| 1. |
- Potapov, Anton M., et al.
(författare)
-
Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.
|
|
| 2. |
- Potapov, Anton M., et al.
(författare)
-
Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hagedorn, Frank, et al.
(författare)
-
Elevated atmospheric CO(2) fuels leaching of old dissolved organic matter at the alpine treeline
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 22:2, s. GB2004-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissolved organic matter (DOM), the mobile form of soil organic matter (SOM), plays an important role in soil C cycling and in nutrient transport. We investigated the effects of 5 years of CO(2) enrichment (370 versus 570 mu mol CO(2) mol(-1)) on DOM dynamics at the alpine treeline, including the analysis of fast-cycling components such as low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) biodegradability, and the decomposition of (14)C-labeled oxalate. Concentrations of DOC in canopy throughfall were 20% higher at elevated CO(2), probably driven by higher carbohydrate concentrations in leaves. In the organic soil layer, 5 years of CO(2) enrichment increased water-extractable organic C by 17% and soil solution DOC at 5 cm depth by 20%. The (13)C tracing of recently assimilated CO(2) revealed that the input of recent plant-derived C (< 15% of total DOC) was smaller than the CO(2)-induced increase in DOC. This strongly suggests that CO(2) enrichment enhanced the mobilization of native DOC, which is supported by significant increases in dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). We mainly attribute these increases to a stimulated microbial activity as indicated by higher basal and soil respiration rates (+27%). The (14)C-labeled oxalate was more rapidly mineralized from high CO(2) soils. The concentrations of LMWOAs, but also those of "hydrophilic'' DOC and biodegradable DOC (6% of total DOC), were, however, not affected by elevated CO(2), suggesting that production and consumption of "labile'' DOC were in balance. In summary, our data suggest that 5 years of CO(2) enrichment speeded up the cycling of "labile'' DOM and SOM in a late successional treeline ecosystem and increased the mobilization of older DOM through a stimulated microbial activity. Such a "priming effect'' implies that elevated CO(2) can accelerate the turnover of native SOM, and thus, it may induce increasing losses of old C from thick organic layers.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hagedorn, Frank, et al.
(författare)
-
Nine years of CO2 enrichment at the alpine treeline stimulates soil respiration but does not alter soil microbial communities
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 57, s. 390-400
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated atmospheric CO2 was often shown to stimulate belowground C allocation, but it is uncertain if this increase also alters the structure of soil microbial communities. Here, we assessed the effects of nine years of CO2 enrichment on soil microbial communities of an alpine treeline ecosystem with 35-year-old Lath decidua and Pinus mugo ssp. uncinata trees. We also tracked the C-13 signal of supplemental CO2 in soil-respired CO2, microbial biomass, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) in undisturbed mor-type organic layers. We found a persistently increased soil CO2 efflux (+24% on average), but negligible effects of elevated CO2 on the biomass and community structure of soil microorganisms under both tree species determined with PLFA and T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism). The C-13 tracing over 9 years revealed that 24-40% of the soil microbial biomass was composed of 'new' plant-derived C. PLFA from gram-negative biomarkers did not significant shift in C-13 by the CO2 addition, while those of gram-negative bacteria were significantly altered. The highest C-13 signals in individual PLFA was found in the fatty acid 18:26)6,9 with 65-80% new C, indicating that new plant-derived C was primarily incorporated by soil fungi. However, CO2 enrichment did not affect the production of mycelia biomass and the structure and composition of the fungal communities analysed by high-throughput 454-sequencing of genetic markers. Collectively, our results suggest that C flux through the plant soil system will be accelerated but that the biomass and composition of microbial communities will be little affected by rising atmospheric CO2 in organic matter rich treeline soils.
|
|
| 5. |
- Handa, I. Tanya, et al.
(författare)
-
Consequences of biodiversity loss for litter decomposition across biomes
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 509:7499, s. 218-221
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The decomposition of dead organic matter is a major determinant of carbon and nutrient cycling in ecosystems, and of carbon fluxes between the biosphere and the atmosphere(1-3). Decomposition is driven by a vast diversity of organisms that are structured in complex food webs(2,4). Identifying the mechanisms underlying the effects of biodiversity on decomposition is critical(4-6) given the rapid loss of species worldwide and the effects of this loss on human well-being(7-9). Yet despite comprehensive syntheses of studies on how biodiversity affects litter decomposition(4-6,10), key questions remain, including when, where and how biodiversity has a role and whether general patterns and mechanisms occur across ecosystems and different functional types of organism(4,9-12). Here, in field experiments across five terrestrial and aquatic locations, ranging from the subarctic to the tropics, we show that reducing the functional diversity of decomposer organisms and plant litter types slowed the cycling of litter carbon and nitrogen. Moreover, we found evidence of nitrogen transfer from the litter of nitrogen-fixing plants to that of rapidly decomposing plants, but not between other plant functional types, highlighting that specific interactions in litter mixtures control carbon and nitrogen cycling during decomposition. The emergence of this general mechanism and the coherence of patterns across contrasting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems suggest that biodiversity loss has consistent consequences for litter decomposition and the cycling of major elements on broad spatial scales.
|
|
