| 1. |
- Björklund, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Pedagogisk verksamhet - ett verktyg för framtida kompetensförsörjning?
- 2023. - 09
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kan pedagogiska verksamheter i samhället skapa intresse hos ungdomar så att de väljer att arbeta med vattenfrågor i framtiden? Projektet undersökte utställningen Den hållbara staden på Kretseum i Malmö och Sydvattens kurs Tänk H2O! vid sjön Bolmen i Småland. Bland de positiva effekterna hos eleverna fanns ökad tilltro till den egna kompetensen på området, ökad känsla av att passa in socialt på området, och ökat intresse för vissa jobb inom VA. Rapporten avslutas med några förslag för ökade och mer beständiga effekter av pedagogisk verksamhet på den framtida kompetensförsörjningen.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Daukantaitė, Daiva, et al.
(författare)
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Five-week yin yoga-based interventions decreased plasma adrenomedullin and increased psychological health in stressed adults : A randomized controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs, e.g. cardiovascular disease) are responsible for high rates of morbidity and the majority of premature deaths worldwide. It is necessary to develop preventative interventions that can reduce the associated risk factors of NCDs. Researchers have found that the biomarker adrenomedullin (ADM) becomes elevated years before the onset of NCDs and might play an important role in their development. ADM has also been linked to psychological problems such as stress, anxiety, and depression, which are known risk factors of NCDs. In this randomized controlled trial, we examined whether participating in a five-week yoga intervention reduces ADM and increases psychological health in middle-aged adults who self-report as moderately to highly stressed, but who otherwise exhibit no physical complaints.METHODS: One hundred and five adults (78% women; mean age = 53.5, SD = 6.7) were randomly assigned to (1) a five-week Yin yoga intervention, (2) a five-week intervention combining Yin yoga with psychoeducation and mindfulness practice (called the YOMI program), or (3) a control group who did not practice yoga or mindfulness for five weeks.RESULTS: Compared to the control group, we observed significantly greater pre-post reductions in plasma ADM levels (p < .001), anxiety (p ≤ .002), and sleep problems (p ≤ .003) in both intervention groups. Furthermore, the YOMI group exclusively showed significantly greater pre-post reductions in stress (p = .012) and depression (p = .021) compared to the control group. Significant correlations (p < .05) were found between pre-post reductions in ADM and anxiety symptoms (p = .02) and depression (p = .04) in the entire sample.CONCLUSION: The five-week Yin yoga-based interventions appeared to reduce both the physiological and psychological risk factors known to be associated with NCDs. The study suggests that incorporating Yin yoga could be an easy and low-cost method of limiting the negative health effects associated with high stress.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03428542.
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| 4. |
- Giese, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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STEM by the Lake: Raising High School Women’s Engineering Self-Efficacy and Belongingness through an Educational Intervention about Water Issues and Careers
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology. - 2040-0748. ; 14:2, s. 207-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women tend to have lower interest in engineering as compared to men, which previous research has shown is partly explained by gender differences in self-efficacy, social belongingness and communal career goals. Therefore, to attract more women to engineering, effective interventions are needed that target these factors. In this study, we evaluated an industry-designed intervention for high school students. The intervention consisted of a two-day interdisciplinary course on water issues and careers in the water sector, located by a lake in the Swedish countryside. The participating 722 high school students answered a survey before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention. We measured interest, self-efficacy, social belongingness, communal career goal affordance, and stereotype threat, in relation to engineering. The results showed expected gender differences in all pre-measures. A promising result was that the intervention raised women’s engineering self-efficacy and social belongingness and reduced stereotype threat levels. However, repeated exposure might be necessary for the changes to last. Engineering interest was unexpectedly not affected by the intervention, which may imply that stronger increases in self-efficacy and social belongingness are necessary to impact interest.
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| 5. |
- Maddux, Rachel, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Yoga on Stress and Psychological Health Among Employees: An 8- and 16-week Intervention Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Anxiety, Stress and Coping. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1061-5806 .- 1477-2205. ; 31:2, s. 121-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The stresses of modern work life necessitate effective copingstrategies that are accessible and affordable to the general public. Yogahas been found to reduce stress in clinical samples, but studies areneeded to examine standard gym yoga classes among functionalindividuals.Objectives: This study investigated the effects of 8- and 16-week gymyoga on stress and psychological health.Design and Method: Ninety individuals reporting moderate-to-high stresswere randomly assigned to 16 consecutive weeks of yoga, or to a waitlistcrossover group who did not practice yoga for 8 weeks then practicedyoga for 8 weeks. Stress and psychological health variables wereassessed at baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks.Results: Significant reductions in stress and all psychological healthmeasures were found within the Yoga group over 16 weeks. Whencompared to the control group, yoga practitioners showed significantdecreases in stress, anxiety, and general psychological health, andsignificant increases in well-being. The group who did not practice yogashowed significant decreases in stress, anxiety, depression, and insomniaafter they crossed over and practiced yoga for 8 weeks.Conclusions: Gym yoga appears to be effective for stress amelioration andpromotion of psychological health among workers experiencing stress.
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| 6. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Sinclair, Samantha, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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The Relation between Students’ Implicit Researcher-Gender Associations and Perceptions of a Research Career
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Associations between the researcher occupation and gender, and the relation between such associations and career considerations, were examined. Study 1 revealed that students’ perception of the researcher stereotype corresponds more to their perception of the male than the female stereotype. In study 2, the more females implicitly associated the role of researcher with women, the higher they rated their perceived competence as researchers, and the stronger their interest in a future research career tended to be. The results are discussed in relation to in-group preferences and stereotype threat.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Tellhed, Una, et al.
(författare)
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Boosting Prosocial Career Aspirations : Loving-Kindness Meditation Relates to Higher Communal Career Goals in Youth
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1467-9450 .- 0036-5564. ; 63:4, s. 334-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wanting to help others and benefit society in one’s future career are examples of communal career goals. Raising these goals in youth should increaseinterest in HEED-occupations (Healthcare, Early Education, Domestic, and the Domestic fields) which are strongly gender-skewed and face labor shortage.Research has yet to find ways to increase communal career goals. In this study, we test the novel hypothesis that after listening to a brief loving-kindnessmeditation, participants will rate stronger communal career goals, as compared to controls. In three experimental studies, volunteering high-school students(Study 1 and 3) and university students (Study 2) listened to a 12-min recording of the meditation with the explicit purpose of investigating its effect onstress. They thereafter filled out an apparently unrelated career goal survey. We compared the results with a control group that just rated the career goals(Studies 1–3) and a control group that listened to calm music before filling out the survey (Study 2 and 3). The results showed that the high-schoolstudents rated higher communal career goals after listening to the meditation, as compared to controls. We did not replicate the result in the sample ofuniversity students, which could relate to adults having less flexible career goals than youth, or to a ceiling effect in communal goals. This is the first studythat has demonstrated a method with the potential of increasing communal career goals in youth. In addition to increasing interest in HEED, raisingcommunal goals could benefit society, since they are intrinsically prosocial.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Tellhed, Una, et al.
(författare)
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Communicating gender-equality progress, reduces social identity threats for women considering a research career
- 2018
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Ingår i: Social Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-0760. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the majority of top-level researchers are men, how does this vertical gender-segregation affect students’ perceptions of a research career? In the current study, an experimental manipulation either reminded students of academia’s current dominance of men or of its improving gender-balance. The results showed that women primed with the dominance of men anticipated much higher social identity threats (e.g., fear of discrimination) in a future research career as compared to a control group. In contrast, women primed with the improving gender-balance anticipated much lower threat. Further, the dominance of men prime increased men’s interest in the PhD program, as compared to controls. Women’s interest was unaffected by the prime, but their lower interest as compared to men’s across conditions was mediated by their lower research self-efficacy (i.e., competence beliefs). The results imply that communicating gender-equality progress may allow women to consider a career in research without the barrier of social identity threat.
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| 13. |
- Tellhed, Una, et al.
(författare)
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Competence and confusion : How stereotype threat can make you a bad judge of your competence
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1099-0992 .- 0046-2772. ; 48:2, s. 189-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women tend to have competence doubts for masculine-stereotyped domains (e.g., math), whereas men tend to think they can handle both feminine-stereotyped and masculine-stereotyped domains equally well. We suggest that perhaps women's more frequent experience with stereotype threat can partly explain why. Our results showed that when stereotype threat was primed in high school students (n = 244), there was no relationship between their performance on an academic test (the SweSAT) and their assessment of their performance (how well they did), whereas in a non-stereotype threat condition, there was a medium-sized relationship. The effect was similar for both men and women primed with stereotype threat. The results imply that stereotype threat undermines performance assessments.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Tellhed, Una, et al.
(författare)
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“Programming is Not That Hard!”. When a Science Center Visit Increases Young Women’s Programming Ability Beliefs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal for STEM Education Research. ; 6, s. 252-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase engagement with science and technology, young people around the world are encouraged to attend activities at science centers. But how effective are these activities? Since women have weaker ability beliefs and interest in technology than men, it is especially important to learn how science center visits affect them. In this study, we tested if programming exercises offered to middle school students by a Swedish science center would increase ability beliefs and interest in programming. Students in grades 8 and 9 (n = 506) completed a survey before and after visiting the science center, and their ratings were compared to a wait-list control group (n = 169). The students participated in block-based, text-based, and robot programming exercises developed by the science center. The results showed that programming ability beliefs increased for women, but not men, and that interest in programming decreased for men, but not women. The effects persisted at a follow-up (2–3 months). The young men reported stronger ability beliefs and interest than the young women at all timepoints. The results imply that science center activities can make programming feel less hard, but adaptations may be needed to also increase interest.
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| 19. |
- Tellhed, Una, et al.
(författare)
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Stereotype threat in salary negotiations is mediated by reservation salary
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1467-9450 .- 0036-5564. ; 52, s. 185-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women are stereotypically perceived as worse negotiators than men, which may make them ask for less salary than men when under stereotype threat (Kray et al., 2001). However, the mechanisms of stereotype threat are not yet properly understood. The current study investigated whether stereotype threat effects in salary negotiations can be explained by motivational factors. A total of 116 business students negotiated salary with a confederate and were either told that this was diagnostic of negotiating ability (threat manipulation) or not. Measures of minimum (reservation) and ideal (aspiration) salary goals and regulatory focus were collected. The finding (Kray et al., 2001) that women make lower salary requests than men when under stereotype threat was replicated. Women in the threat condition further reported lower aspiration salary, marginally significantly lower reservation salary and less eagerness/more vigilance than men. Reservation salary mediated the stereotype threat effect, and there was a trend for regulatory focus to mediate the effect. Thus, reserva-tion salary partly explains why women ask for less salary than men under stereotype threat. Female negotiators may benefit from learning that stereotype threat causes sex-differences in motivation.
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| 20. |
- Tellhed, Una, et al.
(författare)
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Sure I can code (But do I want to?). Why boys’ and girls’ programming beliefs differ and the effects of mandatory programming education
- 2022
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Ingår i: Computers in Human Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0747-5632. ; 135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In our increasingly digitalized society, it is important to have a grasp of basic programming and therefore, programming was recently made mandatory in Swedish schools. We investigated how the mandatory programming education affects self-efficacy and interest in programming in a sample of 12-year-old children (N = 373). Data was collected at the start of the school year, directly after the education (mainly consisting of block programming), and the end of the school year. Boys had higher self-efficacy and interest than girls at all these three timepoints. Interestingly, as opposed to girls with Swedish background, girls with foreign background did not differ from the boys in programming self-efficacy. The gender difference in programming self-efficacy was completely mediated by gender differences in the children's previous mastery experience, social persuasion, and vicarious experience of computer use. Self-efficacy was strongly related to interest, but despite increasing the children's self-efficacy, programming education surprisingly reduced their interest in programming. The results regarding predictors of self-efficacy lend support to Bandura's social cognitive theory. The intersectional (gender x background) differences could be interpreted in terms of the gender-equality paradox. Possible ways of encouraging children's programming efforts and boosting the effects of interventions are discussed.
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| 21. |
- Tellhed, Una, et al.
(författare)
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Tech-savvy men and caring women: Middle school students’ gender stereotypes predict interest in tech-education
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sex Roles: A Journal of Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0360-0025. ; 88, s. 307-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The labor market is strongly gender segregated with few women working in the tech sector (e.g. IT) and few men working in the care sector (e.g. nursing). We tested the hypothesis that middle school students strongly associate technology with men and caregiving with women, and that this relates to girls’ lower interest in tech-focused educations. We measured technology/caregiving gender stereotypes with implicit (the Implicit Association Test) and explicit (self-report) measures in a sample of Swedish middle school students (n = 873). The results supported the hypothesis, and corroborate Eccles’s expectancy value theory, which suggests that gender stereotypes cause barriers for women to make career choices which suits them as individuals. A sample of middle school teachers (n = 86) showed even stronger implicit gender stereotypes than the students. This is worrying since teachers may unintentionally convey gender stereotypes in their teaching. Unexpectedly, the middle school girls with a foreign background showed no implicit gender stereotypes, which we discuss in relation to the gender-equality paradox. We suggest that to fulfill the recruitment needs of an increasingly digitalized world, the tech-industry and other stakeholders should put effort into counteracting the stereotype that technology is for men.
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| 22. |
- Tellhed, Una, et al.
(författare)
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The role of ability beliefs and agentic vs. communal career goals in adolescents' first educational choice. What explains the degree of gender-balance?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Vocational Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9084 .- 0001-8791. ; 104:February 2018, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To reduce the horizontal gender segregation in the labor market, we need to understand gender differences in career choice. The current study followed a large group of Swedish adolescents as they made their first educational choice, and tested for mediation of gender differences using measures of ability beliefs and career goals, which were collected shortly prior to the choice.Findings revealed strong gender differences in high-tech ability beliefs (e.g. computers), which combined with social ability beliefs (e.g. listening skills) and, to a lesser degree, communal career goals (e.g. helping) explained gender differences in educational choice. A new measure of career goal choice revealed that a majority of the adolescents prefer agentic (e.g. status) over communalgoal fulfilment if made to choose, although this preference was stronger amongst the boys. Our results support social cognitive career theory, expectancy-value theory and the goal congruity perspective as they demonstrate how gender differences in educational choice can be understood in terms of differences in competence beliefs and career goals. Furthermore, the results suggest that one reason why gender balanced programs appeal to adolescents is their perceived ability to fulfill both agentic and communal career goals.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Tellhed, Una
(författare)
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Why Women Ask for Less Salary than Men : Mediation of Stereotype Threat in Salary Negotiations
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Women ask for less salary than men in negotiations. Sex differences in negotiating performance have recently been explained as stereotype threat effects. Stereotype threat theory states that the performance of negatively stereotyped group-members can suffer in contexts where the negative stereotype is salient. Women are stereo¬typed as bad negotiators, compared to men, and previous research has shown that women negotiate inferiorly to men when a negotiation is described as diagnostic of negotiating ability. However, when a negotiation is described as non-diagnostic of ability, the stereotype threat is lifted and there are no sex differences in negotiating performance. It is still unclear which psychological mechanisms mediate stereotype threat performance effects. The studies in the present thesis aimed at investigating self-stereotyping and motivational factors as possible mediators of stereotype threat performance effects in salary negotiations. In Study I, the participating women resisted self-stereotyping with negative, feminine stereotypical traits that were contrasted with masculine, stereotypical traits which were more positive in valence. In Study II the women self-stereotyped with feminine stereotypical traits before the diagnostic negotiation, although there were no sex differences in the self-concept content before the non-diagnostic negotiation. As the self-concept is considered an important regulator of behaviour there is reason to believe that self-stereotyping with feminine stereotypical traits may temporarily lead to acting more stereotypically feminine, which may be un¬fortunate in salary negotiations. However, there was no stereotype threat per¬formance effect in study II, so self-stereotyping could not be tested as a mediator of a stereotype threat performance effect. In study III there was a stereotype threat performance effect. Also, the results showed that the women set less challenging goals than the men before the diagnostic salary negotiation, although there were no sex differences before the non-diagnostic negotiation. The participants’ minimum salary goals (reservation salary) significantly mediated the stereotype threat performance effect. In conclusion: The observation that women under stereotype threat ask for less salary than men can be explained by sex differences in motivational factors. Future stereotype threat research may want to investigate whether self-stereotyping is connected to motivational factors in a stereotype threat context.
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| 25. |
- Tellhed, Una, et al.
(författare)
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Will I fit in and do well? The importance of social belongingness and self-efficacy for explaining gender differences in interest in STEM- and HEED-majors.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sex Roles: A Journal of Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0360-0025. ; 77:1, s. 86-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Throughout the world, the labor market is clearly gender segregated. More research is needed to explain women's lower interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) majors and particularly to explain men's lower interest in HEED (Health care, Elementary Education, and the Domestic spheres) majors. We tested self-efficacy (competence beliefs) and social belongingness expectations (fitting in socially) as mediators of gender differences in interest in STEM and HEED majors in a representative sample of 1,327 Swedish high school students. Gender differences in interest in STEM majors strongly related to women's lower self-efficacy for STEM careers and, to a lesser degree, to women's lower social belongingness expectations with students in STEM majors. Social belongingness expectations also partly explained men's lower interest in HEED majors, but self-efficacy was not an important mediator of gender differences in interest in HEED. These results imply that interventions designed to lessen gender segregation in the labor market need to focus more on the social belongingness of students in the gender minority. Further, to specifically increase women's interest in STEM majors, we need to counteract gender stereotypical competence beliefs and assure women that they have what it takes to handle STEM careers.
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