| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Lindahl, Odd, et al.
(författare)
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Improving marine water quality by mussel farming: A profitable solution for Swedish society
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Allen Press Inc.. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 34:2, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eutrophication of coastal waters is a serious environmental problem with high costs for society globally. In eastern Skagerrak, reductions in eutrophication are planned through reduction of nitrogen inputs, but it is unclear how this can be achieved. One possible method is the cultivation of filter-feeding organisms, such as blue mussels, which remove nitrogen while generating seafood, fodder and agricultural fertilizer, thus recycling nutrients from sea to land. The expected effect of mussel farming on nitrogen cycling was modeled for the Gullmar Fjord on the Swedish west coast and it is shown that the net transport of nitrogen (sum of dissolved and particulate) at the fjord mouth was reduced by 20%. Existing commercial mussel farms already perform this service for free, but the benefits to society could be far greater. We suggest that rather than paying mussel farmers for their work that nutrient trading systems are introduced to improve coastal waters. In this context an alternative to nitrogen reduction in the sewage treatment plant in Lysekil community through mussel farming is presented. Accumulation of bio-toxins has been identified as the largest impediment to further expansion of commercial mussel farming in Sweden, but the problem seems to be manageable through new techniques and management strategies. On the basis of existing and potential regulations and payments, possible win-win solutions are suggested.
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| 3. |
- Backman, L., et al.
(författare)
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Steroid-free immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients and prograf monotherapy: an interim analysis of a prospective multicenter trial
- 2006
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Ingår i: Transplantation proceedings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-1345. ; 38:8, s. 2654-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report described an interim analysis of a investigator-driven multicenter trial in renal transplant recipients: the Prospective Quality of life Renal Transplantation Switch Study; Tacrolimus-based immunosuppression ("PQRST study"). Patients included in the trial initially treated with cyclosporine-based immunosuppression after renal transplantation who experienced side effects, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypertrichosis, or other adverse reactions, were converted to a tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen (n = 31). Steroids were subsequently discontinued between 3 and 6 months after the conversion. As of today 19/31 (50%) patients have been successfully weaned off steroids with the remaining patients in this process. In this interim analysis, with a follow-up ranging from 1 to 18 months both patient and graft survivals were 100%. No patient experienced an acute rejection episode; none of the grafts were lost. Blood pressure decreased in 22/31 (71%) of the patients. No patient developed de novo diabetes or other serious side effect related to the conversion. Three patients were withdrawn from the trial because of side effects: bleeding, depression, and proteinuria. However, none of these adverse events were felt to be directly related to the change of the immunosuppressive regimen to tacrolimus monotherapy. In conclusion, conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus-based therapy was safe and well tolerated; it may improve the cardiovascular risk profile after kidney transplantation.
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| 4. |
- Charlton, Judith, et al.
(författare)
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Naturalistic Observation of Children in Cars: An International Partnership
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is well known that in the rear seat of cars, small children squirm, slide, slump, sleep, play and interact with their fellow passengers. Our previous findings from a pilot study show that children rarely remain in an optimal position for the efficient functioning of their restraint systems throughout the duration of their journey. Such behaviours may not only affect restraint effectiveness but may also have a negative influence on driver performance and distraction. Moreover, quantification of children’s position and out-of-position (OOP) status (i.e., their actual position relative to the ideal position for which the technology was designed) has important implications for design of test programs using anthropomorphic test devices (ATD) intended to mimic the human occupant. For example, understanding true pre-crash positions may lead to different design specifications of rear seat restraint systems and energy management features of the vehicle interior compared with the kinds of solutions that might arise from evaluations with an in-position ATD. This paper builds on our preliminary research findings and describes the design of the first international large-scale study of children in cars which uses innovative methods to observe and quantify the positions of child occupants in cars and identify the injury effects of OOP status and its impact on driver distraction. The study will facilitate a paradigm-shifting advance in child occupant protection – from the concept of safety technology designed to protect an ideally positioned occupant to the concept of dynamic restraint systems that maintain optimal restraint over a range of expected child positions/movements in a vehicle. Outcomes of the research will directly inform the design of future restraints for children, the development of appropriate crash test procedures that account for natural positions of child occupants, and the development of community awareness messages to improve the safety of children.
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| 5. |
- Genzel, Jonny, et al.
(författare)
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An Open-Source Finite Element Model of a Generic Car Seat: Development and Validation for Low-Severity Rear Impact Evaluations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI. - : IRCOBI. - 2235-3151. ; 2022-September, s. 229-242, s. 229-242
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Finite Element model of a generic Laboratory Seat was developed to replicate a physical counterpart used in rear-impact volunteer tests. The Laboratory Seat has a simplified design, developed to facilitate replication in computational models. The seat has a flat rigid base and the seatback consists of four horizontal panels attached to side posts by coil springs. The seat model was validated with results from component tests and sled tests, including the Anthropomorphic Test Device, BioRID II. An initial test series was carried out to generate data for component validation: the first set of tests to characterise the coil spring properties; and the second set comprising Impactor Tests on Head Restraint Foam to assess the head restraint material properties. For system level validation, sled tests were conducted both with the empty Laboratory Seat and with the BioRID II. The BioRID II tests were conducted in conjunction with an earlier volunteer test study. Both the component and the sled tests were reproduced in a virtual environment. Good agreement was achieved between the mechanical tests and the computational simulations. The seat model is freely available to use: https://openvt.eu/fem/open-access-laboratory-seat-model.
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| 6. |
- Hasselqvist-Ax, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Dispatch of Firefighters and Police Officers in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest : A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Trial Using Propensity Score Analysis.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 6:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dispatch of basic life support-trained first responders equipped with automated external defibrillators in addition to advanced life support-trained emergency medical services personnel in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has, in some minor cohort studies, been associated with improved survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between basic life support plus advanced life support response and survival in OHCA at a national level.METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014. People who experienced OHCA in 9 Swedish counties covered by basic life support plus advanced life support response were compared with a propensity-matched contemporary control group of people who experienced OHCA in 12 counties where only emergency medical services was dispatched, providing advanced life support. Primary outcome was survival to 30 days. The analytic sample consisted of 2786 pairs (n=5572) derived from the total cohort of 7308 complete cases. The median time from emergency call to arrival of emergency medical services or first responder was 9 minutes in the intervention group versus 10 minutes in the controls (P<0.001). The proportion of patients admitted alive to the hospital after resuscitation was 31.4% (875/2786) in the intervention group versus 24.9% (694/2786) in the controls (conditional odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.57). Thirty-day survival was 9.5% (266/2786) in the intervention group versus 7.7% (214/2786) in the controls (conditional odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.54).CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide interventional trial, using propensity score matching, dispatch of first responders in addition to emergency medical services in OHCA was associated with a moderate, but significant, increase in 30-day survival.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02184468.
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| 7. |
- Hasselqvist-Ax, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
- 2015
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 372:24, s. 2307-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three million people in Sweden are trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Whether this training increases the frequency of bystander CPR or the survival rate among persons who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests has been questioned.
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| 8. |
- Hollenberg, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Difference in survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between the two largest cities in Sweden: a matter of time?
- 2005
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Ingår i: J Intern Med. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 257:3, s. 247-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dramatic differences in survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) reported from different geographical locations require analysis. We therefore compared patients with OHCA in the two largest cities in Sweden with regard to various factors at resuscitation and outcome. SETTING: All patients suffering an OHCA in Stockholm and Goteborg between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2001, in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted were included in this retrospective analysis. RESULTS: All together, 969 OHCA in Stockholm and 398 in Goteborg were registered during the 18-month study period. There were no differences in terms of age, gender, and percentage of witnessed cases or percentage of patients who had received bystander CPR. However, the percentage of patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) at arrival of the ambulance crew was 18% in Stockholm versus 31% in Goteborg (P <0.0001). The percentage of patients who were alive 1 month after cardiac arrest was 2.5% in Stockholm versus 6.8% in Goteborg (P=0.0008). Various time intervals such as cardiac arrest to calling for an ambulance, cardiac arrest to the start of CPR and calling for an ambulance to its arrival were all significantly longer in Stockholm than in Goteborg. CONCLUSION: Survival was almost three times higher in Goteborg than in Stockholm amongst patients suffering an OHCA. This is primarily explained by a higher occurrence of VF at the time of arrival of the ambulance crew, which in turn probably is explained by shorter delays in Goteborg. The reason for the difference in time intervals is most likely multifactorial, with a significantly higher ambulance density in Goteborg as one possible explanation.
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| 9. |
- Hollenberg, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Improved survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with an increase in proportion of emergency crew--witnessed cases and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1524-4539 .- 0009-7322. ; 118:4, s. 389-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health problem. We sought to describe changes in 1-month survival after OHCA in patients given cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during the last 14 years in Sweden. METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients experiencing OHCA in whom CPR was attempted between 1992 and 2005 and who were reported to the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Register were included in the study. In all, 38,646 patients were included in this survey. The proportion of patients who were admitted alive to a hospital increased from 15.3% in 1992 to 21.7% in 2005 (P for trend <0.0001). The corresponding values for patients being alive after 1 month were 4.8% and 7.3%, respectively (P for trend <0.0001). The increase in 1-month survival was particularly evident among patients found with a shockable rhythm (increase from 12.7% in 1992 to 22.3% in 2005; P for trend <0.0001). The corresponding figures for patients found with a nonshockable rhythm were 1.2% in 1992 and 2.3% in 2005 (P for trend=0.044). Factors that potentially contributed to the improved survival rate were an increase in emergency medical crew-witnessed cases from 9% in 1992 to 15% in 2005 (P for trend <0.0001) and, to a lesser degree, an increase in bystander CPR from 31% in 1992 to 50% in 2005 (P for trend <0.0001). After adjustment for potential risk factors, the increase in survival remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant increase in survival after OHCA in Sweden over the last 14 years. The increase was particularly marked among patients found with a shockable rhythm and was associated with an increase in the proportion of crew-witnessed cases and, to a lesser degree, an increase in the performance of bystander CPR.
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| 10. |
- Lindow, Helma, et al.
(författare)
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Integrerat kustzonsystem för Bohusläns skärgård
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SMHI har i samarbete med Länsstyrelsen i västra Götaland implementerat Kustzonssystemet i Bohusläns skärgård. Arbetet har pga. av sin omfattning indelats i två etapper. Kustzonssystemet är ett integrerat modellsystem där belastningen på kusten från land och atmosfär fastställs m.h.a. modeller. Syftet med kustzonssystemet är att modellerna skall vara så enkla som möjligt, för att kunna skapa långa tidsserier, och samtidigt kunna beskriva miljötillståndet i skärgården tillräckligt väl så att modellsystemet kan användas för exempelvis scenarioberäkningar. Bohuskusten kännetecknas av ett, på sina håll, komplicerat fjordsystem. Kustzonsmodellen är en s.k. en-dimensionell modell, som löser upp modellvariablerna i djupled, men beräknar ett horisontellt medelvärde i sitt område. För att kunna lösa upp de horisontella gradienterna i området måste modellområdet delas in i flertalet delbassänger. Indelningen av Kustzonsmodellens delbassänger följer i stort sett SVAR-indelningen. Detta innebär att för den norra delen av skärgården består modellen av 30 delbassänger. I den södra delen har vissa förenklingar kunnat göras, och några havsområden har kunnat slås samman i modellen och behandlats som en delbassäng. Genom dessa sammanslagningar har den södra skärgården delats in i 27 delbassänger. Modellen har simulerat en längre tidsserie i båda områdena. Observationer i Skagerack och Kattegatt driver modellen från öppna havet. En omfattande validering av modellen har genomförts m.h.a. observationer från Bohuskustens kontrollprogram. Därefter har in- och utflöden beräknats i varje bassäng för såväl total-kväve som total-fosfor.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Sultanian, Pedram, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac arrest in COVID-19 : characteristics and outcomes of in- and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A report from the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 42:11, s. 1094-1106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the characteristics and outcome among cardiac arrest cases with COVID-19 and differences between the pre-pandemic and the pandemic period in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).METHOD AND RESULTS: We included all patients reported to the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation from 1 January to 20 July 2020. We defined 16 March 2020 as the start of the pandemic. We assessed overall and 30-day mortality using Cox regression and logistic regression, respectively. We studied 1946 cases of OHCA and 1080 cases of IHCA during the entire period. During the pandemic, 88 (10.0%) of OHCAs and 72 (16.1%) of IHCAs had ongoing COVID-19. With regards to OHCA during the pandemic, the odds ratio for 30-day mortality in COVID-19-positive cases, compared with COVID-19-negative cases, was 3.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31-11.64]; the corresponding hazard ratio was 1.45 (95% CI 1.13-1.85). Adjusted 30-day survival was 4.7% for patients with COVID-19, 9.8% for patients without COVID-19, and 7.6% in the pre-pandemic period. With regards to IHCA during the pandemic, the odds ratio for COVID-19-positive cases, compared with COVID-19-negative cases, was 2.27 (95% CI 1.27-4.24); the corresponding hazard ratio was 1.48 (95% CI 1.09-2.01). Adjusted 30-day survival was 23.1% in COVID-19-positive cases, 39.5% in patients without COVID-19, and 36.4% in the pre-pandemic period.CONCLUSION: During the pandemic phase, COVID-19 was involved in at least 10% of all OHCAs and 16% of IHCAs, and, among COVID-19 cases, 30-day mortality was increased 3.4-fold in OHCA and 2.3-fold in IHCA.
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| 13. |
- Vedder, Benjamin, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Automated Testing of Ultra-Wideband Positioning for Autonomous Driving
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autonomous vehicles need accurate and dependable positioning, and these systems need to be tested extensively. We have evaluated positioning based on Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) ranging with our self-driving model car using a highly automated approach. Random drivable trajectories were generated, while the UWB position was compared against the Real-Time Kinematic Satellite Navigation (RTK-SN) positioning system that our model car also is equipped with. Fault injection was used to study the fault tolerance of the UWB positioning system. Addressed challenges are: automatically generating test cases for real-time hardware, restore the state between tests and to maintain safety by preventing collisions. We were able to automatically generate and carry out hundreds of experiments on the model car in real time, and re-run them consistently with and without fault injection enabled. Thereby we demonstrate one novel approach to perform automated testing on complex real-time hardware.
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| 14. |
- Vedder, Benjamin, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Automated Testing of Ultrawideband Positioning for Autonomous Driving
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Robotics. - London, UK : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9600 .- 1687-9619. ; 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous vehicles need accurate and dependable positioning, and these systems need to be tested extensively. We have evaluated positioning based on ultrawideband (UWB) ranging with our self-driving model car using a highly automated approach. Random drivable trajectories were generated, while the UWB position was compared against the Real-Time Kinematic Satellite Navigation (RTK-SN) positioning system which our model car also is equipped with. Fault injection was used to study the fault tolerance of the UWB positioning system. Addressed challenges are automatically generating test cases for real-time hardware, restoring the state between tests, and maintaining safety by preventing collisions. We were able to automatically generate and carry out hundreds of experiments on the model car in real time and rerun them consistently with and without fault injection enabled. Thereby, we demonstrate one novel approach to perform automated testing on complex real-time hardware.
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