| 1. |
- Tengborg, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Going underground in Sweden, past-present-future
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th World Confernece of ACUUS: Advances in Underground Space Development, ACUUS 2012. ; , s. 1428-1441
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, utilization of underground space is well known in Sweden through a wide range of applications in the past, in projects presently in use or under construction as well as projects planned for future needs. The paper touches on many important topics such as; environment, reasons for going underground, geotechnical and rock engineering, underground transport systems, industrial and commercial applications, utilization of underground space and case studies and special projects. For cities with dramatic topography or with dense population, the underground space is utilized in Sweden for official services to the community like water and sewage treatment plants in caverns and tunnels. Often the surface area above the facility is developed as residence or industrial areas. Storing foodstuffs is an operation that can benefit considerably from the properties of the rock, and there arc many historic examples showing that people have long known how to make use of the constant low temperatures prevailing underground. Cooled storage has, after the initial cooling, low energy consumption, which is the case for e.g. storage of ice-cream or other deep frozen products. Efficient and safe underground storage solutions for energy, e.g. oil, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) or hot water arc examples of good applications to communities. Also, a development on how to design and construct a repository for spent nuclear fuel has been going on for many years. Now the site selection process is completed and authorization process together with planning is ongoing. The underground creates possibilities to solve the traditional problems of congestion, environment and safety for the Swedish road and railroad systems in urban areas. Several projects have been fulfilled and arc in the planning phase even if both technical and logistical challenges arc large. Copyright © 2013 by The Society for Rock Mechanics & Engineering Geology.
|
|
| 2. |
- Volchko, Yevheniya, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Subsurface planning: Towards a common understanding of the subsurface as a multifunctional resource
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Land Use Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to powerful trends in technology, resource and land supply and demand, socioeconomics and geopolitics, cities are likely to increase use of the subsurface in the near future. Indeed, the subsurface and its appropriate use have been put forward as being of crucial importance if we are to achieve resilient and sustainable cities. In recent years, quite apart from being seen primarily as a construction basis to provide physical space for infrastructure and to create a better surface living environment, the subsurface has been recognised as a multifunctional natural resource, one which provides physical space, water, energy, materials, habitats for ecosystems, support for surface life, and a repository for cultural heritage and geological archives. Currently, the subsurface is often utilised according to the “first-come-first-served” principle, which hinders possibilities to take strategic decisions on prioritisation and optimisation of competing subsurface uses, as well as fair inter- and intragenerational distribution of limited natural resources. Taking a broad international perspective, this paper investigates the subsurface as a multifunctional resource from five focal points: (1) what professionals with different backgrounds mean when using different terms related to the subsurface; (2) how professionals describe the subsurface and its multiple resources, functions and services; (3) how planning of subsurface use is supported in policy and regulations; (4) how the subsurface is included in the planning process; and (5) frameworks that can support decision-making on responsible use of the subsurface. The study reveals that the subsurface must be recognised (not only by scientists but also by decision- and policy-makers and other stakeholders) as a precious and multifunctional resource requiring careful planning and sensitive management in accordance with its potential and its value to society. Utilisation of the different subsurface functions to yield services requires careful planning and a framework to support decision-makers in achieving a balance between utilisation and preservation, and between the subsurface functions themselves in the case of outright utilisation. Further, to facilitate the necessary change towards transdisciplinary work settings in the planning process and form a platform for knowledge exchange and capacity building, there is an urgent need for a common language, i.e. mutually understandable terminology, and a common understanding, i.e. an all-inclusive view on the subsurface as a complex multifunctional resource.
|
|
