| 1. |
- Kia, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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MicroRNA-122 : a novel hepatocyte-enriched in vitro marker of drug-induced cellular toxicity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Toxicological Sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1096-6080 .- 1096-0929. ; 144:1, s. 173-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging hepatic models for the study of drug-induced toxicity include pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and complex hepatocyte-non-parenchymal cellular coculture to mimic the complex multicellular interactions that recapitulate the niche environment in the human liver. However, a specific marker of hepatocyte perturbation, required to discriminate hepatocyte damage from non-specific cellular toxicity contributed by non-hepatocyte cell types or immature differentiated cells is currently lacking, as the cytotoxicity assays routinely used in in vitro toxicology research depend on intracellular molecules which are ubiquitously present in all eukaryotic cell types. In this study, we demonstrate that microRNA-122 (miR-122) detection in cell culture media can be used as a hepatocyte-enriched in vitro marker of drug-induced toxicity in homogeneous cultures of hepatic cells, and a cell-specific marker of toxicity of hepatic cells in heterogeneous cultures such as HLCs generated from various differentiation protocols and pluripotent stem cell lines, where conventional cytotoxicity assays using generic cellular markers may not be appropriate. We show that the sensitivity of the miR-122 cytotoxicity assay is similar to conventional assays that measure lactate dehydrogenase activity and intracellular adenosine triphosphate when applied in hepatic models with high levels of intracellular miR-122, and can be multiplexed with other assays. MiR-122 as a biomarker also has the potential to bridge results in in vitro experiments to in vivo animal models and human samples using the same assay, and to link findings from clinical studies in determining the relevance of in vitro models being developed for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
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| 3. |
- Petersson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The Production of a Memorial Place: Materialising Expressions of Grief
- 2010
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Ingår i: Deathscapes: Spaces for Death, Dying, Mourning and Remembrance. - : Routledge. - 9780754679752 ; , s. 141-159
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter will look at why, how and in what way a spontaneous memorial may develop: from an immediate act to a more planned place of grief and remembrance (Clark and Franzmann 2006, Nieminen Kristofersson 2006, Klaasens, Groote and Huigen 2009). Of special importance for this investigation are the noticeable differences in attitudes to and growths of roadside memorials revealed by data gleaned from interviews that I conducted with informants in 2005 on the subject of recent Swedish roadside memorialisation. As well as the various viewpoints on the production of memorials on public ground found in two applications requesting to erect memorials on sites of individual deaths in the city of Malmö, Sweden, sent to and responded by the Streets and Parks Department in Malmö. In order to illustrate these perspectives this text will start with presenting some examples from the 2005 interview survey. Thereafter a presentation of the two requests, and the statements issued to them, will be made. I will then move on to discuss the given examples in the light of the anthropologist Jean-Pierre Warnier’s idea of ‘the three media of symbolization’ (Warnier 2001), dealing with the internalisation of a difficult experience in the past, and the philosopher and psychoanalyst Julia Kristeva’s theory of abjection (Kristeva 1982), working on the exclusion and rejection of that which is threatening. In this discussion, I will forefront the material world as an important media for expressing, communicating, experiencing and understanding loss and bereavement (Aynsley, Breward and Kwint 1999, Hallam and Hockey 2001, Valentine 2008: 114–23).
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