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- Elsner, J, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of threading edge and screw dislocations in GaN
- 1997
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 79:19, s. 3672-3675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The atomic structures, electrical properties, and line energies for threading screw and threading edge dislocations of wurtzite GaN are calculated within the local-density approximation. Both dislocations are electrically inactive with a band gap free from deep levels. These results are understood to arise from relaxed core structures which are similar to (101̅ 0) surfaces.
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- Jacquemin, Benedicte, et al.
(författare)
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Ambient Air Pollution and Adult Asthma Incidence in Six European Cohorts (ESCAPE)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 123:6, s. 613-621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Short-term exposure to air pollution has adverse effects among patients with asthma, but whether long-term exposure to air pollution is a cause of adult-onset asthma is unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and adult onset asthma. METHODS: Asthma incidence was prospectively assessed in six European cohorts. Exposures studied were annual average concentrations at home addresses for nitrogen oxides assessed for 23,704 participants (including 1,257 incident cases) and particulate matter (PM) assessed for 17,909 participants through ESCAPE land-use regression models and traffic exposure indicators. Meta-analyses of cohort-specific logistic regression on asthma incidence were performed. Models were adjusted for age, sex, overweight, education, and smoking and included city/area within each cohort as a random effect. RESULTS: In this longitudinal analysis, asthma incidence was positively, but not significantly, associated with all exposure metrics, except for PMcoarse. Positive associations of borderline significance were observed for nitrogen dioxide [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.21 per 10 mu g/m(3); p = 0.10] and nitrogen oxides (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.08 per 20 mu g/m(3); p = 0.08). Nonsignificant positive associations were estimated for PM10 (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.23 per 10 mu g/m(3)), PM2.5 (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.23 per 5 mu g/m(3)), PM2.5absorbance (adjusted OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.19 per 10(-5)/m), traffic load (adjusted OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.30 per 4 million vehicles x meters/day on major roads in a 100-m buffer), and traffic intensity (adjusted OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.30 per 5,000 vehicles/day on the nearest road). A nonsignificant negative association was estimated for PMcoarse (adjusted OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.14 per 5 mu g/m(3)). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest a deleterious effect of ambient air pollution on asthma incidence in adults. Further research with improved personal-level exposure assessment (vs. residential exposure assessment only) and phenotypic characterization is needed.
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- Stich, P. K., et al.
(författare)
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Ab initio investigation of the dislocation structure and activation energy for dislocation motion in silicon carbide
- 1995
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 52:7, s. 4951-4955
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structures of straight 90° glide partial dislocations in SiC are calculated using an ab initio local density functional cluster method. Si partials containing core Si atoms are found to be strongly reconstructed with a Si-Si bond of comparable length to that in bulk silicon. The C partial possessing core C atoms is more weakly reconstructed with a bond length 16% longer than that in bulk diamond. The formation and migration energies of kinks on the partials are calculated and indicate that the C partial is the more mobile. The calculations also predict that n-type doping leads to an increase in the mobility of C partials whereas p-type doping increases the mobility of Si partials.
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- Stich, P., et al.
(författare)
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Structures of dislocations in GaAs and their modification by impurities
- 1994
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 50, s. 17717-17720
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local density functional theory is used to show that both α and β dislocations in GaAs are reconstructed. This is done by relaxing large 158-atom H-terminated clusters of GaAs containing 90° partial dislocations. The reconstruction is strongly influenced by impurities: acceptor pairs destroy the reconstruction of β partials but strengthen it for α dislocations. Donors have opposite effects. The implication of these results for the pinning of dislocations in GaAs is discussed.
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- Stich, Troy A., et al.
(författare)
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Structural insights into [Co4O4(C5H5N)(4)(CH3CO2)(4)](+), a rare Co(IV)-containing cuboidal complex
- 2013
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Ingår i: Polyhedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-5387 .- 1873-3719. ; 64:SI, s. 304-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report high-frequency (up to 219 GHz) and correspondingly high-field electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and X-ray crystal structure of [Co4O4(pyridine)(4)(acetate)(4)](+) ([Co4O4(py)(4)(OAc)(4)](+)) that serves as a structural and spectroscopic model of cobalt-oxide films that are capable of oxidizing water. These results are, in large part, consistent with those from our earlier, lower-frequency study and serve to benchmark future high-field studies on paramagnetic states of the catalyst film. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 23. |
- Wabnitz, K, et al.
(författare)
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National Planetary Health learning objectives for Germany: A steppingstone for medical education to promote transformative change
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in public health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 10, s. 1093720-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physicians play an important role in adapting to and mitigating the adverse health effects of the unfolding climate and ecological crises. To fully harness this potential, future physicians need to acquire knowledge, values, skills, and leadership attributes to care for patients presenting with environmental change-related conditions and to initiate and propel transformative change in healthcare and other sectors of society including, but not limited to, the decarbonization of healthcare systems, the transition to renewable energies and the transformation of transport and food systems. Despite the potential of Planetary Health Education (PHE) to support medical students in becoming agents of change, best-practice examples of mainstreaming PHE in medical curricula remain scarce both in Germany and internationally. The process of revising and updating the Medical Licensing Regulations and the National Competency-based Catalog of Learning Objectives for Medical Education in Germany provided a window of opportunity to address this implementation challenge. In this article, we describe the development and content of national Planetary Health learning objectives for Germany. We anticipate that the learning objectives will stimulate the development and implementation of innovative Planetary Health teaching, learning and exam formats in medical schools and inform similar initiatives in other health professions. The availability of Planetary Health learning objectives in other countries will provide opportunities for cross-country and interdisciplinary exchange of experiences and validation of content, thus supporting the consolidation of Planetary Health learning objectives and the improvement of PHE for all health professionals globally.
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| 24. |
- Öberg, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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First-principles calculations of the energy barrier to dislocation motion in Si and GaAs
- 1995
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 51:19, s. 13138-13145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The single kink formation and migration energies Fk and Wm of 90° glide partial dislocations in Si and GaAs are calculated using an ab initio local density-functional cluster method. Kink migration occurs via a concerted exchange of an atom at a dislocation core with one of its glide plane nearest neighbors. By constraining these atoms to sit in high-energy positions and relaxing a surrounding cluster of atoms, sufficient points in configuration space can be sampled for the energy barrier for the first step in kink pair formation to be estimated. By including an estimate of the elastic energy of the interaction of kink pairs, the single kink formation energy is calculated. It is found that Fk and Wm for Si are 0.1 and 1.8 eV, respectively. For the 90° α glide partial in GaAs, these quantities are 0.07 and 0.7 eV, respectively, and 0.3 and 1.1 eV for β partials
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