| 1. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ades, M., et al.
(författare)
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Global Climate : in State of the climate in 2019
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 101:8, s. S17-S127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Ades, M., et al.
(författare)
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GLOBAL CLIMATE
- 2020
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Ingår i: BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 101:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hubert, D., et al.
(författare)
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Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb and occultation ozone profile data records
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 9:6, s. 2497-2534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of 14 limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20 and 40km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than ±5%, the short-term variabilities are less than 5-12% and the drifts are at most ±5%decade-1 (or even ±3%decade-1 for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10% and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY) and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses.
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| 8. |
- Abdelhafez, A. H. K., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Reduction on Glycemic Control in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bariatric Surgical Practice and Patient Care. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 2168-023X .- 2168-0248. ; 13:1, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) when adipose tissue is removed is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of the abdominoplasty and bariatric surgery on glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Methods: Patients with T2DM undergoing abdominoplasty for cosmesis were studied (n=25). Subjects were 36.91.3 years with a preoperative body mass index (BMI) of 40.60.5kg/m(2) and mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.4%+/- 0.2%. Fifteen matched patients undergoing bariatric surgery were selected as a comparator group. Weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), random blood glucose (RBG), and HbA1c were evaluated at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months postsurgery. Results: By 12 months, abdominoplasty reduced weight by 5.6 +/- 0.3kg p<0.01), and HbA1c was reduced to 6.8%+/- 0.3% (p<0.01). After 12 months, bariatric surgery reduced BMI from 42.2 +/- 1kg/m(2) to 26.6 +/- 0.4kg/m(2) (p<0.01). HbA1c reduced from 7.9%+/- 0.4% to 5.5%+/- 0.2% (p<0.01). WC was similar between both groups at 3 months, although HbA1c reductions were superior after bariatric surgery. Conclusions: Reducing subcutaneous adipose tissue with abdominoplasty results in a small improvement in glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Despite equivalent WC at 3 months, bariatric surgery outperformed abdominoplasty on all metabolic parameters then and thereafter.
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| 9. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 10. |
- Brohede, Samuel, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of Odin/OSIRIS stratospheric NO2 profiles
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 112:D07310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the validation study of stratospheric NO2 profiles retrieved from Odin/OSIRIS measurements of limb-scattered sunlight (version 2.4). The Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System (OSIRIS) NO2 data set is compared to coincident solar occultation measurements by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II, SAGE III, and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III during the 2002–2004 period. Comparisons with seven Systeme d'Analyse par Observation Zenithal (SAOZ) balloon measurements are also presented. All comparisons show good agreement, with differences, both random and systematic, of less than 20% between 25 km and 35 km. Inconsistencies with SAGE III below 25 km are found to be caused primarily by diurnal effects from varying NO2 concentrations along the SAGE III line-of-sight. On the basis of the differences, the OSIRIS random uncertainty is estimated to be 16% between 15 km and 25 km, 6% between 25 km and 35 km, and 9% between 35 km and 40 km. The estimated systematic uncertainty is about 22% between 15 and 25 km, 11–21% between 25 km and 35 km, and 11–31% between 35 km and 40 km. The uncertainties for AM (sunrise) profiles are generally largest and systematic deviations are found to be larger at equatorial latitudes. The results of this validation study show that the OSIRIS NO2 profiles are well behaved, with reasonable uncertainty estimates between 15 km and 40 km. This unique NO2 data set, with more than hemispheric coverage and high vertical resolution will be of particular interest for studies of nitrogen chemistry in the middle atmosphere, which is closely linked to ozone depletion.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Khan, Taha, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Parkinson's disease severity using speech analysis in non-native speakers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer speech & language (Print). - London, UK : Academic Press. - 0885-2308 .- 1095-8363. ; 61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Speech disorder is a common manifestation of Parkinson's disease with two main symptoms, dysprosody and dysphonia. Previous research studying objective measures of speech symptoms involved patients and examiners who were native language speakers. Measures such as cepstral separation difference (CSD) features to quantify dysphonia and dysprosody accurately distinguish the severity of speech impairment. Importantly CSD, together with other speech features, including Mel-frequency coefficients, fundamental-frequency variation, and spectral dynamics, characterize speech intelligibility in PD. However, non-native language speakers transfer phonological rules of their mother language that tamper speech assessment.Objectives: This paper explores CSD's capability: first, to quantify dysprosody and dysphonia of non-native language speakers, Parkinson patients and controls, and secondly, to characterize the severity of speech impairment when Parkinson's dysprosody accompanies non-native linguistic dysprosody.Methods: CSD features were extracted from 168 speech samples recorded from 19 healthy controls, 15 rehabilitated and 23 not-rehabilitated Parkinson patients in three different clinical speech tests based on Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale motor-speech examination. Statistical analyses were performed to compare groups using analysis of variance, intraclass correlation, and Guttman correlation coefficient µ2. Random forests were trained to classify the severity of speech impairment using CSD and the other speech features. Feature importance in classification was determined using permutation importance score.Results: Results showed that the CSD feature describing dysphonia was uninfluenced by non-native accents, strongly correlated with the clinical examination (µ2>0.5), and significantly discriminated between the healthy, rehabilitated, and not-rehabilitated patient groups based on the severity of speech symptoms. However, the feature describing dysprosody did not correlate with the clinical examination but significantly distinguished the groups. The classification model based on random forests and selected features characterized the severity of speech impairment of non-native language speakers with high accuracy. Importantly, the permutation importance score of the CSD feature representing dysphonia was the highest compared to other features. Results showed a strong negative correlation (µ2<-0.5) between L-dopa administration and the CSD features.Conclusions: Although non-native accents reduce speech intelligibility, the CSD features can accurately characterize speech impairment, which is not always possible in the clinical examination. Findings support using CSD for monitoring Parkinson's disease.© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Khan, Taha, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Movement Complexity
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. - Piscataway : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2168-2194 .- 2168-2208. ; 25:1, s. 227-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Aimless movement or wandering may be a symptom of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that arises as a consequence of confusion and forgetfulness. This paper presents a support vector machine (SVM) framework based on movement analysis for the prediction of the onset and progression of MCI.Methods: Movement data of 22 subjects with MCI, and 22 other healthy subjects, living independently in smart homes were collected for ten years using motion sensors. Features were extracted from the sensor data using movement metrics, including cyclomatic complexity, detrended fluctuation analysis, fractal index, entropy, and room transitions. Two different SVM classification algorithms were trained using the features, first to predict the progression of MCI in the post-transition period, and second to predict the onset of MCI in the pre-transition phase.Results: The two SVMs were able to detect the onset six months earlier than the clinical diagnosis. The model accuracy in classifying MCI increased monotonically from the onset month and reached maximum (81%) at the 11th post-transition month. The features of cyclomatic complexity contributed significantly to the prediction results.Conclusion: Findings support the use of movement complexity measures and machine learning for monitoring cognitive behavior in an independent living environment.© Copyright 2020 IEEE., All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Musa, Ahmed M, et al.
(författare)
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Paromomycin and Miltefosine Combination as an Alternative to Treat Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa : A Randomized, Controlled, Multicountry Trial.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 76:3, s. e1177-e1185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine whether paromomycin plus miltefosine (PM/MF) is noninferior to sodium stibogluconate plus paromomycin (SSG/PM) for treatment of primary visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Africa.METHODS: An open-label, phase 3, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in adult and pediatric patients at 7 sites in eastern Africa. Patients were randomly assigned to either 20 mg/kg paromomycin plus allometric dose of miltefosine (14 days), or 20 mg/kg sodium stibogluconate plus 15 mg/kg paromomycin (17 days). The primary endpoint was definitive cure after 6 months.RESULTS: Of 439 randomized patients, 424 completed the trial. Definitive cure at 6 months was 91.2% (155 of 170) and 91.8% (156 of 170) in the PM/MF and SSG/PM arms in primary efficacy modified intention-to-treat analysis (difference, 0.6%; 97.5% confidence interval [CI], -6.2 to 7.4), narrowly missing the noninferiority margin of 7%. In the per-protocol analysis, efficacy was 92% (149 of 162) and 91.7% (155 of 169) in the PM/MF and SSG/PM arms (difference, -0.3%; 97.5% CI, -7.0 to 6.5), demonstrating noninferiority. Treatments were well tolerated. Four of 18 serious adverse events were study drug-related, and 1 death was SSG-related. Allometric dosing ensured similar MF exposure in children (<12 years) and adults.CONCLUSIONS: PM/MF and SSG/PM efficacies were similar, and adverse drug reactions were as expected given the drugs safety profiles. With 1 less injection each day, reduced treatment duration, and no risk of SSG-associated life-threatening cardiotoxicity, PM/MF is a more patient-friendly alternative for children and adults with primary visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Africa. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03129646.
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| 20. |
- Zhu, Angela Yun, et al.
(författare)
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In Pursuit of Real Answers
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems. - Los Alamitos, Calif. : IEEE Press. - 9780769536781 - 9781424443598 ; , s. 115-122
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital computers permeate our physical world. This phenomenon creates a pressing need for tools that help us understand a priori how digital computers can affect their physical environment. In principle, simulation can be a powerful tool for animating models of the world. Today, however, there is not a single simulation environment that comes with a guarantee that the results of the simulationare determined purely by a real-valued model and not by artifacts of the digitized implementation. As such, simulation with guaranteed fidelity does not yet exist. Towards addressing this problem, we offer an expository account of what is known about exact real arithmetic. We argue that this technology, which has roots that are over 200 years old, bears significant promise as offering exactly the right technology to build simulation environments with guaranteed fidelity. And while it has only been sparsely studied in this large span of time, there are reasons to believe that the time is right to accelerate research in this direction.
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