| 1. |
- Gourdon, Mathias, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Pulp mill biorefineries
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Process Integration Jubilee Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden, March 18-20 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Badr, Sara, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Combined basic and fine chemical biorefinery concepts with integration of processes at different technology readiness levels
- 2018
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Ingår i: Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. - 1570-7946. ; 43, s. 1577-1582
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biorefineries offer promising alternatives to the use of fossil fuels to produce energy and chemicals. This work describes the development of a biorefinery concept to produce adipic acid from Swedish forest residues and lutein from micro-algae. A description is provided for each process line available, its technology readiness level (TRL) and the tools available to model it. Scenarios of the integrated concept are built with associated material flow analysis. Key results of the material inventory of the base case scenario are presented as well as insights into the development of further scenarios. Material flow inventories can then be further used for economic and environmental assessment. Major challenges of integration are discussed in terms of uncertainties and data gaps for processes with low TRL such as scaling up lab experiments, understanding the restrictions of material recycling and its impact on process performance. The feedback given through these scenarios can help guide further experimental efforts.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Beiron, Johanna, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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The role of BECCS in providing negative emissions in Sweden under competing interests for forest-based biomass
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Negative emissions are needed to meet climate mitigation targets and can be achieved through the capture and storage of biogenic CO2 emissions (BECCS). Sweden holds a large potential for BECCS from the industry and heat and power sectors. This work provides a first assessment of how the conditions for BECCS in Sweden are impacted by competition for forest-based biomass from other sectors, in this work represented by production of transportation fuels. An optimization model is applied to study how demand levels for negative emissions and biofuels, and availability of forestry resources, influence the optimal system design considering the electricity, district heating and biomass sectors. BECCS and direct air capture technologies are available for investments in the model. The results show that biomass availability and biofuel demand have a large impact on the choice of negative emission technology, where high competition for biomass favours DACCS rather than BECCS. The available biomass is prioritized for use in fuel production and sets the upper limit for BECCS. In this work, CHP plants are more competitive for BECCS implementation than pulp mills, due to the energy penalty for CHP plants having a smaller impact on the overall energy system performance. The findings indicate that in addition to considering techno-economic assessments of individual technologies, it is important to take into account the system context in which they operate.
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Fredrik, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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A new method of scaling the gramian based input-output pairing methods for improved results
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A key problem in the application of process control systems is to decide which inputs should control which outputs. There are multiple ways to solve this problem, among them using gramian based measures, which include the Hankel interaction index array, the participation matrix and the Σ2 method. These methods take into account system dynamics as opposed to many other methods which only consider the steady-state system. However, the gramian based methods have issues with input and output scaling. Generally, this is resolved by scaling all inputs and outputs to have equal range. We will, however, demonstrate how this can result in an incorrect pairing. Further, we examine scaling of the gramian based measures, using either row or column sums, or by utilizing the Sinkhorn-Knopp algorithm instead. Then, to more systematically analyze the benefits of the scaling schemes, a multiple input multiple output model generator is used to test the different schemes on a large number of systems. This, along with implementation of automatic controller tuning, allows for a statistical comparison of the scaling methods. This assessment shows considerable benefits to be gained from the alternative scaling of the gramian based measures, especially when using the Sinkhorn-Knopp algorithm. The use of this method also has the advantage that the results are completely independent of the original scaling of the inputs and outputs.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Fredrik, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Resolving issues of scaling for gramian-based input–output pairing methods
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Control. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7179 .- 1366-5820. ; 95:3, s. 679-691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key problem in process control is to decide which inputs should control which outputs. There are multiple ways to solve this problem, among them using gramian-based measures, which include the Hankel interaction index array, the participation matrix and the (Formula presented.) method. The gramian-based measures, however, have issues with input and output scaling. Generally, this is resolved by scaling all inputs and outputs to have equal range. However, we demonstrate how this can result in an incorrect pairing and examine alternative methods of scaling the gramian-based measures, using either row or column sums or by utilising the Sinkhorn-Knopp algorithm. To systematically analyse the benefits of the scaling schemes, a multiple-input multiple-output model generator is used to test the different schemes on a large number of systems. This assessment shows considerable benefits to be gained from the alternative scaling of the gramian-based measures, especially when using the Sinkhorn-Knopp algorithm.
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| 9. |
- Beyer, Luisa I., et al.
(författare)
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Mimicking Nonribosomal Peptides from the Marine Actinomycete Streptomyces sp. H-KF8 Leads to Antimicrobial Peptides
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Infectious Diseases. - 2373-8227. ; 10:1, s. 79-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microorganisms within the marine environment have been shown to be very effective sources of naturally produced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Several nonribosomal peptides were identified based on genome mining predictions of Streptomyces sp. H-KF8, a marine Actinomycetota isolated from a remote Northern Chilean Patagonian fjord. Based on these predictions, a series of eight peptides, including cyclic peptides, were designed and chemically synthesized. Six of these peptides showed antimicrobial activity. Mode of action studies suggest that two of these peptides potentially act on the cell membrane via a novel mechanism allowing the passage of small ions, resulting in the dissipation of the membrane potential. This study shows that though structurally similar peptides, determined by NMR spectroscopy, the incorporation of small sequence mutations results in a dramatic influence on their bioactivity including mode of action. The qualified hit sequence can serve as a basis for more potent AMPs in future studies.
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| 10. |
- Bokinge, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of process decarbonisation on future targets for excess heat delivery from an industrial process plant
- 2020
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Ingår i: Eceee Industrial Summer Study Proceedings. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. - 9789198387865 ; 2020-September, s. 233-242
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of industrial excess heat for purposes such as district heating has the potential to contribute to societal targets for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. However, to meet the ambitious national and international climate targets set for 2050, a breadth of different decarbonisation pathways are required, not least in the industrial sector. These include a transition to bio-based and recycled feedstock and fuels, carbon capture and storage, and electrification. Such profound changes of industrial processes and energy systems are likely to affect the availability of excess heat from these plants, and a better understanding of how the excess heat potentials might change is needed in order to utilise excess heat in ways that can be resource-efficient also in the long-term. In this paper, we present a systematic approach which can be used to analyse how different decarbonisation options may affect the potential future availability of excess heat at a specific plant site. The approach is based on the use of consistent, energy targeting methods based on pinch analysis tools, and therefore relies on comprehensive data about process heating and cooling demands. To illustrate the approach, we demonstrate results from two industrial case studies in which different decarbonisation measures are assumed to be implemented. The case studies were selected from a case study portfolio, which includes relevant and site-specific process and energy data for a large share of Swedish industrial process sites. The results show that deep decarbonisation can have significant impact on the availability and temperature profile of industrial excess heat, illustrating the importance of accounting for future process development when estimating excess heat potentials.
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| 11. |
- Bonhivers, Jean-Christophe, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between pinch analysis and bridge analysis to retrofit the heat exchanger network of a kraft pulp mill
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311. ; 70:1, s. 369-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pinch analysis is based on the hot, cold and grand composite curves and is the most commonly-used approach to identify strategies for reducing energy consumption by heat exchanger network retrofit. This method was originally developed for the synthesis of new networks, and there remain certain difficulties for its application to improve existing networks. The advanced composite curves have been developed for retrofit situations specifically, and use data about existing heat exchangers to provide more information about the modifications necessary to achieve heat savings. Bridge analysis, which is based on the energy transfer diagram, is a new method and enumerates the sets of heat transfer modifications necessary to save energy. In this paper, the grand composite curve, the advanced composite curves and the energy transfer diagram have been constructed for analysis of the heat exchanger network of a kraft pulp mill. Links between these methods are made explicit; then results are discussed and compared. It is shown that the information provided by these approaches is consistent; however, the level of detail progressively increases from the grand composite curve to the advanced composite curves until the energy transfer diagram. Fundamentally, reducing the energy consumption implies decreasing the flow rate of heat cascaded through the network from the hot utility until the environment. As a consequence, any heat savings solution includes network modifications bridging coolers to heaters. Traditional pinch analysis does not provide information about the network modifications required after removal of cross-pinch transfers, while the advanced composite curves indicate the heat savings potential attainable through modifications of few existing heat exchanger units. Bridge analysis provides more detail about heat savings modifications, which bridge existing heaters and coolers, than traditional pinch analysis and the advanced composite curves do.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bonhivers, Jean-Christophe, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Transfer Diagram for Site-Wide Analysis and Application to a Kraft Pulp Mill
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311. ; 75, s. 547-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In industrial processes, heat is transferred from the heating utilities to the environment or converted to another form of energy. Process operations and heat exchanges decrease the level of energy quality; i.e., heat is cascaded to lower temperatures. The energy transfer diagram (ETD), which has been recently developed, indicates the flow rate of heat transferred from the utilities to the environment through each process operation and each heat exchanger as a function of temperature. This tool can be used to identify heat savings projects by modification of the process units and the heat-exchanger network (HEN). However, in a larger sense the diagram indicates the flow rate of energy transferred through any system as a function of the level of energy quality, and can be used for the analysis of a complete plant, including the thermal, chemical, mechanical and electrical transformations. This paper presents new developments to consider energy conversion with the ETD, the application to an entire kraft pulp mill, including the HEN, the process operations, and the utility system, and results from site-wide analysis.
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| 14. |
- Bucardo, Filemon, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic susceptibility to symptomatic norovirus infection in Nicaragua
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 81:4, s. 728-735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Host genetic resistance to Norovirus (NoV) has been observed in challenge and outbreak studies in populations from Europe, Asia, and USA. In this study, we have investigated if histo-blood group antigens can predict susceptibility to diarrhea caused by NoV in Nicaragua, Central America, and if this can be reflected in antibody-prevalence and titer to NoV among individuals with different histo-blood group antigen phenotypes. Investigation of 28 individuals infected with NoV and 131 population controls revealed 6% of non-secretors in the population and nil non-secretors among patients infected with NoV, suggesting that non-secretors may be protected against NoV disease in Nicaragua. Surprisingly, 25% of the population was Lewis negative (Le(a-b-)). NoV infections with genogroup I (GI) and GII occurred irrespective of Lewis genotype, but none of the Lewis a positive (Le(a + b-)) were infected. The globally dominating GII.4 virus infected individuals of all blood groups except AB (n = 5), while the GI viruses (n = 4) infected only blood type O individuals. Furthermore, O blood types were susceptible to infections with GI.4, GII.4, GII.7, GII.17, and GII.18-Nica viruses, suggesting that secretors with blood type O are susceptible (OR = 1.52) and non-secretors resistant. The overall antibody-prevalence to NoV GII.3 VLP was 62% with the highest prevalence among blood type B carriers (70%) followed by A (68%) and O (62%). All four investigated individuals carrying blood type AB were antibody-negative. Among secretors, 63% were antibody-positive compared to 33% among non-secretors (P = 0.151). This study extends previous knowledge about the histo-blood group antigens role in NoV disease in a population with different genetic background than North American and European.
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| 15. |
- Cruz, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Electricity generation from low and medium temperature industrial excess heat in the kraft pulp and paper industry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073 .- 1996-1073. ; 14:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recovery and utilisation of industrial excess heat has been identified as an important contribution for energy efficiency by reducing primary energy demand. Previous works, based on top-down studies for a few sectors, or regional case studies estimated the overall availability of industrial excess heat. A more detailed analysis is required to allow the estimation of potentials for specific heat recovery technologies, particularly regarding excess heat temperature profiles. This work combines process integration methods and regression analysis to obtain cogeneration targets, detailed excess heat temperature profiles and estimations of electricity generation potentials from low and medium temperature excess heat. The work is based on the use of excess heat temperature (XHT) signatures for individual sites and regression analysis using publicly available data, obtaining estimations of the technical potential for electricity generation from low and medium temperature excess heat (60–140◦ C) for the whole Swedish kraft pulp and paper industry. The results show a technical potential to increase the electricity production at kraft mills in Sweden by 10 to 13%, depending on the level of process integration considered, and a lower availability of excess heat than previously estimated in studies for the sector. The approach used could be adapted and applied in other sectors and regions, increasing the level of detail at which industrial excess heat estimations are obtained when compared to previous studies.
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| 16. |
- Ekholm, David, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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En strategi för samverkan och rörelse
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten handlar om Region Östergötlands folkhälsopolitiska strategi Sätt Östergötland i rörelse. Strategin utgör en ram för ett folkhälsoarbete som genomförs genom samverkan mellan en rad olika aktörer från olika sektorer och organisationer för att bidra till att befolkningen i Östergötland ökar sin fysiska aktivitet. Strategins mål är att sprida kunskap till olika aktörer om varför fysisk aktivitet är viktigt för exempelvis hälsa, jämlikhet, lärande, miljö och tillväxt, att genom inspiration och vägledning skapa positiva attityder hos samverkande aktörer samt att skapa beteendeförändringar hos de människor som deltar i aktiviteter inom ramen för strategin.Forskningsstudiens syfte är att skapa förståelse för hur strategin har genomförts, hur den uppfattas från olika deltagande aktörer samt att identifiera olika mekanismer i samverkan mellan aktörer som kan påverka huruvida strategin har förutsättningar att nå sina ambitioner. Följande frågeställningar undersöks särskilt: Hur går samverkan till i praktiken och hur upplever olika aktörer denna samverkan? Hur uppfattar olika samverkande aktörer mål och syfte med sitt och andras deltagande i strategin? Vilka delar i samverkansarbetet kan identifieras som mekanismer som påverkar hur strategins ambitioner kan förverkligas? Hur kan verksamheter inom ramen för Sätt Östergötland i rörelse följas upp och utvärderas med avseende på att värdera projektets måluppfyllelse? Forskningsstudien bygger på fokusgruppsintervjuer med aktörer involverade i strategin såsom regionpolitiker, regionstabspersoner, kommuntjänstepersoner, företrädare för organisationer i civilsamhället samt företrädare för en exempelkommun. Analysen tar avstamp i en antropologisk tradition av studier om politiskt beslutsfattande och förvaltning som riktar fokus mot hur policyprocessen är en praktik som präglas av de som deltar i den, deras föreställningar, förmågor och viljor.I presentationen av rapportens resultat lyfter vi fram hur samverkan sker genom en strategi där olika webbplattformar med exempel på fysiska aktiviteter kan utformas och spridas. Här lyfter vi också hur denna samverkan bygger på hur regionens politiska mål villkorar verksamheten, liksom hur andra aktörer i kommunerna och i civilsamhället aktiveras för att utveckla och bidra med exempel på aktiviteter som kan spridas. Vi visar vidare hur betydelsen av komplementära bidrag från olika aktörer framträder som ett centralt inslag ifråga om hur samverkan beskrivs. I det avseendet betonas inte minst den roll som civilsamhället tillskrivs, som en länk för att nå ut till särskilda målgrupper, som särskilt viktig. Möjligheterna med samverkan gäller framförallt hur olika aktörer kan bidra med olika resurser, kunskaper och insatser. Möjligheterna handlar också om att det innebär ett kostnadseffektivt sätt att arbeta på, inte minst när civilsamhällets organisationer bidrar med att utforma tjänster och aktiviteter för fysisk aktivitet och rörelse. Samtidigt betonas, i relation till samverkan, olika slags hinder för att realisera strategin, hinder som särskilt betonar de olika politiska, förvaltningsmässiga och organisatoriska villkor som gäller för olika aktörer i regionen, kommunerna och i civilsamhället. Eftersom sådana olika villkor skapar olika förutsättningar för delaktighet blir de viktiga att kommunicera kring. Aktörerna behöver skapa förståelse för varandras olika villkor för deltagande och samverkan, erkänna olika slags intressen och kalibrera mellan konflikterande målbilder för de olika aktörernas engagemang i strategin. I sådan kommunikation lyfts återkommande betydelsen av tillit fram för att möjliggöra samverkan. Analysen visar vidare hur samverkan inom ramen för strategin innebär en särskild form av informell styrning som inte framstår som hierarkisk eller tvingande, utan som opererar mer i termer av inspiration och tillhandahållande av exempel. Strategin Sätt Östergötland i rörelse som styrningsform skapar olika möjligheter för de samverkande aktörerna att bidra i folkhälsoarbetet men skapar samtidigt särskilda utmaningar som behöver hanteras. Sådana utmaningar handlar särskilt om otydlighet ifråga om strategins verktyg och medel samt hur dessa ska bidra till de politiska målen om ökad rörelse och fysisk aktivitet. Att strategins övergripande programteori antingen inte är fullt definierad eller framstår som fullt förankrad hos alla samverkande aktörer skapar vissa svårigheter för olika aktörer att tydligt förstå sin roll och de förväntningar som kan riktas mot den från andra aktörer. För att förverkliga högt ställda ambitioner gällande strategin behöver de samverkande aktörerna på ett mer grundläggande sätt förstå sin egen och andra aktörers roller. De behöver dessutom förstå att strategin utgör en förhållandevis abstrakt infrastruktur som ska möjliggöra utveckling och spridning av aktiviteter som goda exempel, mer än att vara en uppsättning befintliga aktiviteter som kan implementeras i verksamhet. Utöver att skapa inspiration och ett icke förpliktigande engagemang, erbjuder strategin dessutom en tolkningsram för enskilda aktörer att förstå sina egna verksamheter och aktiviteter som del i ett folkhälsopolitiskt sammanhang.Dessa resultat diskuteras fördjupat med fokus på strategins organisatoriska villkor för samverkan, särskilt med fokus på att identifiera de mekanismer som kan påverka möjligheterna att göra verklighet av strategins målsättningar. Här betonas olika aspekter av tydliggöranden kring och särskilt betydelsen av bred förankring av strategins programteori. En förankrad förståelse för relationen mellan strategins medel och mål behöver inte reglera hur aktiviteter för rörelse och fysisk aktivitet utvecklas eller bedrivs, men behöver ligga till grund för en delad och förankrad förståelse för de organisatoriska relationerna kring hur sådana aktiviteter kan utformas på en mångfald av sätt. Dessutom diskuteras hur detta sätt att styra kan förstås – som kännetecknas just av en komplementär idé om samverkan, hur olika aktörer kan aktiveras och styras på avstånd, genom spridning av goda exempel – kan förstås som en inspirationens biopolitik. Med det menar vi en politik som riktar sig mot att skapa hälsa och en livskraftig befolkning genom att använda sig av inspiration som medel och verktyg för att få olika aktörer att engagera sig i detta. Inspirationens biopolitik framträder som en möjlighet att nå ut till utsatta befolkningsgrupper, genom aktivering av civilsamhällets organisationer. Den framträder också som en möjlighet att bedriva storskaligt och ambitiöst folkhälsoarbete i tider av ekonomisk åtstramning och minskat investeringsutrymme för offentliga verksamheter. Därtill framträder inspirationens biopolitik som en möjlighet att styra utan formella regleringar av de samverkande aktörernas ageranden. Reflektion kring villkoren för samverkan och strategiskt arbete inom ramen för politiska målsättningar är central för att olika aktörer själva ska kunna utveckla verksamhet. I dessa avseenden kan rapporten bidra till strategin Sätt Östergötland i rörelses mål att möjliggöra rörelse och fysisk aktivitet hos befolkningen i Östergötland.
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| 17. |
- Eklund, Elin, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Quasi-experimental evaluation of municipal ice cleat distribution programmes for older adults in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 29:5, s. 378-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionFall injuries caused by icy road conditions are a prevalent public health problem during winters in Sweden, especially in older populations. To combat this problem, many Swedish municipalities have distributed ice cleats to older adults. While previous research has shown promising results, there is a lack of comprehensive empirical data on the effectiveness of ice cleat distribution. We address this gap by investigating the impact of these distribution programmes on ice-related fall injuries among older adults. MethodsWe combined survey data on ice cleat distribution in Swedish municipalities with injury data from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR). The survey was used to identify municipalities that have distributed ice cleats to older adults at some point between 2001 and 2019. Data from NPR were used to identify municipality-level data on patients who have been treated for injuries related to snow and ice. We used a triple differences design-a generalisation of difference in differences-that compared ice-related fall injury rates before and after intervention in 73 treatment and 200 control municipalities, with unexposed age groups serving as within-municipality controls. ResultsWe estimate that the average ice cleat distribution programmes reduced ice-related fall injury rates by -0.24 (95% CI -0.49 to 0.02) per 1000 person-winters. The impact estimate was larger in municipalities that distributed more ice cleats (-0.38 (95% CI -0.76 to -0.09)). No similar patterns were found for fall injuries unrelated to snow and ice. ConclusionOur results suggest that ice cleat distribution can decrease the incidence of ice-related injuries among older adults.
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Karin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-study on the establishment of a research collaboration between industrial energy systems and process control at Chalmers
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project described in this report has been to create a platform for collaboration between the research areas of industrial energy systems and process control at Chalmers. The authors of this report, belonging to the division of Heat and Power Technology, the Automatic control group and to CIT Industriell Energi, are convinced that a close collaboration between these areas could generate benefits for the process industry including •Improved efficiency with respect to energy•Improved opportunities to ensure satisfying operability•Improved process stability and product uniformity•Intensified utilization of available process equipment•Increased profitabilityIn accordance with the project scope, an inventory of relevant academic literature and of past and ongoing activities within the relevant research community has been conducted. Firstly, this inventory recognizes that researchers at Lehigh University (US), NTNU (Norway) and Carnegie Mellon University (US) have been strongly involved in the establishment of a research field commonly referred to as Integrated design and control. It is found that the research questions that are in the interest of the project partners largely can be attributed to this field. Other related labels used, and investigated as part of the project, are plant-wide control and heat exchanger network control. In a specific section of the report, definitions of important terms like operability, controllability and flexibility are given and commented on. Secondly, international research groups of special interest that has been identified are presented. In this category, I2C2 at University of Auckland and CAPEC at Technical University of Denmark can be mentioned. Relevant publications of the above mentioned research groups and their associates have been studied and are commented on in the report. Special emphasize has been put on review papers and on recent publications. Furthermore, the project has mapped the competences, experience and interest of the project partners. On this basis, the following keywords were identified:•Retrofit•Bio-based processes•Pulp and paper industry•Real life case studies•Industrial co-operation•Economic evaluation•Simulation•Scale up challengesThis list was used during discussions on research questions and project ideas for future collaboration. This project has provided the partners an opportunity to obtain deeper insight into each other’s knowledge and experiences, and, moreover, research areas of common interest have been recognized. To further develop the collaboration, the next step seems to imply joint participation in specific research projects. Research questions of interest and ideas for future projects are presented in the full report. This relates to the prevailing possibilities to apply for research grant - an issue that is addressed lastly in this report. In relation to this it should be noted that there is a program on Industrial Process Automation, supported by Vinnova, the Swedish Energy Agency and Formas, that is soon to be launched. A strategy for monitoring calls from this program as well as other relevant programs was formulated. As a result of the work in this project, it has also been possible to formulate proposals for two specific PhD-student projects within the Preem-Chalmers cooperation. These proposals take the outcome of this project into account and include opportunities to further develop the collaboration between industrial energy systems and process control at Chalmers.
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| 19. |
- Harvey, Simon, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis and synthesis of utility systems, including heat pumping and combined heat and power
- 2022
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Ingår i: Handbook of Process Integration (PI): Minimisation of Energy and Water Use, Waste and Emissions. - 9780128238509 ; , s. 187-215
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter discusses pinch analysis methods and tools to analyze and synthesize heat and power utility systems for industrial processes. The chapter first reviews the basic concepts for using the grand composite curve as a targeting tool. It then discusses the application of this tool for the synthesis and design of utility systems of central relevance in industrial practice, such as centralized heating systems, combined heat and power production, and industrial heat pumps.
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| 20. |
- Iandolo, Beniamino, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Tailoring Charge Recombination in Photoelectrodes Using Oxide Nanostructures
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 16:4, s. 2381-2386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimizing semiconductor devices for solar energy conversion requires an explicit control of the recombination of photogenerated electron hole pairs. Here we show how the recombination of charge carriers can be controlled in semiconductor thin films by surface patterning with oxide nanodisks. The control mechanism relies on the formation of dipole-like electric fields at the interface that, depending on the field direction, attract or repel minority carriers from underneath the disks. The charge recombination rate can be controlled through the choice of oxide material and the surface coverage of nanodisks. We provide proof-of-principle demonstration of this approach by patterning the surface of Fe2O3, one of the most studied semiconductors for light-driven water splitting, with TiO2 and Cu2O nanodisks. We expect this method to be generally applicable to a range of semiconductor-based solar energy conversion devices.
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| 21. |
- Jannasch, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunities and barriers for implementation of Power-to-X (P2X) technologies in the West Sweden Chemicals and Materials Cluster's process industries
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The interest for industrial electrification is currently increasing rapidly as it has been identified as one important strategy for achieving climate neutrality. This is for example illustrated by the initialization of several larger industrial cross-sectorial projects (e.g. HYBRIT, CemZero, co-operation Preem-Vattenfall) and supporting R&D-programs in Sweden and Europe during the past few years. Recently, the chemical industry in the Swedish region Västra Götaland has also shown an increasing interest for P2X, and the initiative Klimatledande processindustri (KPI) (in eng. Climate smart industry), coordinated by the West Sweden Chemicals and Materials Cluster, has identified P2X as a prioritized R&D area. The purpose of this project was to identify opportunities and barriers for the introduction of P2X technologies in the process industries of the West Sweden Chemicals and Materials Cluster, with emphasis on the chemical and refinery industry in Västra Götaland and Södra´s pulp mill in Värö, Halland. The mapping was carried out for current conditions and markets (electricity, heat) as well as future scenarios, and the results provide a basis for a regional road map for industrial electrification in the region. Another aim of the project was to identify priority areas for continued development and innovation within the framework of the KPI initiative. The analysis and the conclusions of the project are based on information collected from open literature and interviews with the participating industries and organizations. The results of the project indicate clearly that the driving forces for industrial transformation and P2X within the West Sweden Chemicals and Materials Cluster are currently variable and different depending on the industrial sector. The refineries' interest in P2X and other transformative measures, e.g. biomass and CCUS, is primarily driven by the Swedish emissions reduction obligation, while the chemical industry expresses the shift to the circular economy as the main driver for P2X. Södra, as a forest industry and net producer of electricity, can contribute significantly to this transformation by supplying electricity and excess biomass at the same time as they have their own goal “Fossil-free transport in 2030”, in which increased electrification is one of the solutions. Neither the European Emissions Trading (EU-ETS) for CO2 nor the possibility of being an active player in an increasingly flexible electricity market provide significant incentives for electrification in West Sweden process industries. There are many P2X technologies for producing different products, with widely different technology readiness levels (TRL) and suitability depending on the industrial sector. Within the cluster's oil refinery industry, there are concrete plans within the next few years for establishing P2H2 at demonstration scale. In the longer term, it is conceivable that the refinery industry will implement large-scale P2H2 concepts to satisfy a significant fraction of the hydrogen gas needs of their refinery operations (Preem), or even implement electro-fuel production, e.g. electro-methanol (Preem, St1). In addition, the SME company Liquid Wind is targeting for up to five regionally located electro-methanol plants. Borealis mainly expresses interest in various forms of P2heat, while Perstorp in the long run sees interesting opportunities in P2acids. A number of barriers have been identified for the implementation of the different P2X technologies, such as low TRL levels, high costs, uncertainties linked to integration aspects and impact on existing processes and systems, access to carbon dioxide, water and electricity at one site if electro-fuel production, etc. Other barriers raised by the industries are the lack of long-term policy and funding. However, the most significant barrier that was pointed out for large scale P2X implementation concerns uncertainty regarding the availability of fossil-free or renewable electricity capacity at competitive prices in combination with long lead times for permitting processes and expansion of the electricity grid (up to 10-12 years). The sum of the expressed power needs associated with a moderate electrification pathway (i.e. investments that are either likely to occur or that are at the planning stage) presented by the interviewed industries corresponds to a doubling of current power demand levels. A more speculative extensive electrification scenario beyond 2030 (i.e. assuming that all electrification concepts discussed during the interviews are implemented by 2045), the total power need becomes just over 10 times larger than today´s and would most likely require extensive grid reinforcements. But even with the moderate electrification plans, grid reinforcements could be needed, especially if they coincide with electrification of other sectors. This highlights the need for open and active communication between industries and power grid operators about future plans and possibilities. Finally, a number of suggestions for further work in the field have been identified, including for example development and demonstration of different advanced P2X-technologies, inventories and implementations of heat pumps, the role of P2X in relation to other pathways (based on biomass, CCS, CCU) and how to design and integrate the P2X-technologies at the overall sites, where P2X is usually only one part of the solution.
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| 22. |
- Janssen, Mathias, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental assessment of a biorefinery concept for production of bulk and fine chemicals
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Moving from a fossil-based to a bio-based economy requires the development of new technologies and process concepts for the production of bio-based energy, chemicals and materials. Biorefinery concepts can be designed by integrating such technologies in order to provide environmentally and economically attractive alternatives to produce bulk and fine chemicals. This paper presents life cycle and techno-economic assessments of a novel biorefinery concept, in its early stages of development, for the combined production of adipic acid from forest residues and of lutein from micro-algae. Adipic acid is a bulk chemical with a yearly production of approximately 2.3 million tonnes, and is primarily used for the production of nylon-6,6. Conventional adipic acid production from fossil resources causes significant emissions of N2O due to the use of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent. This conventional production can thus lead to a significant climate impact if these emissions are not sufficiently mitigated. Lutein is a high added-value chemical used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and is conventionally produced from marigold flowers. The biorefinery concept in this work consists of the pretreatment of forest residues, the separation of lignin (which is an important by-product), and the hydrolysis and fermentation of the pretreated forest residues to adipic acid which is then separated and purified. Water, nutrients and CO2 flows from the adipic acid production can be connected to the algae production. The lutein is extracted from the micro-algae using methanol. Anaerobic digestion is used in this concept to produce biogas (another important by-product) from waste streams. The biorefinery concept thus comprises technologies that are at different technology readiness levels (TRLs), from as low as a TRL of 2 for the fermentation process, to a TRL of 9 for the anaerobic digestion process. Twelve design variants of the biorefinery concept were modelled and simulated based on experimental and literature data. These variants aimed at narrowing down uncertainties about, for instance, the performance of the fermentation process. The data and information resulting from the simulations of the design variants were used 1) to compile the life cycle inventories for the LCA of each of these variants, and to do the subsequent life cycle impact assessment, and 2) to determine the capital and operating costs in order to calculate the economic feasibility of the biorefinery design variants. The assessment of all variants provides a range for the environmental and economic performance of the biorefinery concept based on design choices and process conditions. Furthermore, scenarios for future energy systems were considered in order to assess the influence of the background system on the performance of the biorefinery concept. The results show that there is a large variation in the performance among the different design variants, where some designs can significantly improve the prospects for the bio-based adipic acid production. However, the results are strongly dependent on the foreground and background energy systems. The results provide valuable insights to industry and policy decision makers in order to guarantee an environmentally benign and economically feasible production of bulk and fine chemicals in a biorefinery.
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| 23. |
- Janssen, Mathias, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective LCA of a biorefinery concept for production of bulk and fine chemicals
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The move from a fossil-based to a bio-based economy requires the development of new technologies and process concepts for the production of bio-based energy, chemicals and materials. A biorefinery concept can be designed by integrating such technologies, and can thus provide a viable alternative to produce bulk and fine chemicals. This paper presents a prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) of a novel biorefinery concept, in its early stages of development, for the combined production of adipic acid from forest residues (GROT) and of lutein from micro-algae. Adipic acid is a high-volume chemical (yearly production of approx. 2.3 million tonnes) and is primarily used for the production of nylon-6,6. Conventional adipic acid production from fossil resources is characterized by significant emissions of N2O. Lutein is a high added-value chemical used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and is conventionally produced from marigold flowers. Furthermore, lignin is an important by-product. The biorefinery concept in this work consists of the pretreatment of GROT, the separation of lignin, and the hydrolysis and fermentation of the pretreated GROT to adipic acid which is then separated and purified. Water, nutrients and CO2 flows from the adipic acid production can be connected to the algae production. Anaerobic digestion is used in this concept to produce biogas from waste streams. Multiple design variants of the biorefinery concept, which is the foreground system, were modelled and simulated based on both experimental and literature data. These variants aimed at narrowing down uncertainties about, for instance, the most suitable GROT pretreatment options, available technologies for anaerobic digestion, and possible routes for further processing of lignin. The data and information resulting from the simulations of the design variants were used to compile the life cycle inventories of each of these variants. The assessment of these variants provides a range for the future environmental performance of the biorefinery concept based on design choices and process conditions. Furthermore, scenarios for future energy systems were considered in order to assess the influence of the background system on the environmental performance of the biorefinery concept. The results provide more relevant information and valuable insight to industry and policy decision makers in order to guarantee an environmentally benign future production of bulk and fine chemicals.
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| 24. |
- Johnsson, Filip, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Marginal Abatement Cost Curve of Industrial CO 2 Capture and Storage – A Swedish Case Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Energy Research. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-598X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is expected to play a key role to achieve deep emission cuts in the energy intensive industry sector. The implementation of carbon capture comes with a considerable investment cost and a significant effect on the plants operating cost, which both depend on site conditions, mainly due to differences in flue gas flow and composition and depending on the availability of excess heat that can be utilized to power the capture unit. In this study we map the costs required to install and operate amine-based post-combustion CO2 capture at all manufacturing plants in Sweden with annual emissions of 500 kt CO2 or more, of both fossil and of biogenic origin, of which there are 28 plants (including a petrochemical site, refineries, iron and steel plants, cement plants and pulp and paper mills). The work considers differences in the investment required as well as differences in potential for using excess heat to cover the steam demand of the capture process. We present the resulting total CO2 capture costs in the form of a marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) for the emission sources investigated. Cost estimations for a transport and storage system are also indicated. The MACC shows that CO2 capture applied to 28 industrial units capture CO2 emissions corresponding to more than 50% of Swedish total CO2 emissions (from all sectors) at a cost ranging from around 40 €/t CO2 to 110 €/t CO2, depending on emission source. Partial capture from the most suited sites may reduce capture cost and, thus, may serve as a low-cost option for introducing CCS. The cost for transport and storage will add some 25 to 40 €/t CO2, depending on location and type of transportation infrastructure.
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| 25. |
- Langner, Christian, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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A computational tool for analysing the response of complex heat exchanger networks to disturbances
- 2019
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF ECOS 2019 - THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EFFICIENCY, COST, OPTIMIZATION, SIMULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ENERGY SYSTEMS. ; 2019, s. 611-623
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The heat exchanger networks (HEN) in industrial heat recovery systems often consist of large and complex subsystems. Calculating the response of such HENs to disturbances, such as varying inlet conditions or changing heat transfer capacities, may be challenging due to the presence of, e.g. stream splits and recycle loops. Extensive modelling and/or trial and error calculations may be necessary. This applies also for the analysis of different retrofit proposals. Retrofit opportunities in industrial heat recovery systems are often constrained by operability considerations, i.e. retrofit actions are supposed to have as little impact as possible on the production process to maintain the quality of the core product. Consequently, there is a clear demand for a tool to effectively screen design proposals at an early stage in the design process. In this work, a computational analysis tool is proposed to meet this demand. The proposed analysis tool allows fast evaluation of the network response when operating conditions change and/or operational settings are manipulated, and it is applicable for a wide range of HEN structures. The practical use of the analysis tool is demonstrated in a case study on the HENs of a large state-of-the-art Kraft pulp mill.
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