| 1. |
- Koettgen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analyses identify 18 new loci associated with serum urate concentrations
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:2, s. 145-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated serum urate concentrations can cause gout, a prevalent and painful inflammatory arthritis. By combining data from >140,000 individuals of European ancestry within the Global Urate Genetics Consortium (GUGC), we identified and replicated 28 genome-wide significant loci in association with serum urate concentrations (18 new regions in or near TRIM46, INHBB, SEMBT1, TMEM171, VEGFA, BAZ1B, PRKAG2, STC1, HNF4G, A1CF, ATXN2, UBE2Q2, IGF1R, NFAT5, MAF, HLF, ACVR1B-ACVRL1 and B3GNT4). Associations for many of the loci were of similar magnitude in individuals of non-European ancestry. We further characterized these loci for associations with gout, transcript expression and the fractional excretion of urate. Network analyses implicate the inhibins-activins signaling pathways and glucose metabolism in systemic urate control. New candidate genes for serum urate concentration highlight the importance of metabolic control of urate production and excretion, which may have implications for the treatment and prevention of gout.
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| 2. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 3. |
- Zeichner, Sarah S., et al.
(författare)
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of Ryugu formed in the interstellar medium
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 382:6677, s. 1411-1415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contain less than or similar to 20% of the carbon in the interstellar medium. They are potentially produced in circumstellar environments (at temperatures greater than or similar to 1000 kelvin), by (similar to 10 kelvin) interstellar clouds, or by processing of carbon-rich dust grains. We report isotopic properties of PAHs extracted from samples of the asteroid Ryugu and the meteorite Murchison. The doubly-C-13 substituted compositions (Delta 2x(13)C values) of the PAHs naphthalene, fluoranthene, and pyrene are 9 to 51 parts per thousand higher than values expected for a stochastic distribution of isotopes. The Delta 2x(13)C values are higher than expected if the PAHs formed in a circumstellar environment, but consistent with formation in the interstellar medium. By contrast, the PAHs phenanthrene and anthracene in Ryugu samples have Delta 2x(13)C values consistent with formation by higher-temperature reactions.
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| 4. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Prepublication data sharing
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 461:7261, s. 168-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid release of prepublication data has served the field of genomics well. Attendees at a workshop in Toronto recommend extending the practice to other biological data sets.
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| 5. |
- Ellinor, Patrick T., et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis identifies six new susceptibility loci for atrial fibrillation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 44:6, s. 88-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation is a highly prevalent arrhythmia and a major risk factor for stroke, heart failure and death(1). We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry, including 6,707 with and 52,426 without atrial fibrillation. Six new atrial fibrillation susceptibility loci were identified and replicated in an additional sample of individuals of European ancestry, including 5,381 subjects with and 10,030 subjects without atrial fibrillation (P < 5 x 10(-8)). Four of the loci identified in Europeans were further replicated in silico in a GWAS of Japanese individuals, including 843 individuals with and 3,350 individuals without atrial fibrillation. The identified loci implicate candidate genes that encode transcription factors related to cardiopulmonary development, cardiac-expressed ion channels and cell signaling molecules.
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| 6. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 7. |
- Ni, Peiyuan, et al.
(författare)
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A Kinetic Model of Mass Transfer and Chemical Reactions at a Steel/Slag Interface under Effect of Interfacial Tensions
- 2019
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 59:5, s. 737-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new kinetic model was developed to predict the dynamic change of the interfacial oxygen content and the steel/slag interfacial tension. This model mainly describes the following interfacial physicochemical phenomena: i) Silica decomposition and oxygen adsorption at the interface, ii) Oxygen and aluminum reactions at the interface, iii) Oxygen desorption from the interface, iv) Silica mass transfer from the slag to the interface, v) Dissolution of the formed alumina into the slag and its transfer in slag and vi) Blockage on the silica mass transfer, to come in contact with the steel, by the accumulation of the formed alumina at the interface. With this model, the dynamic changes of the interfacial oxygen contents under different aluminum contents in steel and different slag viscosities were predicted. Overall, the interfacial oxygen content was found to increase with a decreased aluminum content and a decreased slag viscosity. Furthermore, the aluminum reaction rate can significantly influence the interfacial oxygen content as well as the interfacial tension. In addition, the model captured the fast increase of the interfacial tension after passing the minimum value point for the system of a high -Al content steel and a low viscous slag, which is in agreement with the experimental observations. Furthermore, a parameter study was carried out to show the influence of various parameters on the dynamic interfacial phenomena.
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| 8. |
- Ni, Peiyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Mathematical Modelling Study of Dynamic Composition Change of Steel and Mold Flux in Continuous Casting of Steel
- 2019
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 59:11, s. 2024-2035
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A kinetic model was developed to describe multicomponent reactions and mass transfer at the steel/molten flux interface under the effect of the interfacial tension. This model mainly describes the following interfacial physicochemical phenomena: i) Silica decomposition and oxygen adsorption at the interface, ii) Oxygen and titanium reactions at the interface, iii) Oxygen and aluminum reaction at the interface, iv) Silica mass transfer from the flux bulk to the interface, and v) Dissolution of the formed titanium dioxide and alumina into the flux and its transfer in flux. With this model, the dynamic changes of the mold flux composition, steel composition, interfacial oxygen content and interfacial tension for different mold flux compositions were predicted. Overall, the dynamic composition changes of the mold fluxes in a casting mold were reproduced. The basicity of the mold flux shows a large influence on the dynamic change of its composition. The initial composition change of the mold flux is fast when the flux with a high basicity was used, compared with the case of the mold flux with a low basicity. The interfacial oxygen content and the interfacial tension were found to reach a constant value after the steel/flux reaches a metastable state. In addition, the interfacial adsorption of oxygen due to the interfacial tension effect was found to significantly accelerate the dynamic change process of the steel/mold flux system.
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| 9. |
- Roselli, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study for atrial fibrillation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:9, s. 1225-1233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 33 million individuals worldwide(1) and has a complex heritability(2). We conducted the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AF to date, consisting of more than half a million individuals, including 65,446 with AF. In total, we identified 97 loci significantly associated with AF, including 67 that were novel in a combined-ancestry analysis, and 3 that were novel in a European-specific analysis. We sought to identify AF-associated genes at the GWAS loci by performing RNA-sequencing and expression quantitative trait locus analyses in 101 left atrial samples, the most relevant tissue for AF. We also performed transcriptome-wide analyses that identified 57 AF-associated genes, 42 of which overlap with GWAS loci. The identified loci implicate genes enriched within cardiac developmental, electrophysiological, contractile and structural pathways. These results extend our understanding of the biological pathways underlying AF and may facilitate the development of therapeutics for AF.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Tsukaguchi, Yuichi, et al.
(författare)
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Design of swirling flow submerged entry nozzles for optimal head consumption between tundish and Mold
- 2007
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 47:10, s. 1436-1443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A technology of swirling flow formation in a submerged entry nozzle is proposed as an effective measure for controlling the flow pattern in a continuous casting mold. As a result of a joint study between Nippon Institute of Technology, Osaka University, Kyushu Refractories, and Sumitomo Metal Industries, swirling flow submerged entry nozzles with a swirl blade for steel slab casting have been developed to improve the productivity of the process and the surface quality of slabs and coils. The swirl blade in the submerged entry nozzle forms the swirling flow expending the potential energy between the tundish and the mold. Thus, the swirl blade and the internal shape of the submerged entry nozzle, which determine the swirling flow rate, should be designed considering the flow rate in the nozzle and the head between the tundish and the mold of the applied casting machine. From full-scale water model experiments, we obtained an empirical equation to estimate the required head between the tundish and the mold from the flow rate, the internal shape of the nozzle, and the specification of the swirl blade. Then, we investigated energy efficiency to create the swirling flow, using an empirical equation from the results of a water model experiment and a numerical analysis of the swirling flow in the nozzle. The obtained empirical equation is valuable to design swirling flow submerged entry nozzles adopted for various casting conditions.
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| 12. |
- Tsukaguchi, Yuichi, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Swirling-flow Submerged Entry Nozzles for Slab Casting
- 2010
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 50:5, s. 721-729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We began development of swirling-flow submerged entry nozzles in 1997 as a fundamental and effective measure for controlling the flow pattern in continuous casting molds. As a first step, we developed a swirling-flow submerged entry nozzle for round billet casting at the Wakayama works. We then began developing swirling-flow submerged entry nozzles for slab casting. The main purpose of the present work was to demonstrate that the formation of swirling flow in submerged entry nozzle improves productivity and the quality of products in continuous casting. We examined swirling-flow submerged entry nozzles with a swirl blade in these main bodies because such an arrangement is the easiest way to apply swirling flow to submerged entry nozzles in continuous casters without investment by facilities. We had only to change the submerged entry nozzle in the experiment. Swirling-flow submerged entry nozzles for slab casting were developed and their operation examined at the Wakayama and Kashima works. It was found that the proposed submerged entry nozzles increased the casting speed and improved the surface quality of slabs and steel sheets.
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| 13. |
- Tsukaguchi, Yuichi, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Swirling Flow Submerged Entry Nozzles for Slab Casting
- 2009
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Ingår i: Tetsu to hagane. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0021-1575 .- 1883-2954. ; 95:1, s. 33A-42A
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have started a development of swirling flow submerged entry nozzles in 1997 as a fundamental and effective measure for controlling flow pattern in continuous casting molds. As a first step, we have developed a swirling flow submerged entry nozzle for round billet casting, in Wakayama works. Then we started the development of swirling flow submerged entry nozzles for slab casting. A main purpose of our development was to prove the effect of the swirling flow formation in submerged entry nozzles which improve quality of products and productivity of continuous casting processes. We have examined swirling flow submerged entry nozzles with swirl blade in these main bodies, because that Was the easiest way to apply swirling flow to submerged entry nozzles in continuous caster, without any investment of facilities. We had only to change a Submerged entry nozzle for the experiment. Swirling flow submerged entry nozzles for slab casting have been developed and examined in Wakayama and Kashima works. As a result of these examinations, the effect of the swirling flow formation in submerged entry nozzles Was evaluated to increase casting speed and improve surface quality of slabs and steel sheets.
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| 14. |
- Xie, Qing hua, et al.
(författare)
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Flow field, heat transfer and inclusion behavior in a round bloom mold under effect of a swirling flow submerged entry nozzle
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. - : Springer Nature. - 1006-706X .- 2210-3988. ; 30:6, s. 1211-1221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow field, heat transfer and inclusion behavior in a 700 mm round bloom mold under the effect of a swirling flow submerged entry nozzle (SEN) were investigated with the aim to enhance the casting process. The results indicate that the impinging flow phenomenon, which is commonly observed in conventional single-port SEN casting, was completely suppressed by the swirling flow SEN coming from a novel swirling flow generator design in tundish. Steel from the SEN port moved towards the mold wall in 360° direction, leading to a uniform temperature distribution in the mold. Compared to a conventional single-port SEN casting, the steel super-heat was decreased by about 5 K at the mold center, and the temperature was increased by around 3.5 K near the meniscus. In addition, the removal ratio of inclusions to the mold top surface in the swirling flow SEN casting was found to be increased. Specifically, the removal ratio of spherical inclusions with diameters of 1, 10, 50 and 100 μm was increased by 18.2%, 18.5%, 22.6% and 42.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the ratio was raised by 18.2%, 20.8%, 21.5% and 44.1% for non-spherical inclusions, respectively.
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