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- Batty, GD, et al.
(författare)
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IQ in early adulthood and later risk of death by homicide: cohort study of 1 million men
- 2008
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1472-1465. ; 193:6, s. 461-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk factors for homicide are emerging; however, the predictive value of IQ, for which there is a strong prima facie case, has yet to be examined.AimsTo examine the association between IQ and risk of death by homicide.MethodA cohort of 968 846 men, aged 18–19 years, were administered an IQ test battery at military conscription and then followed for mortality experience over two decades.ResultsThere were 191 deaths due to homicide during follow-up. In age-adjusted analyses, a high total IQ test score was associated with a reduced rate of homicide (hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation increase in IQ score=0.49, 95% CI 0.42–0.57). A step-wise gradient was apparent across the three IQ groups (P-value for trend 50.001). After adjustment for indicators of socio-economic position and illness at conscription, this gradient was marginally attenuated (HR=0.57, 95% CI 0.49–0.67).ConclusionsHigh IQ test scores in early adulthood were associated with a reduced risk of death by homicide.
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- Grann, M, et al.
(författare)
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Actuarial assessment of risk for violence -: Predictive validity of the VRAG and the historical part of the HCR-20
- 2000
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Ingår i: CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 27:1, s. 97-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article explores the predictive validity of two actuarial risk assessment instruments among mentally disordered offenders in Sweden: the historical part (H-10) of a historical, clinical, and risk management factors instrument (HCR-20) and the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG). Actuarial scores were obtained retrospectively in two populations: one group of violent offenders with personality disorders and one with violent offenders diagnosed with schizophrenia. The predictive accuracy was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis using a violent reconviction within 2 years from release or discharge as the criterion variable. Both scales fared better in the group of personality-disordered offenders than in the group of offenders with schizophrenia, and the H-10 fared better than the VRAG in both offender groups. The study found that historical data maintain a robust predictive validity in a population of personality-disordered offenders, whereas clinical and risk management factors may be of greater importance in offender populations in which major mental disorders are prevalent.
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