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- Olalde, I., et al.
(författare)
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The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 555:7695, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.
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- Geneid, A., et al.
(författare)
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Union of the European Phoniatricians position statement on the exit strategy of phoniatric and laryngological services: staying safe and getting back to normal after the peak of coronavirus disease 2019 (issued on 25th May 2020)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Laryngology and Otology. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0022-2151 .- 1748-5460. ; 134:8, s. 661-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The following position statement from the Union of the European Phoniatricians, updated on 25th May 2020 (superseding the previous statement issued on 21st April 2020), contains a series of recommendations for phoniatricians and ENT surgeons who provide and/or run voice, swallowing, speech and language, or paediatric audiology services. Objectives This material specifically aims to inform clinical practices in countries where clinics and operating theatres are reopening for elective work. It endeavours to present a current European view in relation to common procedures, many of which fall under the aegis of aerosol generating procedures. Conclusion As evidence continues to build, some of the recommended practices will undoubtedly evolve, but it is hoped that the updated position statement will offer clinicians precepts on safe clinical practice.
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- Zhou, A, et al.
(författare)
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Habitual coffee consumption and cognitive function: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in up to 415,530 participants
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1, s. 7526-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coffee’s long-term effect on cognitive function remains unclear with studies suggesting both benefits and adverse effects. We used Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal relationship between habitual coffee consumption and cognitive function in mid- to later life. This included up to 415,530 participants and 300,760 coffee drinkers from 10 meta-analysed European ancestry cohorts. In each cohort, composite cognitive scores that capture global cognition and memory were computed using available tests. A genetic score derived using CYP1A1/2 (rs2472297) and AHR (rs6968865) was chosen as a proxy for habitual coffee consumption. Null associations were observed when examining the associations of the genetic score with global and memory cognition (β = −0.0007, 95% C.I. −0.009 to 0.008, P = 0.87; β = −0.001, 95% C.I. −0.005 to 0.002, P = 0.51, respectively), with high consistency between studies (Pheterogeneity > 0.4 for both). Domain specific analyses using available cognitive measures in the UK Biobank also did not support effects by habitual coffee intake for reaction time, pairs matching, reasoning or prospective memory (P ≥ 0.05 for all). Despite the power to detect very small effects, our meta-analysis provided no evidence for causal long-term effects of habitual coffee consumption on global cognition or memory.
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- Hayden, JA, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise treatment effect modifiers in persistent low back pain: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 3514 participants from 27 randomised controlled trials
- 2020
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Ingår i: British journal of sports medicine. - : BMJ. - 1473-0480 .- 0306-3674. ; 54:21, s. 1277-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Exercise therapy is widely recommended to treat persistent non-specific low back pain. While evidence suggests exercise is, on average, moderately effective, there remains uncertainty about which individuals might benefit the most from exercise.MethodsIn parallel with a Cochrane review update, we requested individual participant data (IPD) from high-quality randomised clinical trials of adults with our two primary outcomes of interest, pain and functional limitations, and calculated global recovery. We compiled a master data set including baseline participant characteristics, exercise and comparison characteristics, and outcomes at short-term, moderate-term and long-term follow-up. We conducted descriptive analyses and one-stage IPD meta-analysis using multilevel mixed-effects regression of the overall treatment effect and prespecified potential treatment effect modifiers.ResultsWe received IPD for 27 trials (3514 participants). For studies included in this analysis, compared with no treatment/usual care, exercise therapy on average reduced pain (mean effect/100 (95% CI) −10.7 (−14.1 to –7.4)), a result compatible with a clinically important 20% smallest worthwhile effect. Exercise therapy reduced functional limitations with a clinically important 23% improvement (mean effect/100 (95% CI) −10.2 (−13.2 to –7.3)) at short-term follow-up. Not having heavy physical demands at work and medication use for low back pain were potential treatment effect modifiers—these were associated with superior exercise outcomes relative to non-exercise comparisons. Lower body mass index was also associated with better outcomes in exercise compared with no treatment/usual care. This study was limited by inconsistent availability and measurement of participant characteristics.ConclusionsThis study provides potentially useful information to help treat patients and design future studies of exercise interventions that are better matched to specific subgroups.Protocol publicationhttps://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-1-64
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- Lindblom, P, et al.
(författare)
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Tesaglitazar, a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist, hamster carcinogenicity, investigative animal and clinical studies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Toxicologic pathology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1533-1601 .- 0192-6233. ; 40:1, s. 18-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tesaglitazar was developed as a dual peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPARα/γ). To support the clinical program, a hamster carcinogenicity study was performed. The only neoplastic findings possibly related to treatment with tesaglitazar were low incidences of hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma in the liver of male animals. A high-power, two-year investigative study with interim necropsies was performed to further elucidate these findings. Treatment with tesaglitazar resulted in changes typical for exaggerated PPARα pharmacology in rodents, such as hepatocellular hypertrophy and hepatocellular carcinoma, but not an increased frequency of hemangiosarcomas. At the highest dose level, there was an increased incidence of sinusoidal dilatation and hemangiomas. No increased endothelial cell (EC) proliferation was detected in vivo, which was confirmed by in vitro administration to ECs. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses indicated increased cellular stress and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the liver, which may have contributed to the sinusoidal dilatation. A two-fold increase in the level of circulating VEGF was detected in the hamster at all dose levels, whereas no effect on VEGF was observed in patients treated with tesaglitazar. In conclusion, investigations have demonstrated that tesaglitazar does not produce hemangiosarcomas in hamster despite a slight effect on vascular morphology in the liver.
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- Sjogren, J. J., et al.
(författare)
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The frequency and characteristics of pain and discomfort associated with root filled teeth: a practice-based study
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Endodontic Journal. - : Wiley. - 0143-2885 .- 1365-2591. ; 52:9, s. 1264-1273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To (i) investigate the frequency and characteristics of pain and discomfort associated with root filled teeth in adult patients regularly attending the Public Dental Service in orebro County, Sweden; (ii) assess the association between symptoms and clinical and radiographic findings; and (iii) explore the impact of pain and discomfort from root filled teeth on daily life. Methodology Patient records of adult patients (>= 20 years) scheduled for routine check-ups in April 2015 were screened to identify individuals with root filled teeth; all patients with >= 1 root filled tooth were asked to participate. The examination comprised of clinical and radiographic examinations and questionnaires on general health, on pain symptoms from root filled teeth and on the impact of pain on daily activities. In a general estimating equation (GEE), examination findings and patient-related factors were independently analysed in relation to the outcome 'presence of pain'. Results In total, 550 patients with 1256 root filled teeth participated. Fifty-three patients (9.6%) experienced pain or discomfort from 62 (4.9%) root filled teeth. Lower age, percussion tenderness and apical tenderness were significantly associated with pain (P > 0.001 to P = 0.044). The average pain intensity was 2.1 on a (0-10) Numeric Rating Scale, and average duration was 28.4 months. The impact on daily life was low. Conclusions On average, pain associated with root filled teeth was of mild intensity, >2 years of duration and had low impact on daily life. Although the significantly associated clinical findings may indicate apical periodontitis as the most probable explanation in some teeth, the origin of pain from root filled teeth remains partly unexplained.
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- Wittbom, C., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of solubility limitation on hygroscopic growth and cloud drop activation of SOA particles produced from traffic exhausts
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-7764 .- 1573-0662. ; 75:4, s. 359-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hygroscopicity measurements of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles often show inconsistent results between the supersaturated and subsaturated regimes, with higher activity as cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) than indicated by hygroscopic growth. In this study, we have investigated the discrepancy between the two regimes in the Lund University (LU) smog chamber. Various anthropogenic SOA were produced from mixtures of different precursors: anthropogenic light aromatic precursors (toluene and m-xylene), exhaust from a diesel passenger vehicle spiked with the light aromatic precursors, and exhaust from two different gasoline-powered passenger vehicles. Three types of seed particles were used: soot aggregates from a diesel vehicle, soot aggregates from a flame soot generator and ammonium sulphate (AS) particles. The hygroscopicity of seed particles with condensed, photochemically produced, anthropogenic SOA was investigated with respect to critical supersaturation (sc) and hygroscopic growth factor (gf) at 90% relative humidity. The hygroscopicity parameter κ was calculated for the two regimes: κsc and κgf, from measurements of sc and gf, respectively. The two κ showed significant discrepancies, with a κgf /κsc ratio closest to one for the gasoline experiments with ammonium sulphate seed and lower for the soot seed experiments. Empirical observations of sc and gf were compared to theoretical predictions, using modified Köhler theory where water solubility limitations were taken into account. The results indicate that the inconsistency between measurements in the subsaturated and supersaturated regimes may be explained by part of the organic material in the particles produced from anthropogenic precursors having a limited solubility in water.
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