| 1. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 2. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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| 3. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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IceCube-Gen2 : the window to the extreme Universe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 48:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The observation of electromagnetic radiation from radio to gamma-ray wavelengths has provided a wealth of information about the Universe. However, at PeV (10(15) eV) energies and above, most of the Universe is impenetrable to photons. New messengers, namely cosmic neutrinos, are needed to explore the most extreme environments of the Universe where black holes, neutron stars, and stellar explosions transform gravitational energy into non-thermal cosmic rays. These energetic particles have millions of times higher energies than those produced in the most powerful particle accelerators on Earth. As neutrinos can escape from regions otherwise opaque to radiation, they allow an unique view deep into exploding stars and the vicinity of the event horizons of black holes. The discovery of cosmic neutrinos with IceCube has opened this new window on the Universe. IceCube has been successful in finding first evidence for cosmic particle acceleration in the jet of an active galactic nucleus. Yet, ultimately, its sensitivity is too limited to detect even the brightest neutrino sources with high significance, or to detect populations of less luminous sources. In this white paper, we present an overview of a next-generation instrument, IceCube-Gen2, which will sharpen our understanding of the processes and environments that govern the Universe at the highest energies. IceCube-Gen2 is designed to: (a) Resolve the high-energy neutrino sky from TeV to EeV energies (b) Investigate cosmic particle acceleration through multi-messenger observations (c) Reveal the sources and propagation of the highest energy particles in the Universe (d) Probe fundamental physics with high-energy neutrinos IceCube-Gen2 will enhance the existing IceCube detector at the South Pole. It will increase the annual rate of observed cosmic neutrinos by a factor of ten compared to IceCube, and will be able to detect sources five times fainter than its predecessor. Furthermore, through the addition of a radio array, IceCube-Gen2 will extend the energy range by several orders of magnitude compared to IceCube. Construction will take 8 years and cost about $350M. The goal is to have IceCube-Gen2 fully operational by 2033. IceCube-Gen2 will play an essential role in shaping the new era of multi-messenger astronomy, fundamentally advancing our knowledge of the high-energy Universe. This challenging mission can be fully addressed only through the combination of the information from the neutrino, electromagnetic, and gravitational wave emission of high-energy sources, in concert with the new survey instruments across the electromagnetic spectrum and gravitational wave detectors which will be available in the coming years.
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| 4. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A Combined Fit of the Diffuse Neutrino Spectrum using IceCube Muon Tracks and Cascades
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021). - Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube Neutrino Observatory first observed a diffuse flux of high energy astrophysical neutrinos in 2013. Since then, this observation has been confirmed in multiple detection channels such as high energy starting events, cascades, and through-going muon tracks. Combining these event selections into a high statistics global fit of 10 years of IceCube's neutrino data could strongly improve the understanding of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux: challenging or confirming the simple unbroken power-law flux model as well as the astrophysical neutrino flux composition. One key component of such a combined analysis is the consistent modelling of systematic uncertainties of different event selections. This can be achieved using the novel SnowStorm Monte Carlo method which allows constraints to be placed on multiple systematic parameters from a single simulation set. We will report on the status of a new combined analysis of through-going muon tracks and cascades. It is based on a consistent all flavor neutrino signal and background simulation using, for the first time, the SnowStorm method to analyze IceCube's high-energy neutrino data. Estimated sensitivities for the energy spectrum of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux will be shown.
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| 5. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A convolutional neural network based cascade reconstruction for the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1748-0221. ; 16:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continued improvements on existing reconstruction methods are vital to the success of high-energy physics experiments, such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. In IceCube, further challenges arise as the detector is situated at the geographic South Pole where computational resources are limited. However, to perform real-time analyses and to issue alerts to telescopes around the world, powerful and fast reconstruction methods are desired. Deep neural networks can be extremely powerful, and their usage is computationally inexpensive once the networks are trained. These characteristics make a deep learning-based approach an excellent candidate for the application in IceCube. A reconstruction method based on convolutional architectures and hexagonally shaped kernels is presented. The presented method is robust towards systematic uncertainties in the simulation and has been tested on experimental data. In comparison to standard reconstruction methods in IceCube, it can improve upon the reconstruction accuracy, while reducing the time necessary to run the reconstruction by two to three orders of magnitude.
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| 6. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A model-independent analysis of neutrino flares detected in IceCube from X-ray selected blazars
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC2021. - Trieste, Italy : Proceedings of Science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blazars are among the most powerful steady sources in the Universe. Multi-messenger searches for blazars have traditionally focused on their gamma-ray emission, which can be produced simultaneously with neutrinos in photohadronic interactions. However, X-ray data can be equally vital to constrain the SED of these sources, since the hadronically co-produced gamma-rays could get absorbed by the ambient photon fields and cascade down to X-ray energies before escaping. In this work, we present the outline for an untriggered, time-dependent analysis of neutrino flares from the direction of X-ray selected blazars using 10 years of IceCube data. A binomial test will be performed on the population to reveal if a subcategory of sources has statistically significant emission. The sources are selected from RomaBZCat, and the p-values and best-fit flare parameters are obtained for each source using the method of unbinned likelihood maximisation.
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| 7. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A New Search for Neutrino Point Sources with IceCube
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021). - Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, deployed inside the deep glacial ice at the South Pole, is the largest neutrino telescope in the world. While eight years have passed since IceCube discovered a diffuse flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, the sources of the vast majority of these neutrinos remain unknown. Here, we present a new search for neutrino point sources that improves the accuracy of the statistical analysis, especially in the low energy regime. We replaced the usual Gaussian approximations of IceCube's point spread function with precise numerical representations, obtained from simulations, and combined them with new machine learning-based estimates of event energies and angular errors. Depending on the source properties, the new analysis provides improved source localization, flux characterization and thereby discovery potential (by up to 30%) over previous works. The analysis will be applied to IceCube data that has been recorded with the full 86-string detector configuration from 2011 to 2020 and includes improved detector calibration.
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| 8. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A next-generation optical sensor for IceCube-Gen2
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC2021. - Trieste, Italy : Proceedings of Science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the in-ice component of the next generation neutrino observatory at the South Pole, IceCube-Gen2, a new sensor module is being developed, which is an evolution of the D-Egg and mDOM sensors developed for the IceCube Upgrade. The sensor design features up to 18 4-inch PMTs distributed homogeneously in a borosilicate glass pressure vessel. Challenges arise for the mechanical design from the tight constraints on the bore hole diameter (which will be 2 inches smaller than for IceCube Upgrade) and from the close packing of the PMTs. The electronics design must meet the space constraints posed by the mechanical design as well as the power consumption and cost considerations from over 10,000 optical modules being deployed. This contribution presents forward-looking solutions to these design considerations. Prototype modules will be installed and integrated in the IceCube Upgrade.
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| 9. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A novel microstructure-based model to explain the IceCube ice anisotropy
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC2021. - Trieste, Italy : Proceedings of Science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube Neutrino Observatory instruments about 1 km(3) of deep, glacial ice at the geographic South Pole using 5160 photomultipliers to detect Cherenkov light of charged relativistic particles. Most of IceCube's science goals rely heavily on an ever more precise understanding of the optical properties of the instrumented ice. A curious light propagation effect observed by the experiment is an anisotropic attenuation, which is aligned with the local flow of the ice. Having recently identified curved photon trajectories resulting from asymmetric light diffusion in the birefringent polycrystalline microstructure of the ice as the most likely underlying cause of this effect, work is now ongoing to optimize the model parameters (effectively deducing the average crystal size and shape in the detector). We present the parametrization of the birefringence effect in our photon propagation simulation, the fitting procedures and results as well as the impact of the new ice model on data-MC agreement.
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| 10. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A Posterior Analysis on IceCube Double Pulse Tau Neutrino Candidates
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021. - Trieste, Italy : Proceedings of Science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole detects Cherenkov light emitted by charged secondary particles created by primary neutrino interactions. Double pulse waveforms can arise from charged current interactions of astrophysical tau neutrinos with nucleons in the ice and the subsequent decay of tau leptons. The previous 8-year tau double pulse analysis found three tau neutrino candidate events. Among them, the most promising one observed in 2014 is located very near the dust layer in the middle of the detector. A posterior analysis on this event will be presented in this paper, using a new ice model treatment with continuously varying nuisance parameters to do the targeted Monte Carlo re-simulation for tau and other background neutrino ensembles. The impact of different ice models on the expected signal and background statistics will also be discussed.
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| 11. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A Search for Coincident Neutrino Emission from Fast Radio Bursts with Seven Years of IceCube Cascade Events
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 946:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a search for neutrinos that are spatially and temporally coincident with 22 unique, nonrepeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) and one repeating FRB (FRB 121102). FRBs are a rapidly growing class of Galactic and extragalactic astrophysical objects that are considered a potential source of high-energy neutrinos. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory's previous FRB analyses have solely used track events. This search utilizes seven years of IceCube cascade events which are statistically independent of track events. This event selection allows probing of a longer range of extended timescales due to the low background rate. No statistically significant clustering of neutrinos was observed. Upper limits are set on the time-integrated neutrino flux emitted by FRBs for a range of extended time windows.
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| 12. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A Search for IceCube Sub-TeV Neutrinos Correlated with Gravitational-wave Events Detected By LIGO/Virgo
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 959:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The LIGO/Virgo collaboration published the catalogs GWTC-1, GWTC-2.1, and GWTC-3 containing candidate gravitational-wave (GW) events detected during its runs O1, O2, and O3. These GW events can be possible sites of neutrino emission. In this paper, we present a search for neutrino counterparts of 90 GW candidates using IceCube DeepCore, the low-energy infill array of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The search is conducted using an unbinned maximum likelihood method, within a time window of 1000 s, and uses the spatial and timing information from the GW events. The neutrinos used for the search have energies ranging from a few GeV to several tens of TeV. We do not find any significant emission of neutrinos, and place upper limits on the flux and the isotropic-equivalent energy emitted in low-energy neutrinos. We also conduct a binomial test to search for source populations potentially contributing to neutrino emission. We report a nondetection of a significant neutrino-source population with this test.
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| 13. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A Search for Neutrinos from Decaying Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters and Galaxies with IceCube
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC2021. - : Proceedings of Science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The observed dark matter abundance in the Universe can be explained with non-thermal, heavy dark matter models. In order for dark matter to still be present today, its lifetime has to far exceed the age of the Universe. In these scenarios, dark matter decay can produce highly energetic neutrinos, along with other Standard Model particles. To date, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is the world's largest neutrino telescope, located at the geographic South Pole. In 2013, the IceCube collaboration reported the first observation of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. Since then, IceCube has collected a large amount of astrophysical neutrino data with energies up to tens of PeV, allowing us to probe the heavy dark matter models using neutrinos. We search the IceCube data for neutrinos from decaying dark matter in galaxy clusters and galaxies. The targeted dark matter masses range from 10 TeV to 10 PeV. In this contribution, we present the method and sensitivities of the analysis.
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| 14. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A time-independent search for neutrinos from galaxy clusters with IceCube
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021). - Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clusters of galaxies - with their turbulent magnetic fields and abundant matter content - are a promising class of potential neutrino sources. Cosmic rays accelerated within the large-scale shocks, Active GalacticNuclei (AGN), or both can be confined in galaxy clusters over cosmological timescales and produce a steady flux of neutrinos in secondary interactions. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has detected a diffuse flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. After ten years of operations, however, the origin of this flux remains largely unconstrained. In this work, we perform a stacked search for neutrinos, using a population of over one thousand galaxy clusters detected by the Planck Satellite via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect up to a redshift z = 1. We present the first results on the contribution of galaxy clusters to the diffuse neutrino flux and discuss the implications for various models of cosmic-ray acceleration in large-scale structures.
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| 15. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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A Time-Variability Test for Candidate Neutrino Sources Observed with IceCube
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021). - Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies with IceCube have shown signs of a time-integrated flux of astrophysical neutrinos from point-like sources such as TXS 0506+056 and NGC 1068. Time-variability of this neutrino emission from TXS 0506+056 has been studied extensively by assuming a temporal profile of the possible flare(s) or searching for temporal neutrino correlation with other electromagnetic counterparts. However, experimental evidence of the temporal profile of an astrophysical neutrino signal, besides the TXS 0506+056 source, remains lacking. In this study, we present a new KS-test based method for investigating time-variability. This new method complements the existing time-dependent search methods with a test for arbitrary time-variability, independent of an assumed temporal profile or electromagnetic counterpart. Additionally, this method provides a diagnostic tool for characterizing point-like source candidates in IceCube by distinguishing variable from steady neutrino emission and we show results of applying this method to a small catalog of candidate blazars.
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| 16. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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All-flavor constraints on nonstandard neutrino interactions and generalized matter potential with three years of IceCube DeepCore data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 104:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report constraints on nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI) from the observation of atmospheric neutrinos with IceCube, limiting all individual coupling strengths from a single dataset. Furthermore, IceCube is the first experiment to constrain flavor-violating and nonuniversal couplings simultaneously. Hypothetical NSI are generically expected to arise due to the exchange of a new heavy mediator particle. Neutrinos propagating in matter scatter off fermions in the forward direction with negligible momentum transfer. Hence the study of the matter effect on neutrinos propagating in the Earth is sensitive to NSI independently of the energy scale of new physics. We present constraints on NSI obtained with an all-flavor event sample of atmospheric neutrinos based on three years of IceCube DeepCore data. The analysis uses neutrinos arriving from all directions, with reconstructed energies between 5.6 GeV and 100 GeV. We report constraints on the individual NSI coupling strengths considered singly, allowing for complex phases in the case of flavor-violating couplings. This demonstrates that IceCube is sensitive to the full NSI flavor structure at a level competitive with limits from the global analysis of all other experiments. In addition, we investigate a generalized matter potential, whose overall scale and flavor structure are also constrained.
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| 17. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis framework for Multi-messenger Astronomy with IceCube
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC2021. - Trieste, Italy : Proceedings of Science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining observational data from multiple instruments for multi-messenger astronomy can be challenging due to the complexity of the instrument response functions and likelihood calculation. We introduce a python-based unbinned-likelihood analysis package called i3mla (IceCube Maximum Likelihood Analysis). i3mla is designed to be compatible with the Multi-Mission Maximum Likelihood (3ML) framework, which enables multi-messenger astronomy analyses by combining the likelihood across different instruments. By making it possible to use IceCube data in the 3ML framework, we aim to facilitate the use of neutrino data in multi-messenger astronomy. In this work we illustrate how to use the i3mla package with 3ML and present preliminary sensitivities using the i3mla package and 3ML through a joint-fit with HAWC Public dataset.
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| 18. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Camera Calibration for the IceCube Upgrade and Gen2
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021). - Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An upgrade to the IceCube Neutrino Telescope is currently under construction. For this IceCube Upgrade, seven new strings will be deployed in the central region of the 86 string IceCube detector to enhance the capability to detect neutrinos in the GeV range. One of the main science objectives of the IceCube Upgrade is an improved calibration of the IceCube detector to reduce systematic uncertainties related to the optical properties of the ice. We have developed a novel optical camera and illumination system that will be part of 700 newly developed optical modules to be deployed with the IceCube Upgrade. A combination of transmission and reflection photographic measurements will be used to measure the optical properties of bulk ice between strings and refrozen ice in the drill hole, to determine module positions, and to survey the local ice environments surrounding the sensor module. In this contribution we present the production design, acceptance testing, and plan for post-deployment calibration measurements with the camera system.
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| 19. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the PeV astrophysical neutrino energy spectrum with IceCube using down-going tracks
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC2021. - Trieste, Italy : Proceedings of Science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has observed a diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos with energies from TeV to a few PeV. Recent IceCube analyses have limited sensitivity to PeV neutrinos because upward-going neutrino fluxes are attenuated by the Earth while the Extremely High Energy (EHE) result targets cosmogenic neutrinos only above 10 PeV. In this work, we present a new event selection that fills the gap between 1 PeV and 10 PeV. This sample is obtained by selecting high-energy down-going through-going tracks from 8 years of data. To reduce the atmospheric muon backgrounds and achieve a high signal-to-background ratio, we combine two techniques. The first technique selects events with high stochasticity because single muons created by neutrinos lose energy more stochastically than atmospheric muon bundles whose energy losses are smoothened due to large muon multiplicities. The second technique uses the IceTop surface array as a veto of atmospheric background events. To characterize the astrophysical neutrino flux and test the existence of a cut-off in the neutrino energy spectrum at a few PeV, a global fit will be performed by combining this sample with results from the 7-year High Energy Starting Events (HESE) analysis.
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| 20. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Combining Maximum-Likelihood with Deep Learning for Event Reconstruction in IceCube
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021). - Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of deep learning has become increasingly important for particle physics experiments, yielding a multitude of advances, predominantly in event classification and reconstruction tasks. Many of these applications have been adopted from other domains. However, data in the field of physics are unique in the context of machine learning, insofar as their generation process and the laws and symmetries they abide by are usually well understood. Most commonly used deep learning architectures fail at utilizing this available information. In contrast, more traditional likelihood-based methods are capable of exploiting domain knowledge, but they are often limited by computational complexity.In this contribution, a hybrid approach is presented that utilizes generative neural networks to approximate the likelihood, which may then be used in a traditional maximum-likelihood setting. Domain knowledge, such as invariances and detector characteristics, can easily be incorporated in this approach. The hybrid approach is illustrated by the example of event reconstruction in IceCube.
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| 21. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Completing Aganta Kairos : Capturing Metaphysical Time on the Seventh Continent
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021). - Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an overview of the art project Aganta Kairos (To Fish the Metaphysical Time). This project celebrates the neutrino-the ghost particle-which scientists consider a cosmic messenger and the artist regards as a link between people who care about their relationship to the cosmos and question their origins. The artwork is based on a performance of celebration and seeks to build a human community that encompasses different knowledge domains and interpretations of the universe. This intersection of knowledge is realized during the performance of placing a plaque, held with witnesses, and during subsequent exhibitions. Images, sounds, videos, and sculpture testify to the diversity of approaches to questioning our origins, ranging from traditional western science to ancient shamanism. The sites were selected for their global coverage and, for the South Pole, Mediterranean, and Lake Baikal, their connection to ongoing neutrino experiments. In December 2020, a plaque was installed at the South Pole IceCube Laboratory, the seventh and final site. We provide examples of images and links to additional images and videos.
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| 22. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Constraining Non-Standard Dark Matter-Nucleon Interactions with IceCube
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC2021. - : Proceedings of science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- After scattering off nuclei in the Sun, dark matter particles can be gravitationally captured by the Sun, accumulate in the Sun's core and annihilate into Standard Model particles. Neutrinos originating from these annihilations can be detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, located at the South Pole. Due to the non-observation of these neutrinos, constraints on the standard spin-dependent and spin-independent dark matter-nucleon scattering cross sections have been placed. Based on these constraints, we present upper limits on the coupling constants of the non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions, including velocity and momentum dependent interactions.
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| 23. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Constraints on Populations of Neutrino Sources from Searches in the Directions of IceCube Neutrino Alerts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 951:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beginning in 2016, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory has sent out alerts in real time containing the information of high-energy (E & GSIM; 100 TeV) neutrino candidate events with moderate to high (& GSIM;30%) probability of astrophysical origin. In this work, we use a recent catalog of such alert events, which, in addition to events announced in real time, includes events that were identified retroactively and covers the time period of 2011-2020. We also search for additional, lower-energy neutrinos from the arrival directions of these IceCube alerts. We show how performing such an analysis can constrain the contribution of rare populations of cosmic neutrino sources to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux. After searching for neutrino emission coincident with these alert events on various timescales, we find no significant evidence of either minute-scale or day-scale transient neutrino emission or of steady neutrino emission in the direction of these alert events. This study also shows how numerous a population of neutrino sources has to be to account for the complete astrophysical neutrino flux. Assuming that sources have the same luminosity, an E (-2.5) neutrino spectrum, and number densities that follow star formation rates, the population of sources has to be more numerous than 7 x 10(-9) Mpc(-3). This number changes to 3 x 10(-7) Mpc(-3) if number densities instead have no cosmic evolution.
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| 24. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 106:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a measurement of the density of GeV muons in near-vertical air showers using three years of data recorded by the IceTop array at the South Pole. Depending on the shower size, the muon densities have been measured at lateral distances between 200 and 1000 m. From these lateral distributions, we derive the muon densities as functions of energy at reference distances of 600 and 800 m for primary energies between 2.5 and 40 PeV and between 9 and 120 PeV, respectively. The muon densities are determined using, as a baseline, the hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.1 together with various composition models. The measurements are consistent with the predicted muon densities within these baseline interaction and composition models. The measured muon densities have also been compared to simulations using the postLHC models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04. The result of this comparison is that the post-LHC models together with any given composition model yield higher muon densities than observed. This is in contrast to the observations above 1 EeV where all model simulations yield for any mass composition lower muon densities than the measured ones. The post-LHC models in general feature higher muon densities so that the agreement with experimental data at the highest energies is improved but the muon densities are not correct in the energy range between 2.5 and about 100 PeV.
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| 25. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Deployment of the IceCube Upgrade Camera System in the SPICEcore hole
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021). - Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IceCube is a cubic-kilometer scale neutrino telescope located at the geographic South Pole. The detector utilizes the extremely transparent Antarctic ice as a medium for detecting Cherenkov radiation from neutrino interactions. While the optical properties of the glacial ice are generally well modeled and understood, the uncertainties which remain are still the dominant source of systematic uncertainties for many IceCube analyses. A camera and LED system is being built for the IceCube Upgrade that will enable the observation of optical properties throughout the Upgrade array. The SPICEcore hole, a 1.7 km deep ice-core hole located near the IceCube detector, has given the opportunity to test the performance of the camera system ahead of the Upgrade construction. In this contribution, we present the results of the camera and LED system deployment during the 2019/2020 austral summer season as part of a SPICEcore luminescence logger system.
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