| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 10. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Combined D0 measurements constraining the CP-violating phase and width difference in the B-s(0) system
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 1550-7998. ; 76:5, s. 057101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We combine the D0 measurement of the width difference between the light and heavy B-s(0) mass eigenstates and of the CP-violating mixing phase determined from the time-dependent angular distributions in the B-s(0)-> J/psi phi decays along with the charge asymmetry in semileptonic decays also measured with the D0 detector. With the additional constraint from the world average of the flavor-specific B-s(0) lifetime, we obtain Delta Gamma(s)equivalent to(Gamma(L)-Gamma(H))=0.13 +/- 0.09 ps(-1) and vertical bar phi(s)vertical bar=0.70(-0.47)(+0.39) or Delta Gamma(s)=-0.13 +/- 0.09 ps(-1) and vertical bar phi(s)vertical bar=2.44(-0.39)(+0.47). The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.1 fb(-1) accumulated with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider.
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| 11. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Direct observation of the strange b baryon Xi(-)(b)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 99:5, s. 052001-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first direct observation of the strange b baryon Xi(-)(b)(Xi) over bar (+)(b)). We reconstruct the decay Xi(-)(b)-->J/psi Xi(-), with J/psi-->mu(+)mu(-), and Xi(-)-->Lambda pi(-)-->p pi(-)pi(-) in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV. Using 1.3 fb(-1) of data collected by the D0 detector, we observe 15.2 +/- 4.4(stat)(-0.4)(+1.9)(syst) Xi(-)(b) candidates at a mass of 5.774 +/- 0.011(stat) +/- 0.015(syst) GeV. The significance of the observed signal is 5.5 sigma, equivalent to a probability of 3.3 x 10(-8) of it arising from a background fluctuation. Normalizing to the decay Lambda(b)-->J/psi Lambda, we measure the relative rate sigma(Xi(-)(b))xB(Xi(-)(b)-->J/psi Xi)/ sigma(Lambda(b))xB(Lambda(b)-->J/psi Lambda) = 0.28 +/- 0.09(stat)(-0.08)(+0.09)(syst).
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| 12. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for production of single top quarks and first direct measurement of vertical bar V-tb vertical bar
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 98:18, s. 181802-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The D0 Collaboration presents first evidence for the production of single top quarks at the Fermilab Tevatron < p(p)over bar > collider. Using a 0.9 fb(-1) dataset, we apply a multivariate analysis to separate signal from background and measure sigma(< p(p)over bar >-> tb+X,tqb+X)=4.9 +/- 1.4 pb. The probability to measure a cross section at this value or higher in the absence of a signal is 0.035%, corresponding to a 3.4 standard deviation significance. We use the cross section measurement to directly determine the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element that describes the Wtb coupling and find 0.68 <= 1 at 95% C.L. within the standard model.
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| 13. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental discrimination between charge 2e/3 top quark and charge 4e/3 exotic quark production scenarios
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 98:4, s. 041801-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first experimental discrimination between the 2e/3 and 4e/3 top quark electric charge scenarios, using top quark pairs (t (t) over bar) produced in p (p) over bar collisions at root s =1.96 TeV by the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We use 370 pb(-1) of data collected by the D0 experiment and select events with at least one high transverse momentum electron or muon, high transverse energy imbalance, and four or more jets. We discriminate between b- and (b) over bar -quark jets by using the charge and momenta of tracks within the jet cones. The data are consistent with the expected electric charge, |q|=2e/3. We exclude, at the 92% C.L., that the sample is solely due to the production of exotic quark pairs Q (Q) over bar with |q|=4e/3. We place an upper limit on the fraction of Q (Q) over bar pairs rho < 0.80 at the 90% C.L.
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| 14. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime difference and CP-violating phase in the B-s(0) system
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 98:12, s. 121801-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From an analysis of the decay B-s(0)-> J/psi phi, we obtain the width difference between the light and heavy mass eigenstates Delta Gamma equivalent to(Gamma(L)-Gamma(H))=0.17 +/- 0.09(stat)+/- 0.02(syst) ps(-1) and the CP-violating phase phi(s)=-0.79 +/- 0.56(stat)(-0.01)(+0.14)(syst). Under the hypothesis of no CP violation (phi(s)equivalent to 0), we obtain 1/Gamma=tau/(B-s(0))=1.52 +/- 0.08(stat)(-0.03)(+0.01)(syst) ps and Delta Gamma=0.12(-0.10)(+0.08)(stat)+/- 0.02(syst) ps(-1). The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 1.1 fb(-1) accumulated with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. This is the first direct measurement of the CP-violating mixing phase in the B-s(0) system.
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| 15. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings from WW -> e(+)e(-), WW -> e(+/-)mu(-/+), and WW ->mu(+)mu(-) events from pp collisions at root s=1.96 TeV
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 74:5, s. 057101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Limits are set on anomalous WW gamma and WWZ trilinear gauge couplings using W+W--> e(+)nu(e)e(-)(nu) over bar (e), W+W--> e(+/-)nu(e)mu(-/+)nu(mu), and W+W-->mu(+)nu(mu)mu(-)(nu) over bar (mu) events. The data set was collected by the Run II D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and corresponds to approximately 250 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity at root s=1.96 TeV. Under the assumption that the WW gamma couplings are equal to the WWZ couplings and using a form factor scale of Lambda=2.0 TeV, the combined 95% C.L. one-dimensional coupling limits from all three channels are -0.32
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| 16. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of B-d mixing using opposite-side flavor tagging
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 74:11, s. 112002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a measurement of the B-d(0) mixing frequency and the calibration of an opposite-side flavor tagger in the D0 experiment. Various properties associated with the b quark on the opposite side of the reconstructed B meson are combined using a likelihood-ratio method into a single variable with enhanced tagging power. Its performance is tested with data, using a large sample of reconstructed semileptonic B ->mu(DX)-X-0 and B ->mu(DX)-X-* decays, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 1 fb(-1). The events are divided into groups depending on the value of the combined tagging variable, and an independent analysis is performed in each group. Combining the results of these analyses, the overall effective tagging power is found to be epsilon D-2=(2.48 +/- 0.21(-0.06)(+0.08))%. The measured B-d(0) mixing frequency Delta m(d)=0.506 +/- 0.020(stat)+/- 0.016(syst) ps(-1) is in good agreement with the world average value.
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| 17. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of beta (t -> Wb)/beta(t -> Wq) at root s=1.96 TeV
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 639:6, s. 616-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the measurement of R = B(t -> Wb)/B(t -> Wq) in pp collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV, using 230 pb(-1) of data collected by the DO experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We fit simultaneously R and the number (N-tt) of selected top quark pairs (tt), to the number of identified b-quark jets in events with one electron or one muon, three or more jets, and high transverse energy imbalance. To improve sensitivity, kinematical properties of events with no identified b-quark jets are included in the fit. We measure R = 1.03(-0.17)(0.19) (stat + syst), in good agreement with the standard model. We set lower limits of R > 0.61 and vertical bar V-tb vertical bar > 0.78 at 95% confidence level.
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| 18. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the B-s(0) lifetime using semileptonic decays
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 97:24, s. 241801-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a measurement of the B-s(0) lifetime in the semileptonic decay channel B-s(0)-> D-s(-)mu(+)nu X (and its charge conjugate), using approximately 0.4 fb(-1) of data collected with the D0 detector during 2002-2004. Using 5176 reconstructed D-s(-)mu(+) signal events, we have measured the B-s(0) lifetime to be tau(B-s(0))=1.398 +/- 0.044(stat)(-0.025)(+0.028)(syst) ps. This is the most precise measurement of the B-s(0) lifetime to date.
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| 19. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the charge asymmetry in semileptonic B-s(0) decays
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 98:15, s. 151801-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have performed the first direct measurement of the time-integrated flavor untagged charge asymmetry in semileptonic B-s(0) decays A(SL)(s,unt) by comparing the decay rate of B-s(0) -> mu(+) D-s(-) nu X, where D-s(-) -> phi pi(-) and phi -> K+K-, with the charge-conjugate (B) over bar (0)(s) decay rate. This sample was selected from 1: 3 fb(-1) of data collected by the D0 experiment in run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We obtain A(SL)(s,unt) = [1.23 +/- 0.97(stat) +/- 0.17(syst)] x 10(-2). Assuming that Delta m(s)/(Gamma) over bar (s) >> 1, this result can be translated into a measurement of the CP-violating phase in B-s(0) mixing: Delta Gamma(s)/Delta m(s) tan phi(s) = [2.45 +/- 1.93(stat) +/- 0.35(syst)] x 10(-2).
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| 20. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the CP-violation parameter of B-0 mixing and decay with p(p)over-bar ->mu mu X data
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 74:9, s. 092001-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measure the dimuon charge asymmetry A in p (p) over bar collisions at a center of mass energy root s=1960 GeV. The data was recorded with the D0 detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of approximately 1.0 fb(-1). Assuming that the asymmetry A is due to asymmetric B-0 <->(B) over bar (0) mixing and decay, we extract the CP-violation parameter of B-0 mixing and decay: ((epsilon B0))/(1+vertical bar epsilon B0 vertical bar 2)=(AB0)/(4)= -0.0023 +/- 0.0011(stat)+/- 0.0008(syst).A(B)(0) is the dimuon charge asymmetry from decays of B-0(B) over bar (0) pairs. The general case, with CP violation in both B-0 and B-s(0) systems, is also considered. Finally we obtain the forward-backward asymmetry that quantifies the tendency of mu(+) to go in the proton direction and mu(-) to go in the antiproton direction. The results are consistent with the standard model and constrain new physics.
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| 21. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the isolated photon cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 639:3-4, s. 151-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cross section for the inclusive production of isolated photons has been measured in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV with the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The photons span transverse momenta 23 to 300 GeV and have pseudorapidity vertical bar n vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section is compared with the results from two next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. The theoretical predictions agree with the measurement within uncertainties.
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| 22. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime using semileptonic decays
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 99:18, s. 182001-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a measurement of the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime using a sample corresponding to 1.3 fb(-1) of data collected by the D0 experiment in 2002-2006 during run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The Lambda(0)(b) baryon is reconstructed via the decay Lambda(0)(b)->mu(nu) over bar Lambda X-+(c). Using 4437 +/- 329 signal candidates, we measure the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime to be tau(Lambda(0)(b))=1.290(-0.110)(+0.119)(stat)(-0.091)(+0.087)(syst) ps, which is among the most precise measurements in semileptonic Lambda(0)(b) decays. This result is in good agreement with the world average value.
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| 23. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the Lambda(b) lifetime in the exclusive decay Lambda(b)-> J/psi Lambda
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 99:14, s. 142001-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have measured the Lambda(b) lifetime using the exclusive decay Lambda(b)-> J/psi Lambda, based on 1.2 fb(-1) of data collected with the D0 detector during 2002-2006. From 171 reconstructed Lambda(b) decays, where the J/psi and Lambda are identified via the decays J/psi ->mu(+)mu(-) and Lambda -> p pi, we measured the Lambda(b) lifetime to be tau(Lambda(b))=1.218(-0.115)(+0.130)(stat)+/- 0.042(syst) ps. We also measured the B-0 lifetime in the decay B-0 -> J/psi(mu(+)mu(-))K-S(0)(pi(+)pi(-)) to be tau(B-0)=1.501(-0.074)(+0.078)(stat)+/- 0.050(syst) ps, yielding a lifetime ratio of tau(Lambda(b))/tau(B-0)=0.811(-0.087)(+0.096)(stat)+/- 0.034(syst).
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| 24. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the p(p)over-bar -> t(t)over-bar + X production cross section at root s=1.96 TeV in the fully hadronic decay channel
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 1550-7998. ; 76:7, s. 072007-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in proton antiproton collisions at an interaction energy of root s=1.96 TeV is presented. This analysis uses 405 +/- 25 pb(-1) of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Fully hadronic t (t) over bar decays with final states of six or more jets are separated from the multijet background using secondary vertex tagging and a neural network. The t (t) over bar cross section is measured as sigma(t (t) over bar)=4.5(-1.9)(+2.0)(stat)(-1.1)(+1.4)(syst)+/- 0.3(lumi) pb for a top quark mass of m(t)=175 GeV/c(2).
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| 25. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the ratios of the Z/gamma*+ >= n jet production cross sections to the total inclusive Z/gamma* cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 658, s. 112-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a study of events with Z bosons and associated jets produced at the Fermilab Tevatron collider in p p collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV The data sample consists of nearly 14000 Z/gamma* -> e(+)e(-) candidates corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.4 fb(-1) collected with the D circle divide detector. Ratios of the Z/gamma*+ >= n jet cross sections to the total inclusive Z/gamma* cross section have been measured for n = 1-4 jets, and found to be in good agreement with a next-to-leading order QCD calculation and with a tree-level QCD prediction with parton shower simulation and hadronization.
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