| 1. |
- Kallionpää, Henna, et al.
(författare)
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Early Detection of Peripheral Blood Cell Signature in Children Developing beta-Cell Autoimmunity at a Young Age
- 2019
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 68:10, s. 2024-2034
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The appearance of type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated autoantibodies is the first and only measurable parameter to predict progression toward T1D in genetically susceptible individuals. However, autoantibodies indicate an active autoimmune reaction, wherein the immune tolerance is already broken. Therefore, there is a clear and urgent need for new biomarkers that predict the onset of the autoimmune reaction preceding autoantibody positivity or reflect progressive beta-cell destruction. Here we report the mRNA sequencing-based analysis of 306 samples including fractionated samples of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells as well as CD4(-)CD8(-) cell fractions and unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples longitudinally collected from seven children who developed beta-cell autoimmunity (case subjects) at a young age and matched control subjects. We identified transcripts, including interleukin 32 (IL32), that were upregulated before T1D-associated autoantibodies appeared. Single-cell RNA sequencing studies revealed that high IL32 in case samples was contributed mainly by activated T cells and NK cells. Further, we showed that IL32 expression can be induced by a virus and cytokines in pancreatic islets and beta-cells, respectively. The results provide a basis for early detection of aberrations in the immune system function before T1D and suggest a potential role for IL32 in the pathogenesis of T1D.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Somani, Mahesh C., et al.
(författare)
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Dimensional changes and microstructural evolution in a B-bearing steel in the simulated forming and quenching process
- 2001
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 41:4, s. 361-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve the modelling of the behaviour of steel profiles in the forming and quenching process, the influences of high-temperature plastic deformation and applied stress on the martensitic transformation were investigated in a B-bearing steel by dilatometric measurements and compression tests. The plastic deformation of austenite was found to enhance ferrite formation so significantly that the dilatation due to the low-temperature transformation decreases even at a cooling rate of 280°C/s. The presence of ferrite in the microstructure results in markedly lower hardness and flow stress than the completely martensitic microstructure. Possibilities to avoid ferrite formation have been discussed. Stress applied during the martensitic transformation increases diametric dilatation by as much as 200 % under axial compression, which seems to result from the preferred orientation of the martensite formed. However, subsequent to a hightemperature plastic deformation, the influence of applied stress remains much smaller.
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| 4. |
- Vuorinen, Esa, et al.
(författare)
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Hot Forming of Ultra-Fine-Grained Multiphase Steel Products Using Press Hardening Combined with Quenching and Partitioning Process
- 2019
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Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI. - 2075-4701. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hot forming combined with austempering and quenching and partitioning (QP) processes have been used to shape two cold rolled high silicon steel sheets into hat profiles. Thermal simulation on a Gleeble instrument was employed to optimize processing variables to achieve an optimum combination of strength and ductility in the final parts. Microstructures were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Tensile strengths (Rm) of 1190 and 1350 MPa and elongations to fracture (A50mm) of 8.5 and 7.4%, were achieved for the two high-silicon steels having 0.15 and 0.26 wt % C, respectively. Preliminary results show that press hardening together with a QP heat treatment is an effective method of producing components with high strength and reasonable tensile ductility from low carbon containing steels that have the potential for carbide free bainite formation. The QP treatment resulted in faster austenite decomposition during partitioning in the steels in comparison with an austempering treatment.
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