| 1. |
- Belavy, Daniel L, et al.
(författare)
-
Disc herniations in astronauts: What causes them, and what does it tell us about herniation on earth?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0932. ; 25:1, s. 144-154
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent work showed an increased risk of cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) herniations in astronauts. The European Space Agency asked the authors to advise on the underlying pathophysiology of this increased risk, to identify predisposing factors and possible interventions and to suggest research priorities.
|
|
| 2. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
|
|
| 3. |
- Callaghan, Terry, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-Decadal Changes in Tundra Environments and Ecosystems : Synthesis of the International Polar Year-Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF)
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40:6, s. 705-716
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the responses of tundra systemsto global change has global implications. Most tundraregions lack sustained environmental monitoring and oneof the only ways to document multi-decadal change is toresample historic research sites. The International PolarYear (IPY) provided a unique opportunity for such researchthrough the Back to the Future (BTF) project (IPY project#512). This article synthesizes the results from 13 paperswithin this Ambio Special Issue. Abiotic changes includeglacial recession in the Altai Mountains, Russia; increasedsnow depth and hardness, permafrost warming, andincreased growing season length in sub-arctic Sweden;drying of ponds in Greenland; increased nutrient availabilityin Alaskan tundra ponds, and warming at mostlocations studied. Biotic changes ranged from relativelyminor plant community change at two sites in Greenland tomoderate change in the Yukon, and to dramatic increasesin shrub and tree density on Herschel Island, and in subarcticSweden. The population of geese tripled at one sitein northeast Greenland where biomass in non-grazed plotsdoubled. A model parameterized using results from a BTFstudy forecasts substantial declines in all snowbeds andincreases in shrub tundra on Niwot Ridge, Colorado overthe next century. In general, results support and provideimproved capacities for validating experimental manipulation,remote sensing, and modeling studies.
|
|
| 4. |
- Grandin, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Ti-Ni-C nanocomposite coatings evaluated in a sliding electrical contact application
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 276, s. 210-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanocomposite Ti-Ni-C coatings, with nanosized carbide grains in an amorphous carbon (a-C) matrix have been suggested to have low friction and low contact resistance making them suitable for sliding electrical contacts. In this study we investigate further the previously observed influence of the amount of amorphous carbon, in a test set-up simulating instrumentation and control applications. The tribological and electrical performance is evaluated at high speed and continuous sliding against silver-graphite, where the mechanical load and current are fairly low. It is shown that under these circumstances there is no significant influence from the amount of a-C on neither the contact resistance nor the amount of wear of the silver-graphite. The reason for this is suggested to be that similar tribofilms are formed on the surface of the coatings, regardless of the amount of a-C phase. Degradation of the nanocomposite coatings is observed under electrical load, even though they are both much harder than the silver-graphite counter surface.
|
|
| 5. |
- Sundberg, Jill, et al.
(författare)
-
Solution-based synthesis of AgI coatings for low-friction applications
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 48:5, s. 2236-2244
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films of AgI have been synthesized from Ag surfaces and elemental I-2 using a rapid and simple solution-based method. The effect of using ultrasound during the synthesis was studied, as well as the influence of the nature of the solvent, the I-2 concentration, the time, the temperature, and the sonication power. The films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and found to consist of beta-AgI, possibly along with some gamma-AgI. It was found that sonication increases the film thickness and grain size. The nature of the solvent has a profound effect on the film growth, with mixtures of water and ethanol leading to thicker coatings than films synthesized using either component in its pure form. Selected coatings were tribologically tested, and the AgI coating was seen to lower the friction coefficient significantly compared to a reference Ag surface under otherwise identical conditions. Long lifetimes (over 30000 cycles) were seen against a Ag counter surface. Tracks and wear scars were studied using SEM and Raman spectroscopy, and it was found that the friction level remains low as long as there is AgI in the points of contact. This method is found to be a simple and fast way to deposit AgI on Ag with large possibilities of tuning the thickness and grains sizes of the resulting films, thereby optimizing it for the desired use.
|
|
