations, which demand intensive collaboration, especially for non-native speakers of English.
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| 13. |
- Normark, Maria, 1974-
(författare)
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Work and Technology Use in Centers of Coordination : Reflections on the relationship between situated practice and artifact design
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research problem explored in this thesis is how technology and work practice are related in coordinative situations (collocated and over distance). Further, the problem of how this kind of research results can be transformed and used in the development of new technology is discussed. Air Traffic Control and Emergency Call Centers are the two domains where the complex process of coordination in a time and safety critical setting has been studied. The methodological approach taken in the field studies is ethnographic, a qualitative method with a descriptive outcome. Air traffic controllers focus on keeping the airspace organized so that the aircraft are separated at all times, as well as are given an economic route by e.g. slowing down so that they do not have to wait in the air for traffic ahead. In order to manage the control of the national airspace, it is divided into geographical sectors each of which is controlled by 1-2 controllers. The aircraft cross many sectors during one flight and each time they cross a sector border there is a handover of responsibility between the controllers. The controllers have a large number of tools that they orchestrate in order to maintain control and keep records of the orders given to the pilots. The situation in one sector has therefore been locally stored at their work position. It is shown in the thesis how the social interaction and the technology support are ordered to broadcast the locally stored information. Emergency call centers at SOS Alarm are in contrast to the ATC centers fully computerized. The operators use CoordCom, a system that is currently in the process of being renewed. When a telephone call to the emergency number 112 is received in one of the 20 local centers in Sweden, a receiving operator initiates the case by interviewing the caller in order to categorize the incident. Often, an incident consists of a number of conditions that together make an emergency. It is shown that accountability of decisions and local knowledge of the center’s responsibility area are two important parts of coordination at SOS Alarm. A question that has been of interest during the studies is what possibilities ethnographic observations provide when used as a starting point in a design project. The final study provided a description of how the ethnographic material from the emergency call center study was explored and transformed in order to create concrete functionality and design. The thesis contributes with examples from the workplace studies of how people interact with each other through the technology and how skills, local knowledge and professional concerns shape the interaction. It also contributes with reflections on how descriptions and experiences of work practice and technology use in the field can serve as a foundation in shaping and designing new ideas and new functionality for future systems. The papers included in this thesis shows results on four issues in relation to coordination and technology: -Coordinative work practice and implications in using video/audio in a distributed setting -Support for accountability in decision-making in a distributed setting -The role of local knowledge and combined expertise in a local collocated center -The transformation of ethnographic observations in the design process The thesis also shows the importance of a further definition of the dichotomy of collocated and distributed work in order to inform technology. An analysis of the dichotomy based on the field study results is presented in the thesis.
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| 14. |
- Oestreicher, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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User Expectations on Human-Robot Co-operation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2006. ROMAN 2006. The 15th IEEE International Symposium on. - 9781424405657 ; , s. 91-96
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robots are sometimes considered as candidates for being ideal helpers in various situations. As robot technology advances quickly it might be tempting to assume that robots will soon widely used in homes dealing with all sorts of tasks, from small assignments to more complex tasks. However, it is still not clear what people expect a robot to do in their homes. This paper describes the results from two studies that investigate the public opinion towards service robots, both as a general domestic worker, and as a support for people with special needs.
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| 15. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Rodriguez, Henrry, et al.
(författare)
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Visualizing patterns of annotation in document-centered collaboration on the Web
- 2006
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Ingår i: Writing and Digital Media. - : Elsevier. - 0080448631 ; , s. 131-144
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sharing documents with others and getting comments on them are frequent activities for most authors. We present Col-lecci6;1A web-based asynchronous, groupware tool that supports sharing and annotation of documents in small or medium sized-groups. Eash document is associated with its own space for commenting, in which a text-based dialouge can be formed among the participants. A site in Col-lecci6 is called a domain, and consists of a collection of documents and a set of comments in connection with each document. Case studies of the use of the system have shown that a domain is often complex as a discourse enviroment, as the system supports several parallel document discussions. We present a visualization model, Domain Interactivity Diagram (DID), as an aid for analysing patterns of annotation and referncing in these dialouges. This model is especially adapted to document-centred discourse, and highlights the role of the author in communication about a document. One aim of the DID is to show the extent to which documents he/she has commented on. A more ambitious aim has been to support to coherence in the discourse developed within a domain.
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| 19. |
- Rositto, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Designing for "nomadic" student group work
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Working with Computing Systems. ; , s. 110-114
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents results from two case studies aiming at understanding nomadic work in the context of students’ collaborative activities. By drawing on data collected by adopting ethnographic methods, we present and discuss a notion of nomadicity as characterized by discontinuities. Eventually, we explore some considerations for design that we address as relevant for the settings we have studied.
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| 20. |
- Rossitto, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Managing work at several places : a case of project work in a nomadic group of students
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ECCE 2007, the European Conference of Cognitive Ergonomics. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 45-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivation -- This paper explores the collaborative and spatial practices of university students engaged in project work. Regarding students as nomadic workers, we attempt to elucidate how their activities are shaped by the lack of a stable and fixed location where work can be carried out. Research approach -- The data presented in this paper were collected by means of ethnographically-informed methods. Findings/Design -- The results elucidate how students manage their collaborative activities at different locations and how they use artifacts and technology in order to do so. Research limitations/Implications -- Only Swedish students participated in the field study discussed in this paper. Cultural attributes, related to privacy for instance, might contribute to the distinction between private and public places. Originality/Value -- This work highlights the relationships between group activities and the places they are bound to, with a main focus on how these relationships are mediated by technological artifacts. Take away message -- The nomadic work described suggests that design efforts should be oriented towards an integration of different applications and/or technological devices.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Sallnäs Pysander, Eva-Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Haptic Interface for Collaborative Learning Among Sighted and Visually Impaired Pupils in Primary School
- 2006
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Ingår i: ENACTIVE / 06, Enaction & Complexity. ; , s. 85-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the study presented here two software prototypes for learning about geometrical concepts in primary school were evaluated. Both prototypes have a combined haptic and visual user interface, so as to support visually impaired pupils in group work together with sighted classmates. The aim of the prototypes was to facilitate the visually impaired pupils’ inclusion in school. The overall goal of the study was to evaluate the collaboration in a shared haptic environment regarding usability, interaction, learning and inclusion in a group work process with visually impaired and sighted pupils. The prototype and the evaluation are described in more detail in Moll (2006).
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| 23. |
- Sallnäs Pysander, Eva-Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Navigation and control in haptic applications shared by blind and sighted users
- 2006
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Ingår i: Haptic And Audio Interaction Design, Proceedings. - Glasgow : Springer. - 3540375953 ; , s. 68-80
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Haptic feedback in shared virtual environments can potentially make it easier for a visit ally impaired person to take part in and contribute to the process of group work. In this paper a task driven explorative evaluation is presented. of collaboration between visually impaired and sighted persons in three applications that provide haptic and visual feedback. The results show that all pairs could perform all the tasks in these applications even though a number of difficulties were identified. The conclusions made can inform design of applications for cooperation between visually impaired and sighted users.
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| 24. |
- Severinsson Eklundh, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Coherence and interactivity in text-based group discussions around Web documents
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. ; , s. 1743-1752
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on a study of text-based communication in a Web-based groupware system, DHS. The system supports annotation of a set of shared documents, where the annotations are gathered in a common dialogue space for each document. Since the system does not support threading of messages, it is of interest to explore how participants use the referential space to connect to each other's contributions. The analysis reveals that the evolving dialogues are characterized by a dual discourse context of documents and comments. The modes of linking are conversational and often implicit, which may lead to coherence problems. We present a visualization tool designed to explore interactivity and referencing strategies in these document-centered dialogues, and discuss implications of our findings for the design of computer-mediated communication systems.
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| 25. |
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