| 1. |
- Bergendorff, O., et al.
(author)
-
New contact allergens are formed during vulcanization of rubber
- 2016
-
In: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 75:S1, s. 44-44
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In rubber materials, both natural rubber and synthetic rubber, several different contact allergenic chemicals are added to the batch before vulcanization. These compounds are relevant for investigation of rubber allergy of workers in rubber factories. The number of workers in the rubber industry has declined, owing to increased automation of the process; however, the number of users of rubber products, such as rubber gloves, is increasing. Furthermore, users of finished rubber products are exposed to allergens other than those affecting workers in rubber factories because of chemical reactions during vulcanization between different additives, altering their structures. Our experience with thiuram mono- and disulfides is that during vulcanization, monosulfides are formed from disulfides. We have also seen that in rubber vulcanized with both thiurams and mercaptobenzothiazole compounds, chemicals are formed that contain both thiocarbamate and a mercaptobenzothiazole structure. Two examples of this are dimethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide (DMTBS) and diethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide (DETBS). The latter is a commercial accelerator with the name Ethylac. In an earlier study in which we patch tested 24 volunteers with a known allergy to thiuram mix and/or mercapto mix, we observed positive reactions to DMTBS (1% petrolatum) and/or DETBS (1% petrolatum) in 20 subjects. So far we have seen positive reactions to either DMTBS or DETBS in two patients who were investigated because of their dermatitis related to the rubber in their swimming goggles. Chemical analysis of the swimming goggles showed them to contain DMTBS and DETBS, respectively. Furthermore, several patients in the Netherlands and Belgium with allergy to their shoes were found to be allergic to DMTBS. Chemical analysis of these shoes has been performed and DMTBS was identified in the rubber lining. The allergy to DMTBS is an example of how a powerful allergen can be formed during vulcanization as a result of chemical reactions between well-known haptens. It also illustrates that chemical investigations of patients' rubber items can uncover the presence of allergens that were not added during manufacturing and therefore never show up in declarations from the producers.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Ekqvist, Susanne, et al.
(author)
-
High frequency of contact allergy to gold in patients with endovascular coronary stents
- 2007
-
In: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 157:4, s. 730-738
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Stent implantation is an effective method for treatment of atherosclerotic disease. Factors predisposing to in-stent restenosis are still largely unknown. Contact allergy to metal ions eluted from the stent has been suggested to be a risk factor. Objectives To explore whether there is a possible induction of contact allergy to metals used in stents among patients with a stainless steel stent containing nickel (Ni stent) and patients with a gold-plated stent (Au stent). Methods Adults (n = 484) treated with coronary stent implantation participated in the study with patch testing. The study design was retrospective and cross-sectional with no assessment of contact allergy before stenting. Age- and sex-matched patch-tested patients with dermatitis (n = 447) served as controls. Results Of Au-stented patients, 54 of 146 (37%) were allergic to gold compared with 85 of 447 (19%) controls (P < 0.001). Within the stented population there were no statistically significant differences in contact allergy to gold or nickel between Ni-stented and Au-stented patients. In multivariate models where other risk factors for contact allergy to gold were considered, the Au stent showed a trend towards statistical significance (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 0.95-2.16; P = 0.09). Conclusions As the frequency of contact allergy to gold is higher in stented patients independent of stent type it suggests a previous sensitization. However, several pieces of circumstantial evidence as well as statistical analysis indicate the possibility of sensitization in the coronary vessel by the Au stent. Ni stents and Au stents should not be ruled out as risk factors for induction of contact allergy to these metals.
|
|
| 4. |
- Schmidt, J. D., et al.
(author)
-
Immune responses to hair dyes containing toluene-2,5-diamine
- 2014
-
In: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 170:2, s. 352-359
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD) is the most frequently used dye in oxidative hair dyes on the Scandinavian market. However, little is known about immune responses to PTD-containing oxidative hair dyes. Objectives To study immune responses induced by PTD-containing hair dyes in mice. Methods Immune responses against two different permanent hair dye products containing 1·60% (w/w) and 0·48% (w/w) PTD within the colour gel, and various concentrations of pure PTD were studied. The local inflammatory response was measured by ear swelling and cell infiltration, and T- and B-cell infiltration and proliferation was determined in the draining lymph nodes. Results Concentration-dependent immune responses were seen to PTD both in the skin and draining lymph nodes. The hair dye containing 1·60% PTD induced strong local inflammation and caused T- and B-cell infiltration and proliferation as well as an increased number of regulatory T cells in the draining lymph nodes. In contrast, the hair dye containing 0·48% PTD induced skin inflammation but only minor responses in the draining lymph nodes. Conclusions Consumer-available PTD-containing permanent hair dyes can be potent immune activators inducing both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. The outcome of the response is dependent on allergen dose, amount of additional allergens and exposure regime.
|
|
| 5. |
- Svedman, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Contact allergy to gold in patients with gold-plated intracoronary stents.
- 2005
-
In: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 52:4, s. 192-196
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An increasingly common and effective method for the treatment of atherosclerotic disease in the coronary arteries is percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stenting. The stents are made of different metals. An increased rate of restenosis when using gold-plated stents has been shown. Contact allergy to gold is common in many countries. Recently, a study has shown an increased rate of contact allergy to nickel among patients with restenosis and a nickel-containing stent. The aims of our study were to investigate whether there was an increased rate of contact allergy to gold among patients with gold-plated stents and if this increased the risk of restenosis. 22 patients who had received a gold-plated stent were patch tested. An age- and sex-matched population of 88 patients, previously patch tested because of a suspected contact dermatitis, served as controls. In the stent group, 10/22 (45.5%) had a contact allergy to gold, in the control group 18/88 (20.5%); the difference is statistically significant (P = 0.04). There was no significant difference regarding frequency of restenosis. Our study indicates that there is a risk of sensitizing the patient when implanting a gold-plated stent. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to evaluate whether there is an increased risk of restenosis.
|
|
| 6. |
- Uter, W., et al.
(author)
-
The epidemic of methylisothiazolinone contact allergy in Europe : follow-up on changing exposures
- 2020
-
In: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 34:2, s. 333-339
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Methylisothiazolinone (MI) has caused an unprecedented epidemic of contact allergy in Europe and elsewhere. Subsequently, regulatory action has been taken, at least in Europe, aiming at reducing risk of MI sensitization. Objective: To follow-up on the prevalence of contact allergy to MI in consecutively patch tested patients and assess the spectrum of products containing MI or methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI in patients positive to MI which elicited current allergic contact dermatitis. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed in 2016 and 2017, including all adult patients patch tested with the baseline series (including MI 0.2% aq.) between 1 May and 31 October at 14 centres in 11 European countries. Patients with positive reactions (+ to +++) to MI were further examined regarding history, clinical characteristics and eliciting products, which were categorized into 34 types and 4 classes (leave-on, rinse-off, household, occupational). The results were compared with the reference year 2015. Results: A total of 317 patients, n = 202 of 4278 tested in 2016 (4.72%) and n = 115 of 3879 tested in 2017 (2.96%), had positive reactions to MI; the previous result from 2015 was 5.97% (P < 0.0001). The share of currently relevant contact allergy among all positive reactions declined significantly as well (P = 0.0032). Concerning product classes, a relative decline of leave-on and a relative increase of rinse-off and household products was noted. Conclusion: The prevalence of MI contact allergy decreased by 50% from 2015 to 2017. As a consequence of regulation, the share of cosmetics products (leave-on in particular) eliciting allergic contact dermatitis is decreasing. The chosen method of analysing causative products in sensitized patients has proven useful to monitor effects of intervention.
|
|
| 7. |
- von Kobyletzki, Laura B., 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
Prevalence of dermatitis including allergic contact dermatitis from medical devices used by children and adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus : A systematic review and questionnaire study
- 2024
-
In: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 38:7, s. 1329-1346
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Use of medical devices (MDs), that is, glucose sensors and insulin pumps, in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) has proven an enormous advantage for disease control. Adverse skin reactions from these MDs may however hamper compliance. The objective of this study was to systematically review and analyse studies assessing the prevalence and incidence of dermatitis, including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) related to MDs used in patients with T1D and to compare referral routes and the clinical investigation routines between clinics being part of the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG). A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases of full-text studies reporting incidence and prevalence of dermatitis in persons with T1D using MDs was conducted until December 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. The inventory performed at EECRDG clinics focused on referral routes, patient numbers and the diagnostic process. Among the 3145 screened abstracts, 39 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies included data on children only, 14 studies were on adults and nine studies reported data on both children and adults. Participants were exposed to a broad range of devices. Skin reactions were rarely specified. It was found that both the diagnostic process and referral routes differ in different centres. Further data on the prevalence of skin reactions related to MDs in individuals with T1D is needed and particularly studies where the skin reactions are correctly diagnosed. A correct diagnosis is delayed or hampered by the fact that, at present, the actual substances within the MDs are not declared, are changed without notice and the commercially available test materials are not adequately updated. Within Europe, routines for referral should be made more standardized to improve the diagnostic procedure when investigating patients with possible ACD from MDs.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Arance, Ana, et al.
(author)
-
Phase II LEAP-004 Study of Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab for Melanoma With Confirmed Progression on a Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 or Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibitor Given as Monotherapy or in Combination.
- 2023
-
In: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 1527-7755. ; 41:1, s. 75-85
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effective treatments are needed for melanoma that progresses on inhibitors of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1). We conducted the phase II LEAP-004 study to evaluate the combination of the multikinase inhibitor lenvatinib and the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in this population (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03776136).Eligible patients with unresectable stage III-IV melanoma with confirmed progressive disease (PD) within 12 weeks of the last dose of a PD-1/L1 inhibitor given alone or with other therapies, including cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, received lenvatinib 20 mg orally once daily plus ≤ 35 doses of pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks until PD or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST, version 1.1, by independent central review.A total of 103 patients were enrolled and treated. The median study follow-up was 15.3 months. ORR in the total population was 21.4% (95% CI, 13.9 to 30.5), with three (2.9%) complete responses and 19 (18.4%) partial responses. The median duration of response was 8.3 months (range, 3.2-15.9+). ORR was 33.3% in the 30 patients with PD on prior anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 therapy. The median progression-free survival and overall survival in the total population were 4.2 months (95% CI, 3.8 to 7.1) and 14.0 months (95% CI, 10.8 to not reached), respectively. Grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 47 (45.6%) patients, most commonly hypertension (21.4%); one patient died from a treatment-related event (decreased platelet count).Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab provides clinically meaningful, durable responses in patients with advanced melanoma with confirmed PD on prior PD-1/L1 inhibitor-based therapy, including those with PD on anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 therapy. The safety profile was as expected. These data support lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab as a potential regimen for this population of high unmet need.
|
|
| 11. |
- Bruze, M., et al.
(author)
-
Validation of questionnaire algorithm based on repeated open application testing with the constituents of fragrance mix II : the EDEN Fragrance Study
- 2021
-
In: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 35:8, s. 1692-1701
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In a European study on contact allergy in the general population, it has been hypothesized that the combination of contact allergy to a fragrance together with a history indicating dermatitis at exposure and thereafter subsequent avoidance of scented products implied a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to validate this hypothesis/algorithm. The secondary aim was to investigate whether there was any association between the outcome of the recent repeated open application test (ROAT) and the patch test reactivity. Methods: One hundred nine subjects with and without contact allergy to fragrance mix II (FM II) were recruited. Volunteers from six European dermatology clinics participated in the study including a patch test and a ROAT. Results: Twenty-four positive ROAT reactions were noted in total including 20 of those 32 with contact allergy to FM II. None of the volunteers reacted to the vehicle (P < 0.001). More individuals with a positive algorithm had positive ROATs when compared with those with a negative algorithm. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.12). The lower the patch test concentration eliciting a positive test reaction, the more likely was a positive ROAT and the more likely that the positive ROAT appeared early during the investigative period. Conclusions: The algorithm used in this study was not validated but it was indicated in this ROAT setup. The stronger the patch test reactivity the more likely was a positive ROAT and the more likely it was that the positive ROAT appeared early during the application period.
|
|
| 12. |
- Frosch, PJ, et al.
(author)
-
Patch testing with a new fragrance mix detects additional patients sensitive to perfumes and missed by the current fragrance mix
- 2005
-
In: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 52:4, s. 207-215
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The currently used 8% fragrance mix (FM I) does not identify all patients with a positive history of adverse reactions to fragrances. A new FM II with 6 frequently used chemicals was evaluated in 1701 consecutive patients patch tested in 6 dermatological centres in Europe. FM II was tested in 3 concentrations - 28% FM II contained 5% hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (Lyral((R))), 2% citral, 5% farnesol, 5% coumarin, 1% citronellol and 10%alpha-hexyl-cinnamic aldehyde; in 14% FM II, the single constituents' concentration was lowered to 50% and in 2.8% FM II to 10%. Each patient was classified regarding a history of adverse reactions to fragrances: certain, probable, questionable, none. Positive reactions to FM I occurred in 6.5% of the patients. Positive reactions to FM II were dose-dependent and increased from 1.3% (2.8% FM II), through 2.9% (14% FM II) to 4.1% (28% FM II). Reactions classified as doubtful or irritant varied considerably between the 6 centres, with a mean value of 7.2% for FM I and means ranging from 1.8% to 10.6% for FM II. 8.7% of the tested patients had a certain fragrance history. Of these, 25.2% were positive to FM I; reactivity to FM II was again dose-dependent and ranged from 8.1% to 17.6% in this subgroup. Comparing 2 groups of history - certain and none - values for sensitivity and specificity were calculated: sensitivity: FM I, 25.2%; 2.8% FM II, 8.1%; 14% FM II, 13.5%; 28% FM II, 17.6%; specificity: FM I, 96.5%; 2.8% FM II, 99.5%; 14% FM II, 98.8%; 28% FM II, 98.1%. 31/70 patients (44.3%) positive to 28% FM II were negative to FM I, with 14% FM II this proportion being 16/50 (32%). In the group of patients with a certain history, a total of 7 patients were found reacting to FM II only. Conversely, in the group of patients without any fragrance history, there were significantly more positive reactions to FM I than to any concentration of FM II. In conclusion, the new FM II detects additional patients sensitive to fragrances missed by FM I; the number of false-positive reactions is lower with FM II than with FM I. Considering sensitivity, specificity and the frequency of doubtful reactions, the medium concentration, 14% FM II, seems to be the most appropriate diagnostic screening tool.
|
|
| 13. |
- Frosch, PJ, et al.
(author)
-
Patch testing with a new fragrance mix - reactivity to the individual constituents and chemical detection in relevant cosmetic products
- 2005
-
In: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 52:4, s. 216-225
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new fragrance mix (FM II), with 6 frequently used chemicals not present in the currently used fragrance mix (FM I), was evaluated in 6 dermatological centres in Europe, as previously reported. In this publication, test results with the individual constituents and after repeated open application test (ROAT) of FM II are described. Furthermore, cosmetic products which had caused a contact dermatitis in patients were analysed for the presence of the individual constituents. In 1701 patients, the individual constituents of the medium (14%) and the highest (28%) concentration of FM II were simultaneously applied with the new mix at 3 concentrations (break-down testing for the lowest concentration of FM II (2.8%) was performed only if the mix was positive). ROAT was performed with the concentration of the FM II which had produced a positive or doubtful (+ or ?+) patch test reaction. Patients' products were analysed for the 6 target compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: 50 patients (2.9%) showed a positive reaction to 14% FM II and 70 patients (4.1%) to 28% FM II. 24/50 (48%) produced a positive reaction to 1 or more of the individual constituents of 14% FM II and 38/70 (54.3%) to 28% FM II, respectively. If doubtful reactions to individual constituents are included, the break-down testing was positive in 74% and 70%, respectively. Patients with a positive reaction to 14% FM II showed a higher rate of reactions to the individual constituent of the 28% FM II: 36/50 (72%). Positive reactions to individual constituents in patients negative to FM II were exceedingly rare. If doubtful reactions are regarded as negative, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the medium concentration of FM II towards at least 1 individual constituent was 92.3% (exact 95% confidence interval 74.9-99.1%), 98.4% (97.7-99.0%), 48% (33.7-62.6%) and 99.9% (99.6-"100.0%), respectively. For the high concentration, the figures were very similar. The frequency of positive reactions to the individual constituents in descending order was the same for both FM II concentrations: hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (Lyral((R))) > citral > farnesol > citronellol > alpha-hexyl-cinnamic aldehyde (AHCA). No unequivocally positive reaction to coumarin was observed. Lyral((R)) was the dominant individual constituent, with positive reactions in 36% of patients reacting to 14% FM II and 37.1% to 28% FM II. 5/11 patients developed a positive ROAT after a median of 7 days (range 2-10). The 5 patients with a doubtful or negative reaction to 28% FM II were all ROAT negative except 1. There were 7 patients with a certain fragrance history and a positive reaction to either 28% or 14% FM II but a negative reaction to FM I. Analysis with GC-MS in a total of 24 products obtained from 12 patients showed at least 1-5 individual constituents per product: Lyral((R)) (79.2%), citronellol (87.5%), AHCA (58.3%), citral (50%) and coumarin (50%). The patients were patch test positive to Lyral((R)), citral and AHCA. In conclusion, patients with a certain fragrance history and a negative reaction to FM I can be identified by FM II. Testing with individual constituents is positive in about 50% of cases reacting to either 14% or 28% FM II.
|
|
| 14. |
- Hamnerius, N., et al.
(author)
-
Hand eczema in healthcare workers : a questionnaire survey of risk factors and work-related exposures
- 2016
-
In: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 75:S1
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Recent data on the prevalence and causes of hand eczema among healthcare workers in Sweden are lacking. Multidrug-resistant bacteria have necessitated improved hand hygiene and preventive measures. This has led to an increase in the use of disposable rubber gloves and hand disinfectants, which might influence the risk of hand eczema. Our aims were to identify healthcare workers with hand eczema; to estimate quantitative and qualitative exposure to rubber gloves, hand disinfectants and other exposures; and to survey constitutional factors. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to all employees at the hospitals in southern Sweden. The results were statistically analysed using χ2-tests and binary logistic regression. The 1-year prevalence of self-reported hand eczema was 20% among the responding 9051 nurses and physicians. On a daily basis, 30% reported hand washing >20 times at work, 45% reported using hand disinfectants >50 times, and 28% used >20 pairs of nonsterile rubber gloves. The prevalence of hand eczema was significantly higher among the employees reporting a higher exposure to hand washing, hand disinfectants and rubber gloves than in those reporting a lower exposure. The prevalence of hand eczema was also significantly higher among respondents with a history of childhood eczema, who were smokers, who had a body mass index >30 kgm-2, who spent >30 min per day working in the kitchen or who had children aged
|
|
| 15. |
- Hamnerius, N., et al.
(author)
-
In Vivo Testing of the Protective Effect of Gloves
- 2022. - 3rd
-
In: Protective Gloves for Occupational Use. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9780367649050 - 9781003126874 ; , s. 171-181
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of protective gloves is of importance in workplaces where hazardous chemicals are handled, including the chemical industry, the plastic industry, as well as in environments such as dental practices, hairdressing, and beauty salons. Occupational dermatology can provide crucial advice regarding how to avoid or protect the patient against allergens found in the work environment and provide the patient with important information and advice regarding the correct use of gloves. This chapter provides a review of in vitro and in vivo testing of gloves, with a focus on an in vivo model developed for testing different glove materials against hazardous materials while also mimicking workplace conditions. The in vitro methods for testing can be adapted to simulate the strain from glove movement. However, in vitro methods have their limitations with regards to the interaction between the glove and the skin, the effect of occlusion, or possible chemical interaction. Thus, in vivo evaluation is needed to supplement the in vitro testing of available protective materials.
|
|
| 16. |
- Hamnerius, N, et al.
(author)
-
Wet work exposure and hand eczema among healthcare workers - a cross-sectional study
- 2018
-
In: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 178:2, s. 452-461
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hand eczema is more common in healthcare workers compared to the general population. The hands are subject to changing occupational exposures due to mandatory hygiene regulations for health care workers.OBJECTIVES: To describe the exposure due to hygiene procedures and investigate the associations between occupational hand washing, use of non-sterile gloves, and hand disinfectant and self-reported hand eczema.METHODS: Cross-sectional study with an electronic questionnaire distributed to 28 762 hospital employees in southern Sweden. Respondents working as nurses, assistant nurses or physicians constituted the group of healthcare workers analysed. Adjustments were made for gender, age, wet work at home, life-style factors and atopic dermatitis.RESULTS: 12 288 (43%) responded including 9051 healthcare workers. In this group the 1-year prevalence of self-reported hand eczema was 21%. On a daily basis, 30% reported hand washing with soap >20 times at work, 45% used hand disinfectants >50 times, and 54% used non-sterile gloves > 2 hours. After adjustment for confounding factors, a dose-dependent association with self-reported hand eczema was found for the daily number of hand washes with soap at work and time working with disposable gloves, but not for alcoholic disinfectant use. Hand washing outside work was not associated with self-reported hand eczema in the adjusted multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found a higher 1-year prevalence of self-reported hand eczema among Swedish healthcare workers than reported in the general population. Hand washing with soap and use of disposable gloves were associated with the occurrence of self-reported hand eczema in a dose-dependent way. Use of hand disinfectant was not associated with self-reported hand eczema. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 17. |
- Isaksson, Marléne, et al.
(author)
-
Suitable test concentration of cobalt and concomitant reactivity to nickel and chromium. A multicentre study from the Swedish Contact Dermatitis Research Group
- 2021
-
In: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 84:3, s. 153-158
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background In Sweden, cobalt chloride 0.5% has been included in the baseline series since the mid-1980s. A recent study from Stockholm showed that cobalt chloride 1% petrolatum (pet.) was more suitable than 0.5%. Cobalt chloride at 1.0% has been patch tested for decades in many European countries and around the world. Objectives To study the suitability of patch testing to cobalt 1.0% vs 0.5% and to analyze the co-occurrence of allergy to cobalt, chromium, and nickel. Results Contact allergy to cobalt was shown in 90 patients (6.6%). Eighty (5.9%) patients tested positive to cobalt 1.0%. Thirty-seven of the 90 patients (41.1%) with cobalt allergy were missed by cobalt 0.5% and 10 (0.7%) were missed by cobalt 1.0% (P < .001). No case of patch test sensitization was reported. Allergy to chromium was seen in 2.6% and allergy to nickel in 13.3%. Solitary allergy to cobalt without nickel allergy was shown in 61.1% of cobalt-positive individuals. Female patients had larger proportions of positive reactions to cobalt (P = .036) and nickel (P < .001) than males. Conclusion The results speak in favor of replacing cobalt chloride 0.5% with cobalt chloride 1.0% pet. in the Swedish baseline series, which will be done 2021.
|
|
| 18. |
- Johansen, JD, et al.
(author)
-
Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde-known as Lyral (R): quantitative aspects and risk assessment of an important fragrance allergen
- 2003
-
In: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 48:6, s. 310-316
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, also known as Lyral(R), is a fragrance ingredient identified as the cause of contact allergic reactions in 2-3% of eczema patients undergoing patch testing. Lyral(R) has been included in the standard patch test series in many clinics due to its importance as an allergen. It has been used without restrictions in cosmetic products, until now. In the present study, the dose-response relationship of Lyral(R) contact allergy was studied with doses relevant for normal exposure in cosmetic products. 18 eczema patients, who previously had given a positive patch test to Lyral(R) 5% petrolatum, were included along with 7 control subjects. All cases were tested with a serial dilution of Lyral(R) in ethanol 6% to 6 p.p.m and subjected to a 2-week, repeated open application test with a low dose of Lyral(R) in ethanol. In the case of no reaction, this was followed by another 2 weeks of testing with a higher dose. The test was performed at the volar aspect of the forearm. In 16 of 18 cases (89%), a positive use test developed, 11 reacting to the low and 5 to the high concentration. None reacted to the vehicle control of ethanol applied to the contralateral arm. All controls were negative to both the test solutions of Lyral(R) and the ethanol control. The difference between the test and the control group was statistically significant (Fisher's test, P < 0.001). It is concluded that Lyral(R) at the current usage levels is inducing sensitization in the community. The same levels were shown to elicit allergic contact dermatitis in almost all sensitized individuals. A significant reduction in usage concentrations is recommended to prevent contact allergic reactions.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Matura, M, et al.
(author)
-
Selected oxidized fragrance terpenes are common contact allergens
- 2005
-
In: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 52:6, s. 320-328
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Terpenes are widely used fragrance compounds in fine fragrances, but also in domestic and occupational products. Terpenes oxidize easily due to autoxidation on air exposure. Previous studies have shown that limonene, linalool and caryophyllene are not allergenic themselves but readily form allergenic products on air-exposure. This study aimed to determine the frequency and characteristics of allergic reactions to selected oxidized fragrance terpenes other than limonene. In total 1511 consecutive dermatitis patients in 6 European dermatology centres were patch tested with oxidized fragrance terpenes and some oxidation fractions and compounds. Oxidized linalool and its hydroperoxide fraction were found to be common contact allergens. Of the patients tested, 1.3% showed a positive reaction to oxidized linalool and 1.1% to the hydroperoxide fraction. About 0.5% of the patients reacted to oxidized caryophyllene whereas 1 patient reacted to oxidized myrcene. Of the patients reacting to the oxidized terpenes, 58% had fragrance-related contact allergy and/or a positive history for adverse reaction to fragrances. Autoxidation of fragrance terpenes contributes greatly to fragrance allergy, which emphasizes the need of testing with compounds that patients are actually exposed to and not only with the ingredients originally applied in commercial formulations.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Ogueta, I. A., et al.
(author)
-
Limonene and linalool hydroperoxides review: Pros and cons for routine patch testing
- 2022
-
In: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 87:1, s. 1-12
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Limonene and linalool are among the most common fragrance terpenes used in everyday products. They are pre-haptens, forming hydroperoxides (Lim-OOHs, Lin-OOHs) upon oxidation and inducing frequent positive patch test reactions in patients with dermatitis, and yet they are not routinely tested in Europe. This review evaluates current patch testing with Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs by asking whether hydroperoxide patch testing is warranted, examining the difficulties or challenges related to reading and interpreting hydroperoxide patch test results with currently available material, and assessing their relevance. Studies are increasingly pointing to high percentages of positive reactions in patients consecutively patch tested with these oxidized products. An association between a positive clinical history and a strong patch test reaction has been described, but problems with doubtful/irritant reactions have also been reported. Considering the high frequency of relevant positive reactions, the incorporation of Lim-OOHs 0.3% and Lin-OOHs 1% in the baseline series may be justified. Since exposure, sensitization, and elicitation limits of Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs in the products still need to be better determined, an assessment of previous exposure, possible sensitizations, and reactions may help to improve the clinical assessment.
|
|
| 25. |
- Passlov, H. M., et al.
(author)
-
Hand strength and dexterity in individuals with hand eczema
- 2020
-
In: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 34:12, s. 2856-2862
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Patients with hand eczema often describe symptoms such as pain, clumsiness and difficulty flexing their fingers, thus impairing the function of the hand. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether hand eczema is associated with a measurable impairment of hand strength and dexterity. We also studied the relationship between hand function and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL), pain level and quality of life measured with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Methods: Twenty-one participants with ongoing hand eczema were examined with well-established methods for measuring hand grip strength, pinch strength and dexterity. A questionnaire was designed to investigate perceived ability to perform ADL. The participants were also asked to grade their current pain level, and the DLQI was used to assess the participants' quality of life. A group of 12 participants was reinvestigated when healed. Results: The participants demonstrated a significant improvement in all functional tests when healed. There was a strong correlation between ADL and both dexterity and hand grip strength. There was also a strong correlation between ADL and pain. All participants reported some difficulty performing ADL. Conclusions: Our results suggest that ongoing hand eczema may lead to a measurable decrease of strength and dexterity of the hand, leading to an impairment of the ability to perform ADL and consequently to a poorer quality of life.
|
|
