| 1. |
- Gaupp-Berghausen, M, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of different recruitment methods: Longitudinal, web-based, pan-european physical activity through sustainable transport approaches (PASTA) project
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 21:5, s. e11492-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sufficient sample size and minimal sample bias are core requirements for empirical data analyses. Combining opportunistic recruitment with a Web-based survey and data-collection platform yields new benefits over traditional recruitment approaches. Objective: This paper aims to report the success of different recruitment methods and obtain data on participants' characteristics, participation behavior, recruitment rates, and representativeness of the sample. Methods: A longitudinal, Web-based survey was implemented as part of the European PASTA (Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches) project, between November 2014 and December 2016. During this period, participants were recruited from 7 European cities on a rolling basis. A standardized guide on recruitment strategy was developed for all cities, to reach a sufficient number of adult participants. To make use of the strengths and minimize weakness, a combination of different opportunistic recruitment methods was applied. In addition, the random sampling approach was applied in the city of Örebro. To reduce the attrition rate and improve real-time monitoring, the Web-based platform featured a participant's and a researchers' user interface and dashboard. Results: Overall, 10,691 participants were recruited; most people found out about the survey through their workplace or employer (2300/10691, 21.51%), outreach promotion (2219/10691, 20.76%), and social media (1859/10691, 17.39%). The average number of questionnaires filled in per participant varied significantly between the cities (P<.001), with the highest number in Zurich (11.0, SE 0.33) and the lowest in Örebro (4.8, SE 0.17). Collaboration with local organizations, the use of Facebook and mailing lists, and direct street recruitment were the most effective approaches in reaching a high share of participants.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Jarvis, Erich D., et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 346:6215, s. 1320-1331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Mölne, Johan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Vascularization of normal human thyroid tissue transplanted to nude mice.
- 1987
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Ingår i: Experimental cell biology. - 0304-3568. ; 55:2, s. 104-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vascularization of normal human thyroid tissue transplanted to nude, athymic mice was examined by light, electron microscopy and autoradiography after continuous infusion of 3H-thymidine during 2, 4 and 6 days after transplantation. Labelled vascular sprouts were found in the surrounding host connective tissue after 2 days, in between peripheral follicles after 4 days and in central parts of the transplants after 6 days. The autoradiographic observations indicate that the sprouts originated from the surrounding host tissue. The amount of sprouts increased up to a maximum after 2 weeks of transplantation. At this time large interfollicular areas were occupied by sprouts. At later observations (3-5 weeks) sprouts occurred together with typical fenestrated capillaries. After 7 weeks all sprouts had differentiated into mature vessels. Our observations suggest that the transplanted thyroid tissue induces the formation of vascular sprouts in the surrounding host connective tissue. The sprouts then penetrate and vascularize the thyroid tissue.
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| 6. |
- Warren, Wesley C, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of a songbird
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 464:7289, s. 757-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The zebra finch is an important model organism in several fields with unique relevance to human neuroscience. Like other songbirds, the zebra finch communicates through learned vocalizations, an ability otherwise documented only in humans and a few other animals and lacking in the chicken-the only bird with a sequenced genome until now. Here we present a structural, functional and comparative analysis of the genome sequence of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), which is a songbird belonging to the large avian order Passeriformes. We find that the overall structures of the genomes are similar in zebra finch and chicken, but they differ in many intrachromosomal rearrangements, lineage-specific gene family expansions, the number of long-terminal-repeat-based retrotransposons, and mechanisms of sex chromosome dosage compensation. We show that song behaviour engages gene regulatory networks in the zebra finch brain, altering the expression of long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, transcription factors and their targets. We also show evidence for rapid molecular evolution in the songbird lineage of genes that are regulated during song experience. These results indicate an active involvement of the genome in neural processes underlying vocal communication and identify potential genetic substrates for the evolution and regulation of this behaviour.
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| 7. |
- Alenius, Lisa Smeds, et al.
(författare)
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Between a rock and a hard place : Registered nurses' accounts of their work situation in cancer care in Swedish acute care hospitals
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Hospital organizational features related to registered nurses' (RNs') practice environment are often studied using quantitative measures. These are however unable to capture nuances of experiences of the practice environment from the perspective of individual RNs. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate individual RNs' experiences of their work situation in cancer care in Swedish acute care hospitals.Methods: This study is based on a qualitative framework analysis of data derived from an open-ended question by 200 RNs working in specialized or general cancer care hospital units, who responded to the Swedish RN4CAST survey on nurse work environment. Antonovsky's salutogenic concepts "meaningfulness", "comprehensibility", and "manageability" were applied post-analysis to support interpretation of results.Results: RNs describe a tension between expectations to uphold safe, high quality care, and working in an environment where they are unable to influence conditions for care delivery. A lacking sense of agency, on individual and collective levels, points to organizational factors impeding RNs' use of their competence in clinical decision-making and in governing practice within their professional scope.Conclusions: RNs in this study appear to experience work situations which, while often described as meaningful, generally appear neither comprehensible nor manageable. The lack of an individual and collective sense of agency found here could potentially erode RNs' sense of meaningfulness and readiness to invest in their work.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ivshina, Anna V., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic reclassification of histologic grade delineates new clinical subtypes of breast cancer
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 66:21, s. 10292-10301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Histologic grading of breast cancer defines morphologic subtypes informative of metastatic potential, although not without considerable interobserver disagreement and clinical heterogeneity particularly among the moderately differentiated grade 2 (G2) tumors. We posited that a gene expression signature capable of discerning tumors of grade 1 (G1) and grade 3 (W) histology might provide a more objective measure of grade with prognostic benefit for patients with G2 disease. To this end, we studied the expression profiles of 347 primary invasive breast tumors analyzed on Affymetrix microarrays. Using class prediction algorithms, we identified 264 robust grade-associated markers, six of which could accurately classify G1 and G3 tumors, and separate G2 tumors into two highly discriminant classes (termed G2a and G2b genetic grades) with patient survival outcomes highly similar to those with G1 and G3 histology, respectively. Statistical analysis of conventional clinical variables further distinguished G2a and G2b subtypes from each other, but also from histologic G1 and G3 tumors. In multivariate analyses, genetic grade was consistently found to be an independent prognostic indicator of disease recurrence comparable with that of lymph node status and tumor size. When incorporated into the Nottingham prognostic index, genetic grade enhanced detection of patients with less harmful tumors, likely to benefit little from adjuvant therapy. Our findings show that a genetic grade signature can improve prognosis and therapeutic planning for breast cancer patients, and support the view that low- and high-grade disease, as defined genetically, reflect independent pathobiological entities rather than a continuum of cancer progression.
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| 11. |
- Janko, Matthew R., et al.
(författare)
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In-situ bypass is associated with superior infection-free survival compared with extra-anatomic bypass for the management of secondary aortic graft infections without enteric involvement
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0741-5214 .- 1097-6809. ; 76:2, s. 546-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The optimal revascularization modality following complete resection of aortic graft infection (AGI) without enteric involvement remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the revascularization approach associated with the lowest morbidity and mortality using real-world data in patients undergoing complete excision of AGI. Methods: A retrospective, multi-institutional study of AGI from 2002 to 2014 was performed using a standardized database. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, and perioperative variables were recorded. The primary outcome was infection-free survival. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and univariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Results: A total of 241 patients at 34 institutions from seven countries presented with AGI during the study period (median age, 68 years; 75% male). The initial aortic procedures that resulted in AGI were 172 surgical grafts (71%), 66 endografts (27%), and three unknown (2%). Of the patients, 172 (71%) underwent complete excision of infected aortic graft material followed by in situ (in-line) bypass (ISB), including antibiotic-treated prosthetic graft (35%), autogenous femoral vein (neo-aortoiliac surgery) (24%), and cryopreserved allograft (41%). Sixty-nine patients (29%) underwent extra-anatomic bypass (EAB). Overall median Kaplan-Meier estimated survival was 5.8 years. Perioperative mortality was 16%. When stratified by ISB vs EAB, there was a significant difference in Kaplan-Meier estimated infection-free survival (2910 days; interquartile range, 391-3771 days vs 180 days; interquartile range, 27-3750 days; P <.001). There were otherwise no significant differences in presentation, comorbidities, or perioperative variables. Multivariable Cox regression showed lower infection-free survival among patients with EAB (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-3.6; P <.001), polymicrobial infection (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-3.5; P = .001), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7; P = .02), as well as the protective effect of omental/muscle flap coverage (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.92; P = .02). Conclusions: After complete resection of AGI, perioperative mortality is 16% and median overall survival is 5.8 years. EAB is associated with nearly a two and one-half-fold higher reinfection/mortality compared with ISB. Omental and/or muscle flap coverage of the repair appear protective.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Martorell, X, et al.
(författare)
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Blue Gene/L performance tools
- 2005
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Ingår i: IBM Journal of Research and Development. - : IBM. - 0018-8646 .- 2151-8556. ; 49:2-3, s. 407-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Good performance monitoring is the basis of modern performance aualysis tools for application optimization. We are providing a variety of such performance analysis tools for the new Blue Gene(®)/L supercomputer. Those tools can be divided into two categories: single-node performance tools and multinode performance tools. Front a single-node perspectire, we provide standard interfaces and libraries, such as PAPI and libHPM, that propide access to the hardware performance counters for applications running on the Blue Gene/L compute nodes. From a multinode perspective, we focus on tools that analyze Message Passing Interface (MPI) behavior. Those tools work by first collecting message-passing trace data when a program runs. The trace data is then used by, graphical interface tools that analyze the behavior of applications. Using the current prototype tools, we demonstrate their usefulness and applicability with case studies of application optimization.
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| 14. |
- Papareddy, Praveen, et al.
(författare)
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A human antithrombin isoform dampens inflammatory responses and protects from organ damage during bacterial infection
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-5276. ; 4:12, s. 2442-2455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe infectious diseases are often characterized by an overwhelming and unbalanced systemic immune response to microbial infections. Human antithrombin (hAT) is a crucial coagulation inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activities. Here we identify three hAT-binding proteins (CD13, CD300f and LRP-1) on human monocytes that are involved in blocking the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B. We found that the modulating effect is primarily restricted to the less abundant beta-isoform (h beta AT) of hAT that lacks N-glycosylation at position 135. Individuals with a mutation at this position have increased production of h beta AT and analysis of their blood, which was stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide, showed a decreased inflammatory response. Similar findings were recorded when heterozygotic mice expressing hAT or h beta AT were challenged with lipopolysaccharide or infected with Escherichia coli bacteria. Our results finally demonstrate that in a lethal E. coli infection model, survival rates increased when mice were treated with h beta AT one hour and five hours after infection. The treatment also resulted in a reduction of the inflammatory response and less severe organ damage.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Smeds, H, et al.
(författare)
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X-linked Malformation and Cochlear Implantation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. - 1537-4505. ; 38:1, s. 38-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Smeds, H., et al.
(författare)
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X-linked Malformation and Cochlear Implantation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Otology and Neurotology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1531-7129 .- 1537-4505. ; 38:1, s. 38-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate if cochlear implantation is safe and constitutes an option for hearing rehabilitation of children with x-linked inner ear malformation. Study Design: Retrospective patient review in combination with a multidisciplinary follow-up. Patients: Ten children with severe-profound mixed hearing loss and radiological findings consistent with Incomplete Partition type 3 cochlear malformation received cochlear implants during the years 2007 to 2015. Nine of the children had a mutation affecting the gene POU3F4 on Xq21. Main Outcome Measures: Surgical events, intraoperative measures and electrical stimulation levels, hearing and spoken language abilities. Results: In all, 15 cochlear implantations were performed. In three cases the electrode was found to be in the internal auditory canal on intraoperative x-ray and repositioned successfully. One child had a postoperative rhinorrhea confirmed to be cerebrospinal fluid but this resolved on conservative treatment. No severe complications occurred. Postoperative electrical stimulation levels were higher in 9 of 10 children, as compared with typically reported average levels in patients with a normal cochlea. Eight patients developed spoken language to various degrees while two were still at precommunication level. However, speech recognition scores were lower than average pediatric cases. Conclusion: Cochlear implantation is a safe procedure for children with severe-profound mixed hearing loss related to POU3F4 mutation inner ear malformation. The children develop hearing and spoken language but outcome is below average for pediatric CI recipients.
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| 19. |
- Smeds, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Preferred overall loudness. I : Sound field presentation in the laboratory
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 45:1, s. 2-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study questions the basic assumption that prescriptive methods for nonlinear, wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) hearing aids should restore overall loudness to normal. Fifteen normal-hearing listeners and twenty-four hearing-impaired listeners (with mild to moderate hearing loss, twelve with and twelve without hearing aid experience) participated in laboratory tests. The participants first watched and listened to video sequences and rated how loud and how interesting the situations were. For the hearing-impaired participants, gain was applied according to the NAL-NL1 prescription. Despite the fact that the NAL-NL1 prescription led to less than normal overall calculated loudness, according to the loudness model of Moore and Glasberg (1997), the hearing-impaired participants rated loudness higher than the normal-hearing participants. The participants then adjusted a volume control to preferred overall loudness. Both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired participants preferred less than normal overall calculated loudness. The results from the two groups of hearing-impaired listeners did not differ significantly.
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| 20. |
- Smeds, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Preferred overall loudness. II : Listening through hearing aids in field and laboratory tests
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 45:1, s. 12-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a laboratory study, we found that normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners preferred less than normal overall calculated loudness (according to a loudness model of Moore & Glasberg, 1997). The current study verified those results using a research hearing aid. Fifteen hearing-impaired and eight normal-hearing participants used the hearing aid in the Field and adjusted a volume control to give preferred loudness. The hearing aid logged the preferred volume control setting and the calculated loudness at that setting. The hearing-impaired participants preferred, in median, loudness levels of -14 phon re normal for input levels from 50 to 89 dB SPL. The normal-hearing participants preferred close to normal overall loudness. In subsequent laboratory tests, using the same hearing aid, both hearing-impaired and normal-hearing listeners preferred less than normal overall calculated loudness, and larger reductions for higher input levels. In summary, the hearing-impaired listeners preferred less than normal overall calculated loudness, whereas the results for the normal-hearing listeners were inconclusive.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Sundblad, K., et al.
(författare)
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Sphalerite geobarometry and arsenopyrite geothermometry applied to metamorphosed sulfide ores in the Swedish Caledonides
- 1984
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Ingår i: Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists. - : Society of Economic Geologists. - 0361-0128 .- 1554-0774. ; 79:7, s. 1660-1668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metamorphosed massive sulfide deposits in the Swedish Caledonides were investigated using sphalerite geobarometry and arsenopyrite geothermometry. The sphalerite investigations yield pressure estimates of 3 to 5 kb for six deposits from host rocks of greenschist-lower amphibolite facies. A bimodal FeS distribution is apparent for the chlorite-grade deposits whereas the FeS distribution in biotite-grade deposits is unimodal. The arsenopyrite geothermometry is apparently sensitive to high contents (>0.2 wt %) of either of the trace elements Co and Ni, and possibly also of Sb. Temperature estimates for six deposits from the chlorite zone of greenschist facies yield 371 degrees + or - 45 degrees C, whereas one deposit from the biotite zone gives a temperature of 422 degrees + or - 25 degrees C. The pressure and temperature data obtained for the deposits correspond excellently with the metamorphic grade of the host rocks. Thus, sphalerite geobarometry and arsenopyrite geothermometry can be applied successfully to metamorphosed sulfide orebodies if attention is paid to textural relationships and minor element distribution in the minerals investigated
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| 23. |
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