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- Lassmann-Klee, P. G., et al.
(författare)
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Parallel gradients in F-ENO and in the prevalences of asthma and atopy in adult general populations of Sweden, Finland and Estonia - A Nordic EpiLung study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of asthma is higher in Sweden and Finland than in neighbouring eastern countries including Estonia. Corresponding difference in bronchial eosinophilic inflammation could be studied by FENO measurements. We aimed to compare FENO in adult general populations of Sweden, Finland, and Estonia, to test the plausibility of the west-east disparity hypothesis of allergic diseases. We conducted clinical interviews (N = 2658) with participants randomly selected from the general populations in Sweden (Stockholm and dOrebro), Finland (Helsinki), and Estonia (Narva and Saaremaa), and performed FENO (n = 1498) and skin prick tests (SPT) in 1997-2003. The median (interquartile range) of FENO (ppb) was 15.5 (9.3) in Sweden, 15.4 (13.6) in Finland and 12.5 (9.6) in Estonia. We found the lowest median FENO values in the Estonian centres Saaremaa 13.1 (9.5) and Narva 11.8 (8.6). In the pooled population, asthma was associated with FENO >= 25 ppb, odds ratio (OR) 3.91 (95% confidence intervals: 2.29-6.32) after adjusting for SPT result, smoking, gender and study centre. A positive SPT test increased the likelihood of asthma OR 3.19 (2.02-5.11). Compared to Saaremaa, the likelihood of having asthma was higher in Helsinki OR 2.40 (1.04-6.02), Narva OR 2.45 (1.05-6.19), dOrebro OR 3.38 (1.59-8.09), and Stockholm OR 5.54 (2.18-14.79). There was a higher prevalence of asthma and allergic airway inflammation in adult general populations of Sweden and Finland compared to those of Estonia. Atopy and elevated FEND level were independently associated with an increased risk of asthma. In conclusion, the findings support the earlier west-east disparity hypothesis of allergic diseases.
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- Bucas, M., et al.
(författare)
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Empirical modelling of benthic species distribution, abundance, and diversity in the Baltic Sea : evaluating the scope for predictive mapping using different modelling approaches
- 2013
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 70:6, s. 1233-1243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The predictive performance of distribution models of common benthic species in the Baltic Sea was compared using four non-linear methods: generalized additive models (GAMs), multivariate adaptive regression splines, random forest (RF), and maximum entropy modelling (MAXENT). The effects of data traits were also tested. In total, 292 occurrence models and 204 quantitative (abundance and diversity) models were assessed. The main conclusions are that (i) the spatial distribution, abundance, and diversity of benthic species in the Baltic Sea can be successfully predicted using several non-linear predictive modelling techniques; (ii) RF was the most accurate method for both models, closely followed by GAM and MAXENT; (iii) correlation coefficients of predictive performance among the modelling techniques were relatively low, suggesting that the performance of methods is related to specific responses; (iv) the differences in predictive performance among the modelling methods could only partly be explained by data traits; (v) the response prevalence was the most important explanatory variable for predictive accuracy of GAM and MAXENT on occurrence data; (vi) RF on the occurrence data was the only method sensitive to sampling density; (vii) a higher predictive accuracy of abundance models could be achieved by reducing variance in the response data and increasing the sample size.
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- Ostad, M, et al.
(författare)
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Expansion of immunoglobulin autoreactive T-helper cells in multiple myeloma
- 2008
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 111:5, s. 2725-2732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activation and expansion of T helper (Th) cells followed by regulation of activation are essential to the generation of immune responses while limiting concomitant autoreactivity. In order to characterize T cells reactive towards myeloma-derived monoclonal immunoglobulin (mIg), an autologous coculture assay for single-cell analysis of mIg-responding cells was developed. When cultured with dendritic cells loaded with mIg, CD4+ Th cells from patients with progressing multiple myeloma (MM) showed a proliferative MHC class II–dependent response. CD8+ T-cell reactivity and Th1 activation were consistently low or absent, and Th2 and regulatory cytokines were expressed. The presence of such non-Th1 CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood was independent of treatment status, while the frequencies of responding cells varied between patients and reached the same order of magnitude as those measured for tetanus toxoid–specific Th memory cells. Furthermore, investigations of T-cell subpopulations indicated a possible regulatory role on the mIg responsiveness mediated by suppressive CD25highFOXP3+CD4+ T cells. It is proposed from the present results that a predominant in vivo activation of non-Th1 mIg-reactive CD4+ T cells constitute an Ig-dependent autoregulatory mechanism in human MM, with possible tumor growth supporting or permissive effects.
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- Rohdin, M, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of gravity on lung diffusing capacity and cardiac output in prone and supine humans.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 95:1, s. 3-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both in normal subjects exposed to hypergravity and in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, there are increased hydrostatic pressure gradients down the lung. Also, both conditions show an impaired arterial oxygenation, which is less severe in the prone than in the supine posture. The aim of this study was to use hypergravity to further investigate the mechanisms behind the differences in arterial oxygenation between the prone and the supine posture. Ten healthy subjects were studied in a human centrifuge while exposed to 1 and 5 times normal gravity (1 G, 5 G) in the anterioposterior (supine) and posterioanterior (prone) direction. They performed one rebreathing maneuver after approximately 5 min at each G level and posture. Lung diffusing capacity decreased in hypergravity compared with 1 G (ANOVA, P = 0.002); it decreased by 46% in the supine posture compared with 25% in the prone (P = 0.01 for supine vs. prone). At the same time, functional residual capacity decreased by 33 and 23%, respectively (P < 0.001 for supine vs. prone), and cardiac output by 40 and 31% (P = 0.007 for supine vs. prone), despite an increase in heart rate of 16 and 28% (P < 0.001 for supine vs. prone), respectively. The finding of a more impaired diffusing capacity in the supine posture compared with the prone at 5 G supports our previous observations of more severe arterial hypoxemia in the supine posture during hypergravity. A reduced pulmonary-capillary blood flow and a reduced estimated alveolar volume can explain most of the reduction in diffusing capacity when supine.
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