| 1. |
- ODonnell, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report: Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 13:2, s. 268-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998) reported that participants primed with a category associated with intelligence (professor) subsequently performed 13% better on a trivia test than participants primed with a category associated with a lack of intelligence (soccer hooligans). In two unpublished replications of this study designed to verify the appropriate testing procedures, Dijksterhuis, van Knippenberg, and Holland observed a smaller difference between conditions (2%-3%) as well as a gender difference: Men showed the effect (9.3% and 7.6%), but women did not (0.3% and -0.3%). The procedure used in those replications served as the basis for this multilab Registered Replication Report. A total of 40 laboratories collected data for this project, and 23 of these laboratories met all inclusion criteria. Here we report the meta-analytic results for those 23 direct replications (total N = 4,493), which tested whether performance on a 30-item general-knowledge trivia task differed between these two priming conditions (results of supplementary analyses of the data from all 40 labs, N = 6,454, are also reported). We observed no overall difference in trivia performance between participants primed with the professor category and those primed with the hooligan category (0.14%) and no moderation by gender.
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| 2. |
- Aczel, Balazs, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting multi-analyst studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Any large dataset can be analyzed in a number of ways, and it is possible that the use of different analysis strategies will lead to different results and conclusions. One way to assess whether the results obtained depend on the analysis strategy chosen is to employ multiple analysts and leave each of them free to follow their own approach. Here, we present consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting such multi-analyst studies, and we discuss how broader adoption of the multi-analyst approach has the potential to strengthen the robustness of results and conclusions obtained from analyses of datasets in basic and applied research.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Fagerlund, Amelie, et al.
(författare)
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Protective effects of synthetic and naturally occurring antioxidants in pulp products
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 18, s. 176-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various types of natural and synthetic antioxidants when added to handsheets of pulp in low concentrations (0.2% weight%) could significantly reduce the emission of hexanal. The most efficient compounds caused a 90% reduction after eight weeks. Their capacity to inhibit brightness reversion was limited.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Long-lasting Antioxidant Protection : A Regenerable BHA-Analogue
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 75:22, s. 7535-7541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction of an octyltelluro group ortho to the phenolic moiety in 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) was found to significantly improve the antioxidant characteristics of the material. In contrast to BHA and the corresponding ortho-substituted octylthio- (9c) and octylseleno (9b) derivatives, the organotellurium 9a was regenerable when assayed for its capacity to inhibit azo-initiated peroxidation of linoleic acid in a chlorobenzene/water two-phase system containing N-acetylcysteine as a stoichiometric reducing agent, and peroxyl radicals were quenched more efficiently than with α-tocopherol. In the homogeneous phase, inhibition of styrene autoxidation occurred with a rate constant kinh as large as 1 × 107 M-1 s-1 but with a low (n = 0.4) stoichiometric factor. Evans-Polanij plots of log (kinh) versus BDE(O-H), which are usually linear for phenols with similar steric crowding reacting by H-atom transfer, revealed that compound 9a was more than 2 orders of magnitude more reactive than expected. Although further mechanistic investigations are needed, it seems that the ortho-arrangement of an alkyltelluro group and hydroxyl should be considered a privileged structure for phenolic antioxidants.
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| 7. |
- Lundström, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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A Crisis in Swedish Child Welfare? On Risk, Control and Trust
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Work and Society. - 1613-8953. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent decades, Swedish out-of-home care has been criticised for a number of reasons. In this article, based on research and public debate, we discuss this criticism as well as the institutional responses that have been evoked. We use the concepts of risk, control and trust to structure the analysis, which outlines three core issues portrayed as problematic: a) certain principles of the Swedish child welfare system with relevance for the placement of children and adolescence, b) the quality of out-of-home care and c) the privatisation of out-of-home care and the possibility of generating profits on such services. The institutional response to the criticism has mainly been increased control measures, but the development is not uniform - trust and control-oriented responses are often combined. We conclude the article by relating Swedish out-of-home care to international child welfare trends, discussing the institutional responses and the implications for social work practice.
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| 8. |
- Pålsson, David, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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A professional field? Educational attainments, gender and age among staff in Swedish residential care
- 2023
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Ingår i: Residential Treatment for Children & Youth. - 0886-571X .- 1541-0358. ; 40:4, s. 497-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we discuss residential staff in Sweden. Here, residential care is part of the municipal child welfare system, which covers services targeting juvenile delinquency as well as other residential care services. Children and young people placed in Swedish residential care have diverse needs, from mainly supportive needs to advanced behavioral problems, and the field consists of open and secure residential care units. There is limited knowledge about the staff working in residential care. This article helps to fill this knowledge gap by giving an overall picture of staff educational attainments, age and gender in Swedish residential care between the years of 2008–2020. To reason about staff qualifications, we use theoretical concepts from sociological theory on professions. Findings show that residential care in Sweden can be analyzed as a pre- professional field, dominated by staff with low levels of educa-tion. In addition, we show that the field is dominated by women – even if the proportion of men is higher than in other areas of social work – and that the majority of staff are between 30 and 64 years old. Some differences between open and secure residential care were found, the most notable concerning edu-cational levels and gender.
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| 9. |
- Pålsson, David, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Missed opportunities? State licencing on the Swedish residential care market : [Förlorade möjligheter? Tillståndsgivning på marknaden för institutionsvård för barn]
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 24:3, s. 393-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many countries, residential care is subject to outsourcing and consequently, states are increasingly engaged in controlling activities. A central instrument is licencing; a procedure determining membership to markets. By analysing all formal applications submitted to the Swedish national Inspectorate between the years 2013–2016, the aim of the article is to describe the characteristics and influx of applicants as well as analysing how the inspectorate, conceptualised as a market agency, contributes to shape the residential care market. The findings show that applicants often are not forced to revise their care in conjunction with the licencing procedure, and slightly more than half of the applicants are granted a licence. Large companies are in general more successful than small companies, as are those presenting specialised target groups. The primary focus in licencing appears to be target group descriptions, management and ensuring the absence of methods with repressive elements. Licencing does not, or only to a limited extent, address issues such as schooling and health support, staffing levels, children’s contacts with the birth family, the scientific base of methods and measurement of client outcomes. The discussion focuses on how licencing contributes to the market formation as well as care aspects omitted in the controls.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Shanks, David, et al.
(författare)
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Design principles for a-tocopherol analogues
- 2006
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Ingår i: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 4, s. 846-852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An (RO)B3LYP/LANL2DZdp//B3LYP/LANL2DZ model for the prediction of the homolytic bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) and adiabatic ionisation potential (IP) of phenolic antiocidants containing heavy chalcogens has been developed. The model has been used to probe the relationship between geometry, chalcogen substitution and activity for a series of a-tocopherol analogues of varying ring size. From this, a series of design principles for cyclic antioxidants has emerged, embodied by the compound 4-hydroxy-2,2,3,5,6-pentamethylbenzoselenete (4c). This compound is predicted to have a BDE comparable to a-tocopherol, and should act in a dual chain-breaking and hydroperoxide-decomposing manner, by analogy with other selenide antioxidants. The stability of chalcogen-substituted benzoxetes was considered, and the as yet unsynthesised benzotelluretes are predicted to be stable. Finally, an attempt was made to determine antioxidant mechanism by considering calculated BDE and IP data together with experimental rate data.
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| 13. |
- Shanks, David, 1979-
(författare)
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Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Catalytic Chalcogenide Antioxidants
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes the design, synthesis and evaluation of novel chalcogenide antioxidants.A computational model for the prediction of antioxidant properties of chalcogen-containing antioxidants has been developed. The model has been used to probe the relationship between geometry, chalcogen substitution and activity for a series of α-tocopherol analogues of varying ring size and chalcogen substitution.A series of simple diaryltellurides and aryl-alkyl tellurides have been synthesised. The selenium analogue of α-tocopherol has been synthesised in eleven steps and 6.5% total yield, with formation of the selenacycle by homolytic substitution at selenium as the key step. Tentative steps have been taken towards the construction of the tellurotocopherol structure by microwave-assisted radical cyclisation methodologies.A combination of EPR and kinetic studies has been used to assess the antioxidant characteristics of selenotocopherol. A two-phase lipid peroxidation model revealed that the selenotocopherol is not catalytically regenerable. The same model has been used to assess the cooperativity of mixtures of tellurides with α-tocopherol and an aqueous thiol. It was seen that combinations of α-tocopherol with tellurides incorporating phenols displayed synergistic properties, and the mechanistic implications of this are discussed.DSC measurements have been used to assess the antioxidant activity of tellurides together with coantioxidants in melts of polypropylene. The tellurides display excellent activity together with thiol or a sterically hindered phenol antioxidant. In chemiluminescence studies performed at lower temperatures, the telluride mixtures still outperform commercial blends, but to a lesser extent. In a synthetic oil a telluride has demonstrated promising antioxidant properties together with a thiol or phenolic antioxidant. However, under more realistic test conditions the telluride acts instead as a prooxidant. Some tellurides have been evaluated as antioxidants in paper. Water-soluble tellurides appear to function better than lipophilic tellurides, but neither is comparable in activity to α-tocopherol.
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| 14. |
- Shanks, David, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Antioxidant Formulations for Polymeric Materials : Synergistic Protective Effects in Combinations of Organotellurium Compounds with Conventional Phenolic Antioxidants or Thiols
- 2003
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Ingår i: Polymer degradation and stability. - 0141-3910 .- 1873-2321. ; 81:2, s. 261-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As judged by differential scanning calorimetry experiments at 190 °C and chemiluminescence measurements at 150 °C, addition of 0.10–0.30 wt.% of certain organotellurium compounds to polypropylene caused a notable protection against oxidation of the material. The best stabilizers (diaryl telluride 3 and alkyl aryl telluride 4), offered a similar degree of protection as commercial stabilizer formulations comprising a mixture of Irganox® 1010 and Irgafos® 168 (0.1 wt.% of each). The protective effect of the organotelluriums was substantially improved in combinations with sterically hindered phenols or thiols. The protection was often much better than the added effects of the individual components and, thus, can be considered as synergistic. Evaluation of a series of stabilizers where tellurium had been exchanged for selenium and sulfur (compounds 2) showed that the synergistic protective effect was unique for tellurium.
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| 15. |
- Shanks, David, et al.
(författare)
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On the origin of cis selectivity in the cyclization of N-protected 2-substituted 3-aza-5-hexenyl radicals : a density functional study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 69:5, s. 1487-1491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclization of the N-dimethylphosphinoyl-2-methyl-3-aza-5-hexenyl radical has been studied at the UB3LYP/6-31+G(d)//UB3LYP/6-31G(d) hybrid density functional level. The corresponding radical precursor has been synthesized and found to give cis/trans ratios of up to 10/1 in reductive radical cyclizations. The relative energies of reactant and transition state conformers were determined. In discord with the Beckwith-Houk model, it has been found that chair-axial transition states, which lead to cis products, are lowest in energy, rationalizing the observed experimental diastereoselectivity.
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| 16. |
- Shanks, David, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the antioxidative properties of combinations of an organotellurium compound, BHT and thiol in oil
- 2006
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Ingår i: Lubrication Science. - : Wiley. - 0954-0075 .- 1557-6833. ; 18:2, s. 87-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differential scanning calorimetry experiments with an unsaturated polyolester oil at 190˚C showed that an organotellurium compound in combination with a thiol or a sterically hindered phenol (BHT) could act in a synergistic fashion to protect the material form oxidation. Under more realistic conditions for an oil antioxidant (elevated temperature in the presence of oxygen, water and a copper coil; rotating pressure vessel oxidation test) the antioxidant protection offered by BHT itself at similar concentrations. In order for the novel antioxidant systems to become useful for protection of oils and fluids, more robust organotellurium compounds must be prepared.
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| 17. |
- Shanks, David, et al.
(författare)
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The Synthesis and Antioxidant Profile of all-rac-α-Selenotocopherol
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 71:3, s. 1033-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- al-rac-a-Selenotocopherol (6c) has been synthesized in 11 steps in 6.6% total yield. Key steps include chloromethylation to approach the persubstituted aromatic 9b and cyclization of alcohol precursor 10 by radical homolytic substitution at selenium to form the selenotocopherol heterocycle. Determination of the OH bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) of 6c by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) equilibration techniques gave a value of 78.1 + 0.3 kcal mol -1, approximately 1 kcal mol-1 higher than that of a-tocopherol. Kinetic studies performed by measuring oxygen uptake of the induced oxidant of styrene in the presence of an antioxidant showed that selenotocopherol (6c) was a slightly poorer inhibitor than a-tocopherol, in agreement with the BDE values. In contrast to simpler selenotocopherol analogues, 6c was not regenerable in teh presence of a stoichiometric coreductant in two-phase lipid peroxidation model.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Uhlmann, Eric, L., et al.
(författare)
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Subjective Evidence Evaluation Survey For Multi-Analyst Studies
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multi-analyst studies explore how well an empirical claim withstands plausible alternative analyses of the same data set by multiple, independent analysis teams. Conclusions from these studies typically rely on a single outcome metric (e.g., effect size) provided by each analysis team. Although informative about the range of plausible effects in a data set, a single effect size from each team does not provide a complete, nuanced understanding of how analysis choices are related to the outcome. We used the Delphi consensus technique with input from 37 experts to develop an 18-item Subjective Evidence Evaluation Survey (SEES) to evaluate how each analysis team views the methodological appropriateness of the research design and the strength of evidence for the hypothesis. We illustrate the usefulness of the SEES in providing richer evidence assessment with pilot data from a previous multi-analyst study.
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| 20. |
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