| 1. |
- Bouyoucef, S E, et al.
(författare)
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Poster Session 2 : Monday 4 May 2015, 08
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 16 Suppl 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Arft, M, et al.
(författare)
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Responses of tundra plants to experimental warming : Meta-analysis of the international tundra experiment
- 1999
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Ingår i: Ecological Monographs. - 0012-9615 .- 1557-7015. ; 69:4, s. 491-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) is a collaborative, multisite experiment using a common temperature manipulation to examine variability in species response across climatic and geographic gradients of tundra ecosystems. ITEX was designed specifically to examine variability in arctic and alpine species response to increased temperature. We compiled from one to four years of experimental data from 13 different ITEX sites and used meta-analysis to analyze responses of plant phenology, growth, and reproduction to experimental warming. Results indicate that key phenological events such as leaf bud burst and flowering occurred earlier in warmed plots throughout the study period; however, there was little impact on growth cessation at the end of the season. Quantitative measures of vegetative growth were greatest in warmed plots in the early years of the experiment, whereas reproductive effort and success increased in later years. A shift away from vegetative growth and toward reproductive effort and success in the fourth treatment year suggests a shift from the initial response to a secondary response. The change in vegetative response may be due to depletion of stored plant reserves, whereas the lag in reproductive response may be due to the formation of flower buds one to several seasons prior to flowering. Both vegetative and reproductive responses varied among life-forms; herbaceous forms had stronger and more consistent vegetative growth responses than did woody forms. The greater responsiveness of the herbaceous forms may be attributed to their more flexible morphology and to their relatively greater proportion of stored plant reserves. Finally, warmer, low arctic sites produced the strongest growth responses, but colder sites produced a greater reproductive response. Greater resource investment in vegetative growth may be a conservative strategy in the Low Arctic, where there is more competition for light, nutrients, or water, and there may be little opportunity for successful germination or seedling development. In contrast, in the High Arctic, heavy investment in producing seed under a higher temperature scenario may provide an opportunity for species to colonize patches of unvegetated ground. The observed differential response to warming suggests that the primary forces driving the response vary across climatic zones, functional groups, and through time.
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| 4. |
- Khorram-Manesh, Amir, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term outcome of a large series of patients surgically treated for pheochromocytoma
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - 0954-6820. ; 258:1, s. 55-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyse the morbidity, mortality and long-term outcome in a consecutive series of surgically treated patients with pheochromocytoma (PC), or paraganglioma (PG), from the western region of Sweden between 1950 and 1997. PATIENTS: All patients (n = 121) who had been hospitalized and treated for PC/PG over 47 years. DESIGN: Retrospective review of patients with PC/PG regarding presenting symptoms, tumour characteristics, clinical management and long-term outcome after treatment. SETTING: One referral centre for all patients from the western region of Sweden. RESULTS: During an observation of 15 +/- 6 years, 42 patients died vs. 23.6 expected in the general population (P < 0.001). There was no intra- or post-operative mortality. Four patients with sporadic disease died of malignant PC and six with hereditary disease of associated neuroectodermal tumours. Five patients died of other malignancies, 20 of cardiovascular disease and seven of other causes. Besides older age at primary surgery, elevated urinary excretion of methoxy-catecholamines was the only observed risk factor for death (P = 0.02). At diagnosis 85% of the patients were hypertensive; one year after surgery more than half were still hypertensive. However, pre- and post-operative hypertension did not influence the risk for death versus controls. CONCLUSION: Pheochromocytoma/PG can be safely treated by surgery. Death of malignant PC/PG was unusual, but the patients as a group had an increased risk of death. We recommend life-long follow-up of patients treated for PC/PG with screening for recurrent tumour in sporadic cases and for associated tumours in hereditary cases. This strategy would also be helpful in diagnosing cardiovascular disease at an early stage.
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| 5. |
- Kuhn, I, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity, persistence, and virulence of Aeromonas strains isolated from drinking water distribution systems in Sweden
- 1997
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Ingår i: Applied and environmental microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 63:7, s. 2708-2715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Aeromonas populations in 13 Swedish drinking water distribution systems, representing different treatments, were investigated. From each system, water samples were collected four times during the period from May to September 1994 from raw water and water after treatment and at two to five sites within the distribution system. In total, 220 water samples were collected. From samples containing presumptive Aeromonas, up to 32 colonies were analyzed by the PhenePlate Aeromonas (PhP-AE) system, which is a highly discriminating biochemical fingerprinting method. Selected isolates from different phenotypes (PhP types) were further identified by the API 20 NE system and by gas-liquid chromatography analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Selected isolates were also assayed for their potential to produce hemolysin and cytotoxin and for their ability to adhere to human intestinal cells. In total, 117 water samples (53%) contained presumptive Aeromonas which numbered up to 10(6) CFU/100 ml in raw water and up to 750 CFU/100 ml in tap water. Among the 2,117 isolates that were subjected to typing by the PhP-AE system, more than 300 distinct PhP types were found, of which the majority occurred only sporadically. Raw (surface) water samples usually contained many different PhP types, showing high diversity indices (Di) (median Di = 0.95). The Aeromonas populations in samples collected from within the distribution systems were less diverse (median Di = 0.58) and were often dominated by one major PhP type that was found on several sampling occasions. Seventeen such major PhP types could be found and were represented in 1,037 isolates (49%). Identification by API 20 NE and FAME analysis revealed that most of the major PhP types were Aeromonas hydrophila or belonged to unidentified Aeromonas species. Hemolysin and cytotoxin production was observed in most major PhP types (representing 87 and 54% of the assayed isolates, respectively), and adherence was found in 89% of the isolates that produced cytotoxin. Thus, the data presented here show that although raw water may contain very diverse Aeromonas populations, the populations seemed to be remarkably stable within the studied water distribution systems, and that some potentially pathogenic Aeromonas strains could persist for several months in drinking water.
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| 10. |
- Elmendorf, Sarah C., et al.
(författare)
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Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation : heterogeneity over space and time
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 15:2, s. 164-175
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the sensitivity of tundra vegetation to climate warming is critical to forecasting future biodiversity and vegetation feedbacks to climate. In situ warming experiments accelerate climate change on a small scale to forecast responses of local plant communities. Limitations of this approach include the apparent site-specificity of results and uncertainty about the power of short-term studies to anticipate longer term change. We address these issues with a synthesis of 61 experimental warming studies, of up to 20 years duration, in tundra sites worldwide. The response of plant groups to warming often differed with ambient summer temperature, soil moisture and experimental duration. Shrubs increased with warming only where ambient temperature was high, whereas graminoids increased primarily in the coldest study sites. Linear increases in effect size over time were frequently observed. There was little indication of saturating or accelerating effects, as would be predicted if negative or positive vegetation feedbacks were common. These results indicate that tundra vegetation exhibits strong regional variation in response to warming, and that in vulnerable regions, cumulative effects of long-term warming on tundra vegetation and associated ecosystem consequences have the potential to be much greater than we have observed to date.
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| 11. |
- Frost, R. J. W., et al.
(författare)
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A compact accelerator driven neutron source at the Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Lund University
- 2023
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Ingår i: EPJ TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION. - : Springer Nature. - 2195-7045. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Applied Nuclear Physics Group at Lund University has constructed a CANS (Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Source). The CANS is based around a 3 MV, single-ended, Pelletron accelerator, which is used to impinge a 2.8 MeV deuterium beam into a beryllium target. The anticipated neutron production will be on the order of 10(10) n/s in 4 pi sr, with future upgrades expected to increase neutron production to 10(11) n/s. Neutron energy will be up to 9 MeV with peak emission at similar to 5 MeV. Shielding and moderation will be provided by a large water tank surrounding the target, with exit ports to allow moderated neutrons to be directed to experiments. The thermal-neutron flux at the exit of the extraction ports is anticipated to be up to 10(6) n/cm(2)/s. The CANS will be used to forward the activities of the group in the area of neutron-activation analysis, in addition to a broader range of neutron related applications.
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| 12. |
- Henriksson, F, et al.
(författare)
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Direct medical costs for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 248, s. 387-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To estimate the total direct medical costs to society for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden and to investigate how different factors, for example diabetic late complications, affect costs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data regarding health care utilization, clinical characteristics and quality of life, were collected at a single time-point. Data on resource use cover the 6-month period prior to this time point. SETTING: Patient recruitment and data collection were performed in nine primary care centres in three main regions in Sweden. SUBJECTS: Only patients with an age at diabetes diagnosis >/= 30 years (type 2 diabetes) were included (n = 777). RESULTS: The total annual direct medical costs for the Swedish diabetes type 2 population were estimated at about 7 billion SEK (Swedish Kronor) in 1998 prices, which is about 6% of the total health care expenditures and more than four times higher than the former Swedish estimate obtained when using diabetes as main diagnosis for calculating costs. The annual per patient cost was about 25 000 SEK. The largest share of this cost was hospital inpatient care. Costs increased with diabetes duration and were higher for patients treated with insulin compared to those treated with oral hypoglycaemic drugs or with life style modification only. Patients with both macro- and microvascular complications had more than three times higher costs compared with patients without such complications. CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes is a serious and expensive disease and the key to reducing costs seems to be intensive management and control in order to prevent and delay the associated late complications.
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| 15. |
- Stenstrom, Bjorn, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish moist snuff accelerates gastric cancer development in Helicobacter pylori-infected wild-type and gastrin transgenic mice
- 2007
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 28:9, s. 2041-2046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish variant of moist oral smokeless tobacco (snus) is popular in Sweden and Norway, banned from sale within the European Union and is currently being introduced in USA. The aim of the present study was to determine if snus is carcinogenic to the stomach, particularly in Helicobacter pylori (H.P.)-infected hosts at increased risk for gastric cancer development. Snus (General (TM); Swedish Match, Sweden) was mixed with powdered standard mouse chow at a concentration of 5-9% (wt/wt) and given to wild-type (WT, FVB) and gastrin transgenic (INS-GAS, FVB) mice for 6 months with or without H.P. (strain 67:21, CagA(+), VacA(+)) infection. At necropsy, pathological evaluation of stomachs from uninfected snus-treated WT mice showed mild morphological changes, whereas 50% snus-treated INS-GAS mice developed carcinoma in situ (CIS), compared with 25% not exposed to snus. When snus was given to H.P.-infected mice, 9 of 17 WT mice developed CIS with intramucosal invasion, and the remaining 8 of 17 WT mice developed high-grade dysplasia (score > 1.5) that was associated with increased gastritis, epithelial defects, oxyntic atrophy, hyperplasia and intestinal metaplasia. Twelve of 12 H.P.-infected INS-GAS mice developed CIS with intramucosal invasion and submucosal herniation. We suggest that snus is a potential gastric carcinogen in mice. The development of CIS was associated with increased rates of the epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, common features of gastric carcinogenesis.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ulander, L.M.H., et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic-aperture radar processing using fast factorized back-projection
- 2003
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. - 0018-9251 .- 1557-9603. ; 39:3, s. 760-776
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exact synthetic aperture radar (SAR) inversion for a linear aperture may be obtained using fast transform techniques. Alternatively, back-projection integration in time domain can also be used. This technique has the benefit of handling a general aperture geometry. In the past, however, back-projection has seldom been used due to heavy computational burden. We show that the back-projection integral can be recursively partitioned and an effective algorithm constructed based on aperture factorization. By representing images in local polar coordinates it is shown that the number of operations is drastically reduced and can be made to approach that of fast transform algorithms. The algorithm is applied to data from the airborne ultra-wideband CARABAS SAR and shown to give a reduction in processing time of two to three orders of magnitude.
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| 18. |
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