| 1. |
- Aarnio, Harri, et al.
(författare)
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Recombination studies in a polyfluorene copolymer for photovoltaic applications
- 2005
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Ingår i: Synthetic Metals. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-6779. ; 155:2, s. 299-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present detailed continuous wave (cw) and transient photoinduced absorption (PA) measurements in thin films of a novel alternating polyfluorene copolymer, poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3-benzo-thiadiazole)] (DiO-PFDTBT), and its blends with the sol. fullerene deriv. [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester (PCBM) in wt. ratios of 1:0, 4:1 and 1:4. We measure the frequency, intensity and temp. dependence of the PA signal in the frequency domain, and compare with the results obtained from the transient PA decay measurements in the time domain. In all blends, the PA spectrum shows a broad high energy PA band ranging from .apprx.1 eV to 2 eV as well as a low energy band peaking at .apprx.0.35 eV. We attribute the low energy band to the P1 transition of polarons and part of the high energy band to the correlated P2 transition of polarons. Both frequency and time domain measurements show that the high energy band has two decay components, a faster component in the microsecond time regime and a slower component in the millisecond time regime. The slow component is strongly dispersive, whereas the fast component is practically non-dispersive. [on SciFinder (R)]
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| 2. |
- Admassie, Shimelis, et al.
(författare)
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A polymer photodiode using vapour-phase polymerized PEDOT as an anode
- 2006
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells. ; 90:2, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the photovoltaic properties of devices made using a highly conducting polymer electrode, from vapor-phase polymd. poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy) thiophene (VPP PEDOT) on glass substrate as an anode and a polyfluorene copolymer poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2thienyl-2',1'3'-benzothiadiazole)] (APFO-3) mixed with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methylester (PCBM) in the ratio of 1:4 as the active layer. The device performance was compared with that of devices made with PEDOT-PSS on glass substrates. The surfaces of VPP PEDOT were imaged using at. force microscopy (AFM). [on SciFinder (R)]
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| 3. |
- Ali, Abukar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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CTLA4-Ig but not anti-TNF therapy promotes staphylococcal septic arthritis in mice.
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Journal of infectious diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6613 .- 0022-1899. ; 212:8, s. 1308-1316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of biologics has greatly increased the quality of life as well as the life expectancy of many RA patients. However, a large number of these patients are at an increased risk of developing serious infections. The aim of this study was to examine differential effects of anti-TNF versus CTLA4-Ig treatment on both immunological response and host defense in a murine model of septic arthritis.
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| 4. |
- Ali, Abukar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Treatment Aggravates Staphylococcal Septic Arthritis and Sepsis in Mice.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is the primary therapy against autoinflammatory syndromes with robust efficacy in reducing systemic inflammation and associated organ injury. However, patients receiving IL-1Ra might be at increased risk of acquiring serious infections.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Karin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Down-regulation of survivin alleviates experimental arthritis.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of leukocyte biology. - 1938-3673. ; 97:1, s. 135-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survivin is a proto-oncogene that regulates cell division and apoptosis. It is a molecular marker of cancer. Recently, survivin has emerged as a feature of RA, associated with severe joint damage and poor treatment response. The present study examined if inhibition of survivin affects experimental arthritis, which was induced in mBSA-immunized mice by an injection of mBSA in the knee joint or developed spontaneously in collagen type II-immunized mice. The inhibition of survivin transcription by a lentivirus shRNA construct alleviated joint inflammation and reduced bone damage. The inhibition of survivin reduced the levels of metalloproteinases, β-catenin, and vimentin, limiting the invasive capacity of synovia, while no inhibition of osteoclastogenesis could be found. The inhibition of survivin led to a p53-independent reduction of T cell proliferation and favored the transcription and activity of Blimp-1, which limited IL-2 production and facilitated formation of regulatory Foxp3(+)CD4(+) and effector CD8(+) T cells. The study shows that the inhibition of survivin is sufficient to reduce joint inflammation and bone damage in preclinical models of arthritis. Antiarthritic effects of survivin inhibition are related to p53-independent control of lymphocyte proliferation.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Karin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Survivin co-ordinates formation of follicular T-cells acting in synergy with Bcl-6
- 2015
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 6:24, s. 20043-20057
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are recognized by the expression of CXCR5 and the transcriptional regulator Bcl-6. Tfh cells control B cell maturation and antibody production, and if deregulated, may lead to autoimmunity. Here, we study the role of the proto-oncogene survivin in the formation of Tfh cells. We show that blood Tfh cells of patients with the autoimmune condition rheumatoid arthritis, have intracellular expression of survivin. Survivin was co-localized with Bcl-6 in the nuclei of CXCR5(+)CD4 lymphocytes and was immunoprecipitated with the Bcl-6 responsive element of the target genes. Inhibition of survivin in arthritic mice led to the reduction of CXCR5(+) Tfh cells and to low production of autoantibodies. Exposure to survivin activated STAT3 and induced enrichment of PD-1(+)Bcl-6(+) subset within Tfh cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates that survivin belongs to the Tfh cell phenotype and ensures their optimal function by regulating transcriptional activity of Bcl-6.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Sofia E M, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 signaling enhances survivin expression in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survivin is known as an inhibitor of apoptosis and a positive regulator of cell division. We have recently identified survivin as a predictor of joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) is expressed in the inflamed joints and has adjuvant properties in arthritis. Studies on 90 RA patients (median age 60.5 years [range, 24-87], disease duration 10.5 years [range, 0-35]) show a strong positive association between the levels of survivin and Flt3L in blood. Here, we present experimental evidence connecting survivin and Flt3L signaling. Treatment of BALB/c mice with Flt3L led to an increase of survivin in the bone marrow and in splenic dendritic cells. Flt3L changed the profile of survivin splice variants, increasing transcription of the short survivin40 in the bone marrow. Treatment with an Flt3 inhibitor reduced total survivin expression in bone marrow and in the dendritic cell population in spleen. Inhibition of survivin transcription in mice, by shRNA lentiviral constructs, reduced the gene expression of Flt3L. We conclude that expression of survivin is a downstream event of Flt3 signaling, which serves as an essential mechanism supporting survival of leukocytes during their differentiation, and maturation of dendritic cells, in RA.
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| 8. |
- Bjoerstroem, Cecilia M., et al.
(författare)
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Multilayer formation in spin-coated thin films of low-bandgap polyfluorene: PCBM blends
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. ; 17:50, s. L529-L534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blends of the low-bandgap polymer poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl- 2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (APFO-3) and the fullerene deriv. [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester (PCBM) were spin-coated from chloroform soln. into thin films, which were examd. with dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry. For blends with high PCBM content, the depth profiles show compn. waves that were caused by surface-directed phase sepn. during spin-coating. The formation of such multilayer structures by spontaneous self-stratification probably has implications for optimization strategies for the performance of org. solar cells. [on SciFinder (R)]
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| 9. |
- Boström, Elisabeth Almer, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Resistin and insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling in rheumatoid arthritis.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Arthritis and rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 1529-0131 .- 0004-3591. ; 63:10, s. 2894-904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human resistin has proinflammatory properties that activate NF-κB-dependent pathways, whereas its murine counterpart is associated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to examine potential cross-talk between resistin and insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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| 10. |
- Brisslert, Mikael, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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S100A4 regulates the Src-tyrosine kinase dependent differentiation of Th17 cells in rheumatoid arthritis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Molecular Basis of Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4439. ; 1842:11, s. 2049-2059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the role of S100A4, a calcium-binding regulator of nonmuscle myosin assembly, for T-cell responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Arthritis was induced in the methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA)-immunized mice lacking the entire S100A4 protein (S100A4KO) and in wild-type counterparts treated with short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA)-lentiviral constructs targeting S100A4 (S100A4-shRNA). The severity of arthritis was evaluated morphologically. T-cell subsets were characterized by the expression of master transcription factors, and functionally by proliferation activity and cytokine production. The activity of the Scr-kinases Fyn and Lck was assessed by the autophosphorylation of C-terminal thyrosine and by the phosphorylation of the CD5 cytodomain. The interaction between S100A4 and the CD5 cytodomain was analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrophotometry. Results: S100A4-deficient mice (S100A4KO and S100A4-shRNA) had significantly alleviated morphological signs of arthritis and joint damage. Leukocyte infiltrates in the arthritic joints of S100A4-deficient mice accumulated Foxp3(+) Treg cells, while the number of ROR gamma t(+) and (pTyr705)STAT3(+) cells was reduced. S100A4-deficient mice had a limited formation of Th17-cells with low retinoic acid orphan receptor gamma t (ROR gamma t) mRNA and IL17 production in T-cell cultures. S100A4-deficient mice had a low expression and activity of T-cell receptor (TCR) inhibitor CD5 and low (pTyr705)STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), which led to increased (pTyr352)ZAP-70 (theta-chain associated protein kinase of 70 kDa), lymphocyte proliferation and production of IL2. In vitro experiments showed that S100A4 directly binds Lck and Fyn and reciprocally regulates their kinase activity towards the CD5 cytodomain. Spectrometry demonstrates an interaction between the CD5 cytodomain and EF2-binding sites of S100A4. Conclusion: The present. study demonstrates that S100A4 plays an important part in the pathogenesis of arthritis. It controls CD5-dependent differentiation of Th17 cells by regulating the activity of the Src-family kinases Lck and Fyn. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Caltagirone, Luca, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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LIDAR-Camera Fusion for Road Detection Using Fully Convolutional Neural Networks
- 2019
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Ingår i: Robotics and Autonomous Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8890. ; 111, s. 125-131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a deep learning approach has been developed to carry out road detection by fusing LIDAR point clouds and camera images. An unstructured and sparse point cloud is first projected onto the camera image plane and then upsampled to obtain a set of dense 2D images encoding spatial information. Several fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) are then trained to carry out road detection, either by using data from a single sensor, or by using three fusion strategies: early, late, and the newly proposed cross fusion. Whereas in the former two fusion approaches, the integration of multimodal information is carried out at a predefined depth level, the cross fusion FCN is designed to directly learn from data where to integrate information; this is accomplished by using trainable cross connections between the LIDAR and the camera processing branches. To further highlight the benefits of using a multimodal system for road detection, a data set consisting of visually challenging scenes was extracted from driving sequences of the KITTI raw data set. It was then demonstrated that, as expected, a purely camera-based FCN severely underperforms on this data set. A multimodal system, on the other hand, is still able to provide high accuracy. Finally, the proposed cross fusion FCN was evaluated on the KITTI road benchmark where it achieved excellent performance, with a MaxF score of 96.03%, ranking it among the top-performing approaches.
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| 13. |
- Caltagirone, Luca, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Lidar–camera semi-supervised learning for semantic segmentation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 21:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we investigated two issues: (1) How the fusion of lidar and camera data can improve semantic segmentation performance compared with the individual sensor modalities in a supervised learning context; and (2) How fusion can also be leveraged for semi-supervised learning in order to further improve performance and to adapt to new domains without requiring any additional labelled data. A comparative study was carried out by providing an experimental evaluation on networks trained in different setups using various scenarios from sunny days to rainy night scenes. The networks were tested for challenging, and less common, scenarios where cameras or lidars individually would not provide a reliable prediction. Our results suggest that semi-supervised learning and fusion techniques increase the overall performance of the network in challenging scenarios using less data annotations.
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| 14. |
- Ekstrand, Eva-Maria, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Methane potentials and organic matter characterization of wood fibres from pulp and paper mills : The influence of raw material, pulping process and bleaching technique
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the process of pulp- and papermaking, large volumes of fibre-rich primary sludge are generated. Anaerobic digestion of primary sludge offers a substantial potential for methane production as an alternative approach to the inefficient energy recoveries by commonly used incineration techniques. However, a systematic study of the importance of upstream process techniques for the methane potential of pulp fibres is lacking. Therefore, biochemical methane potentials were determined at mesophilic conditions for 20 types of fibres processed by a variety of pulping and bleaching techniques and from different raw materials. This included fibres from kraft, sulphite, semi-chemical, chemical thermo-mechanical (CTMP) and thermo-mechanical pulping plants and milled raw wood. The pulping technique was clearly important for the methane potential, with the highest potential achieved for kraft and sulphite fibres (390–400 Nml CH4 g VS−1). For raw wood and CTMP, hardwood fibres gave substantially more methane than the corresponding softwood fibres (240 compared to 50 Nml CH4 g VS−1 and 300 compared to 160 Nml CH4 g VS−1, respectively). Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of the organic content demonstrated that the relative lignin content of the fibres was an important factor for methane production, and that an observed positive effect of bleaching on the methane potential of softwood CTMP fibres was likely related to a higher degree of deacetylation and improved accessibility of the hemicellulose. In conclusion, fibres from kraft and sulphite pulping are promising substrates for methane production irrespective of raw material or bleaching, as well as fibres from CTMP pulping of hardwood.
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| 15. |
- Erlandsson, Malin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of metastasin S100A4 is essential for bone resorption and regulates osteoclast function.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biochimica et biophysica acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002. ; 1833:12, s. 2653-2663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- S100A4 is a Ca-binding protein that regulates cell growth, survival, and motility. The abundant expression of S100A4 in rheumatiod arthritis contributes to the invasive growth of joint tissue and to bone damage. In the present study, we analysed the role of S100A4 in bone homeostasis.
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| 16. |
- Erlandsson, Malin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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IGF-1R signalling contributes to IL-6 production and T cell dependent inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular basis of disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2728 .- 0925-4439. ; 1863:9, s. 2158-2170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Signalling through insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is essential for cell survival, but may turn pathogenic in uncontrolled tissue growth in tumours. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the IGF-1R signalling is activated and supports expansion of the inflamed synovia.In the present study, we assess if disruption of IGF-1R signalling resolves arthritis.Clinical associations of IGF-1R expression in leukocytes of the peripheral blood were studied in 84 RA patients. Consequences of the IGF-1R signalling inhibition for arthritis were studied in mBSA immunised Balb/c mice treated with NT157 compound promoting degradation of insulin receptor substrates.In RA patients, high expression of IGF-1R in leukocytes was associated with systemic inflammation as verified by higher expression of NF-kB, serum levels of IL6 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and higher pain perception. Additionally, phosphorylated IGF-1R and STAT3 enriched T cells infiltrate in RA synovia. Treatment with NT157 inhibited the phosphorylation of IGF-1R and STAT3 in synovia, and alleviated arthritis and joint damage in mice. It also reduced expression of IGF-1R and despaired ERK and Akt signalling in spleen T cells. This limited IL-6 production, changed RoRgt/FoxP3 balance and IL17 levels.IGF-1R signalling contributes to T cell dependent inflammation in arthritis. Inhibition of IGF-1R on the level of insulin receptor substrates alleviates arthritis by restricting IL6-dependent formation of Th17 cells and may open for new treatment strategies in RA.
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| 17. |
- Grahnemo, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Trabecular bone loss in collagen antibody-induced arthritis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased risk of developing osteoporosis due to chronic inflammation and estrogen deprivation. Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA), an experimental polyarthritis model representing the effector phase of arthritis, is mainly mediated by the innate immune system. Compared to the widely used collagen-induced arthritis model, CAIA is conveniently short and can be used in C57BL/6 mice, enabling studies with knock-out mice. However, the impact on bone of the CAIA model in C57BL/6 mice has not previously been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if CAIA can be used to study postmenopausal arthritis-induced osteoporosis. Methods: CAIA was induced by administration of collagen-type II antibodies and lipopolysaccharide to ovariectomized female C57BL/6J mice. Control mice received lipopolysaccharide, but no antibodies. Nine days later, femurs were collected for high-resolution micro-CT and histomorphometry. Serum was used to assess cartilage breakdown and levels of complement. Frequencies of immune cell subsets from bone marrow and lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometery. Results: Trabecular bone mass was decreased and associated with increased number of osteoclasts per bone surface in the CAIA model. Also, the frequency of interleukin-17(+) cells in lymph nodes was increased in CAIA. Conclusion: The present study show that CAIA, a short reproducible arthritis model that is compatible with C57BL/6 mice, is associated with increased number of osteoclasts and trabecular bone loss.
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| 18. |
- Hsieh, W. C., et al.
(författare)
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PTPN2 links colonic and joint inflammation in experimental autoimmune arthritis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Jci Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 5:20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loss-of-function variants of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) enhance risk of inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis; however, whether the association between PTPN2 and autoimmune arthritis depends on gut inflammation is unknown. Here we demonstrate that induction of subclinical intestinal inflammation exacerbates development of autoimmune arthritis in SKG mice. Ptpn2-haploinsufficient SKG mice - modeling human carriers of disease-associated variants of PTPN2 - displayed enhanced colitis-induced arthritis and joint accumulation of Tregs expressing RAR-related orphan receptor gamma T (ROR-gamma t) - a gut-enriched Treg subset that can undergo conversion into FoxP3 IL-17(+) arthritogenic exTregs. SKG colonic Tregs underwent higher conversion into arthritogenic exTregs when compared with peripheral Tregs, which was exacerbated by haploinsufficiency of Ptpn2. Ptpn2 haploinsufficiency led to selective joint accumulation of ROR gamma t-expressing Tregs expressing the colonic marker G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) in arthritic mice and selectively enhanced conversion of GPR15(+). Tregs into exTregs in vitro and in vivo. Inducible Treg-specific haploinsufficiency of Ptpn2 enhanced colitis-induced SKG arthritis and led to specific joint accumulation of GPR15(+). exTregs. Our data validate the SKG model for studies at the interface between intestinal and joint inflammation and suggest that arthritogenic variants of PTPN2 amplify the link between gut inflammation and arthritis through conversion of colonic Tregs into exTregs.
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| 19. |
- Inganaes, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Alternating fluorene copolymer-fullerene blend solar cells
- 2005
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Ingår i: Optical Science and Engineering. ; 99, s. 387-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new class of alternating fluorene copolymers, which can be combined with a fullerene acceptor, to make polymer blends suitable for photovoltaic energy conversion. By choice of comonomers in the polymer, it is possible to engineer the optical absorption spectrum and to cover the wavelength range down to 900 nm. The transport properties of the polymers investigated so far are competitive with other polymers used in polymer solar cells and the mixing of polymers with acceptors in the form of fullerenes is extensive. These polymers are therefore of interest in the future developments of high-performance polymer solar cells. [on SciFinder (R)]
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| 20. |
- Lingegård, Sofia, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Funktionsupphandling av järnvägsinfrastruktur
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid byggnation och underhåll av infrastruktur för järnväg används stora mängder av olika material, vilket medför stor miljöpåverkan från de tidiga produktionsstegen, till exempel råvaruutvinning. Hittills har Trafikverket inte haft något uttalad livscykeltänkande i sitt arbete med upphandlingar. Trafikverket behöver arbeta med miljöledning av nya produkter och välja de mest resurssnåla produkterna i ett livscykelperspektiv. En bättre planerad och förebyggande verksamhet för drift och underhåll skulle möjliggöra förlängd livslängd för järnvägsprodukter.Integrerade produkt‐ och tjänsteerbjudanden (till exempel funktions‐ eller resultatorienterade kontrakt) är en affärsmodell som används av allt fler företag. Affärsmodelltypen benämns ofta även som funktionsförsäljning och kan beskrivas som ett livscykelkontrakt med funktionsåtagande. Tidigare forskning har visat att denna typ av affärsmodell, ofta ökar drivkrafterna för förändring och därmed ökad kosteffektivitet och kvalitet ur ett livscykelperspektiv.Det övergripande syftet med det här projektet är att;ta fram metoder, som stödjer Trafikverket, att utveckla sina sätt att utformaupphandlingsspecifikationer.Mer specifikt så har det undersöks om integrerade produkt‐ och tjänsteerbjudande kan förbättra förvaltningen av järnvägsinfrastruktur, och vad skulle i sådant fall en implementering innebära för riskfaktorer samt hur kan kontrakten utvärderas ekonomiskt‐ och miljömässigt?
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| 21. |
- Svensson, K., et al.
(författare)
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Transverse expansion of the electron sheath during laser acceleration of protons
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics of Plasmas. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7674 .- 1070-664X. ; 24:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transverse expansion of the electrostatic sheath during target normal sheath acceleration of protons is investigated experimentally using a setup with two synchronized laser pulses. With the pulses spatially separated by less than three laser spot diameters, the resulting proton beam profiles become elliptical. By introducing a small intensity difference between the two pulses, the ellipses are rotated by a certain angle, except if the spatial separation of the two laser pulses is in the plane of incidence. The rotation angle is shown to depend on the relative intensity of the two pulses. The observed effects are found to require high temporal contrasts of the laser pulses. A simple model describing how the transverse shape of the electron sheath on the rear of the target depends on the relative intensity between the foci is presented. The model assumptions are verified, and the unknown dependence of the transverse extents of the sheaths are estimated self-consistently through a series of high resolution, two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The results predicted by the model are also shown to be consistent with those obtained from the experiment.
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| 22. |
- Svensson, Mattias, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand controls formation of regulatory T cells in autoimmune arthritis.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) is known as the primary differentiation and survival factor for dendritic cells (DCs). Furthermore, Flt3L is involved in the homeostatic feedback loop between DCs and regulatory T cell (Treg). We have previously shown that Flt3L accumulates in the synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and that local exposure to Flt3L aggravates arthritis in mice, suggesting a possible involvement in RA pathogenesis. In the present study we investigated the role of Flt3L on DC populations, Tregs as well as inflammatory responses in experimental antigen-induced arthritis. Arthritis was induced in mBSA-immunized mice by local knee injection of mBSA and Flt3L was provided by daily intraperitoneal injections. Flow cytometry analysis of spleen and lymph nodes revealed an increased formation of DCs and subsequently Tregs in mice treated with Flt3L. Flt3L-treatment was also associated with a reduced production of mBSA specific antibodies and reduced levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Morphological evaluation of mBSA injected joints revealed reduced joint destruction in Flt3L treated mice. The role of DCs in mBSA arthritis was further challenged in an adoptive transfer experiment. Transfer of DCs in combination with T-cells from mBSA immunized mice, predisposed naïve recipients for arthritis and production of mBSA specific antibodies. We provide experimental evidence that Flt3L has potent immunoregulatory properties. Flt3L facilitates formation of Treg cells and by this mechanism reduces severity of antigen-induced arthritis in mice. We suggest that high systemic levels of Flt3L have potential to modulate autoreactivity and autoimmunity.
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| 23. |
- Svensson, Mattias, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired signaling through the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor increases osteoclast formation and bone damage in arthritis.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of leukocyte biology. - 1938-3673. ; 99:3, s. 413-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that accumulate in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis causing severe bone damage. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand is enriched in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and local exposure to Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand aggravates arthritis in mice. Because Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand has been suggested to facilitate osteoclast differentiation, we asked whether Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand affects bone remodeling in arthritis. The effect of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 signaling on osteoclast development was studied by immunohistochemistry in methylated bovine serum albumin-induced arthritis using mice that lack the gene for Flt3l (Flt3L(-/-)) and by an in vitro assay. Bone and joint changes were studied morphologically and by microcomputer tomography. We found that Flt3L(-/-) mice had increased accumulations of osteoclasts in the periarticular area of the arthritic joint. This triggered bone destruction and trabecular bone loss. The increased number of osteoclasts in Flt3L(-/-) mice may be a consequence of insufficient expression of interferon regulatory factor 8. Treatment of Flt3L(-/-) mice with Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand increased expression of interferon regulatory factor 8, reduced the number of osteoclasts in arthritic mice, and promoted trabecular bone formation. Finally, the reduced number of regulatory T cells in the bone marrow of Flt3L(-/-) mice could further contribute to the increased osteoclastogenesis by reducing the ratio of regulatory T cells to T helper 17 cells. This study shows that Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand may serve as a negative regulator of osteoclast development by promoting transcription of interferon regulatory factor 8 and sustaining a balance between protective regulatory T cells and pathogenic T helper 17 cells in the pathogenesis of arthritis.
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| 24. |
- Svensson, Mattias, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Murine germinal center B cells require functional Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 signaling for IgG1 class-switch recombination.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 112:48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Switched antibody classes are important for efficient immune responses. Aberrant antibody production to otherwise harmless antigens may result in autoimmunity. The protein kinase fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (Flt3) has an important role during early B-cell development, but the role of Flt3 in peripheral B cells has not been assessed before. Herein we describe a previously unappreciated role for Flt3 in IgG1 class-switch recombination (CSR) and production. We show that Flt3 is reexpressed on B-cell lymphoma 6(+) germinal center B cells in vivo and following LPS activation of peripheral B cells in vitro. Absence of Flt3 signaling in Flt3 ligand-deficient mice results in impaired IgG1 CSR and accumulation of IgM-secreting plasma cells. On activated B cells, Flt3 is coexpressed and functions in synergy with the common-gamma chain receptor family. B cells from Flt3 ligand-deficient mice have impaired IL-4R signaling, with reduced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 6, and demonstrate a failure to initiate CSR to IgG1 with low expression of γ1 germ-line transcripts, resulting in impaired IgG1 production. Thus, functional synergy between Flt3 and IL-4R signaling is critical for Stat-mediated regulation of sterile γ1 germ-line transcripts and CSR to IgG1.
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| 25. |
- Wang, Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Photoinduced Charge Transfer and Efficient Solar Energy Conversion in a Blend of a Red Polyfluorene Copolymer with CdSe Nanoparticles
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. ; 6:8, s. 1789-1793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors present measurements of charge transfer and the photovoltaic effect in a blend of the alternating polyfluorene copolymer poly(2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)) with branched CdSe nanoparticles. Quasi-steady-state photoinduced absorption measurements identified a long-lived charged species that formed after photoexcitation at room temp. Photovoltaic devices based on this blend system showed a spectral response extending to 650 nm and gave a solar power conversion efficiency of 2.4% under Air Mass 1.5 Global (AM1.5G) conditions. [on SciFinder (R)]
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