| 1. |
- Abecassis-Moedas, Celine, et al.
(författare)
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Key resources and internationalization modes of creative knowledge-intensive business services : The case of design consultancies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley. - 0963-1690 .- 1467-8691. ; 21:3, s. 315-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the knowledge economy, knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) are a key driver for innovation and competitiveness. The internationalization of these businesses raises challenges given their specificities such as knowledge intensity, the importance of customer interaction and intimacy in service delivery. This paper focuses on design consultancies as a specific type of creative KIBS for which these characteristics are emphasized. The objective of this research is to analyse the resources leveraged by the firms to compete internationally. It is based on 11 case studies of design consultancies located in five different countries (France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the UK) that were selected for their capacity to perform at the international level for several years. The paper advances three internationalization modes depending on contingent variables and focusing on specific resources that enable international competitiveness: star-based, process-based and glocality-based. In star-based creative KIBS, the individual designer has developed a reputation that attracts customers internationally, operating as a brand. In process-based creative KIBS, the reputation of a collective creative process attracts clients from other countries. In glocality-based creative KIBS, the geographical proximity obtained by opening international offices helps to develop a close understanding of the client through frequent interactions, and also to know the client's market well and to better understand local codes and signs. These modes complement those presented in the existing internationalization literature which takes the peculiarities of creative KIBS into consideration.
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| 2. |
- Agasisti, Tommaso, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the performance of academic departments: an analysis of research-related output efficiency
- 2012
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Ingår i: Research Evaluation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0958-2029 .- 1471-5449. ; 21:1, s. 2-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we investigated whether academic departments do experience a trade-off among different research outputs. More specifically, we define four types of academic research outputs: quantity (publications); quality (citation indexes); research funds obtained through research grants; and applied research funds obtained through external orders. Subsequently, we define a department's performance through the concept of efficiency, namely the ability to maximize academic research output given an amount of inputs (facilities and human resources). Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we measure efficiency for 69 academic departments (focused on scientific subjects) located in the Lombardy Region (Italy), benefiting from a unique data set containing detailed information on research inputs and outputs. The empirical analysis shows that efficiency rankings change significantly when considering different research-related outputs and thus it highlights different research strategies among the academic departments. These different strategies emerge also considering jointly all four types of outputs: the academic departments focus on different outputs in order to obtain the highest overall efficiency scores. In the last section, policy and managerial implications have been discussed.
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| 3. |
- Ainamo, Antti, et al.
(författare)
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Radical circles and visionary innovation: Angry birds and the transformation of video games
- 2021
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1467-8691 .- 0963-1690. ; 30:3, s. 439-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radical circle is an innovation approach, alternative in comparison to innovation teams and innovation communities, superior to these when detailed managerial guidance is not readily available because of high uncertainty, high ambiguity, or both. Through an empirical case analysis of Angry Birds, the video game, we strengthen earlier radical-circle research findings on how a common sense of malaise with a current situation and dominant visions sometimes a small group of creative individuals meaningfully together, each volunteering to contribute much to change situation and dominant meaningfully vision. We find in this case that radical circles were more fluid in their membership and boundaries than what these earlier studies have found. There was considerable change over time in both the radical circles and visionary innovation. After Angry Birds's launch, a huge and very active brand community ensued, with radical creativity, with innovative community members contributing meaningful new inputs both for free and for global market and industry transformation. We call for further research on why and how line-up changes in radical circles in between times of original visionary innovation and later-phase market and industry transformation may matter. We also call for further research to study in what kinds of situations, why, and how radical circles are a good approach to mobilize extra-organizational volunteers for visionary innovation of new-to-the world products or processes. © 2021 The Authors. Creativity and Innovation Management published by John WileyXX1Sons Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Beck, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Examining Open Innovation in Science (OIS): what Open Innovation can and cannot offer the science of science
- 2023
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Ingår i: Innovation: Organization & Management. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 2204-0226 .- 1447-9338. ; 25:3, s. 221-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scholars across disciplines increasingly hear calls for more open and collaborative approaches to scientific research. The concept of Open Innovation in Science (OIS) provides a framework that integrates dispersed research efforts aiming to understand the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of applying open and collaborative research practices. While the OIS framework has already been taken up by science of science scholars, its conceptual underpinnings require further specification. In this essay, we critically examine the OIS concept and bring to light two key aspects: 1) how OIS builds upon Open Innovation (OI) research by adopting its attention to boundary-crossing knowledge flows and by adapting other concepts developed and researched in OI to the science context, as exemplified by two OIS cases in the area of research funding; 2) how OIS conceptualises knowledge flows across boundaries. While OI typically focuses on well-defined organisational boundaries, we argue that blurry and even invisible boundaries between communities of practice may more strongly constrain flows of knowledge related to openness and collaboration in science. Given the uptake of this concept, this essay brings needed clarity to the meaning of OIS, which has no particular normative orientation towards a close coupling between science and industry. We end by outlining the essay's contributions to OI and the science of science, as well as to science practitioners.
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| 5. |
- Beck, S., et al.
(författare)
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The Open Innovation in Science research field: a collaborative conceptualisation approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 29:2, s. 136-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Openness and collaboration in scientific research are attracting increasing attention from scholars and practitioners alike. However, a common understanding of these phenomena is hindered by disciplinary boundaries and disconnected research streams. We link dispersed knowledge on Open Innovation, Open Science, and related concepts such as Responsible Research and Innovation by proposing a unifying Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Research Framework. This framework captures the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of open and collaborative practices along the entire process of generating and disseminating scientific insights and translating them into innovation. Moreover, it elucidates individual-, team-, organisation-, field-, and society-level factors shaping OIS practices. To conceptualise the framework, we employed a collaborative approach involving 47 scholars from multiple disciplines, highlighting both tensions and commonalities between existing approaches. The OIS Research Framework thus serves as a basis for future research, informs policy discussions, and provides guidance to scientists and practitioners.
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| 6. |
- Bellis, Paola, et al.
(författare)
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Dialogue for strategy implementation : how framing processes enable the evolution of new opportunities
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management. - 1758-7484 .- 1367-3270.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Taking the dialogic organizational development perspective, this study aims to investigate the framing processes when engaging in dialogue for strategy implementation and how these enable the evolution of implementation opportunities. Design/methodology/approach Through a qualitative exploratory study conducted in a large multinational, the authors analyse the dialogue and interactions among 25 dyads when identifying opportunities to contribute to strategy implementation. The data analysis relies on a process-coding approach and linkography, a valuable protocol analysis for identifying recursive interaction schemas in conversations. Findings The authors identify four main framing processes – shaping, unveiling, scattering and shifting – and provide a framework of how these processes affect individuals’ mental models through increasing the tangibility of opportunities or elevating them to new value hierarchies. Research limitations/implications From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the strategy implementation and organizational development literature, providing a micro-perspective of how dialogue allows early knowledge structures to emerge and shape the development of opportunities for strategy implementation. Practical implications From a managerial perspective, the authors offer insights to trigger action and change in individuals to contribute to strategy when moving from formulation to implementation. Originality/value Rather than focusing on the structural control view of strategy implementation and the role of the top management team, this study considers strategy implementation as a practice and what it takes for organizational actors who do not take part in strategy formulation to enact and shape opportunities for strategy implementation through constructive dialogue.
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| 7. |
- Bellis, Paola, et al.
(författare)
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Pairs as pivots of innovation: how collaborative sensemaking benefits from innovating in twos
- 2021
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Ingår i: Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge). - 2204-0226 .- 1447-9338. ; 23:3, s. 375-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation is a collective and collaborative act. Even though ideas germinate in individuals’ minds, they need social interaction to be improved and brought to realisation. Therefore, much attention is now being paid to team collaboration as an organisational essential for innovation. Collaboration facilitates the combining of perspectives, competencies, and resources. However, it has been shown that limits arise when it comes to converging views into a shared perspective and its interpretation. Innovation is not all about pooling competencies and resources but also about immersion and reflection. It is a process of collaborative sensemaking that benefits from intimate and close collaboration. In this paper, we investigate how collaboration between twos, before an idea is shared with a large team, could facilitate the later collaborative sensemaking process through which the larger team must pass in bringing the innovation to reality. Through a laboratory experiment, we prove how collaborating in a close relationship in a pair has a positive impact on collaborative sensemaking in a subsequent collaborative effort in a larger team setting. In particular, we demonstrate how the pair acts as a pivot in the larger team and accelerates the rate of growing perception and understanding of the innovative idea.
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| 8. |
- Bellis, Paola, et al.
(författare)
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What kind of intimacy is meaningful to you? How intimate interactions foster individuals' sensemaking of innovation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley. - 1467-8691 .- 0963-1690. ; 32:3, s. 407-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines how intimacy affects individuals' sensemaking of innovation in their organization. Although sensemaking facilitates understanding innovation and envisioning new worldviews, it involves a delicate process of self‐disclosure, reflection, personal contact and communication. Intimacy focuses on time‐bounded interactions that foster individuals' progressive self‐disclosure and perceptions of mutual understanding. Therefore, drawing on intimacy theories, we investigate from a microlevel perspective how temporally bounded intimate interactions foster the meaningfulness of innovation for individuals. As sensemaking processes differ in large‐scale radical and incremental innovations, we examine both contexts in a post hoc analysis. Through a field study, we show that different intimacy dynamics (emotional, cognitive and listening) influence meaningfulness perceptions. In particular, we find that the emotional intimacy dynamics positively influence meaningfulness perceptions in the context of radical innovation initiatives, while the cognitive and listening intimacy dynamics positively influence meaningfulness perceptions in the context of incremental innovation initiatives. This study contributes to the sensemaking innovation literature by introducing intimacy as an enabler of sensemaking. Our study also suggests that managers should encourage moments of intimate interaction when pursuing innovation to facilitate sensemaking of change.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Buganza, Tommaso, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborate as a flock in the organization: how selection and synthesis influence knowledge convergence within a complex adaptive system
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management. - : Emerald. - 1758-7484 .- 1367-3270. ; 26:11, s. 142-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This study aims to investigate how two collaborative methods - selection and synthesis - influence knowledge convergence when people articulate a new strategic direction driving transformation within the organization. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a longitudinal field experiment developed in four organizations involving 82 employees over a three-month process. Inspired by dynamics governing flocks as complex adaptive systems, selection and synthesis have been separately used in two sets of companies. Primary and secondary data have been largely collected and analyzed throughout the whole process. Findings This study describes how the two alternative methods differently influenced two kinds of knowledge convergence. While selection triggers a general and static knowledge convergence and the propagation of individual knowledge over time, synthesis fosters a local and dynamic knowledge convergence where individuals tend to propagate knowledge generated collectively. Research limitations/implications This research offers insights into understanding the influence of alternative collaborative methods on the creation and propagation of knowledge when people are converging toward a new strategic direction. From a theoretical perspective, it contributes to complex adaptive system theory, highlighting the role of knowledge convergence and emergence through collaboration. Practical implications This research offers insights to managers who deal with the complexity of the engagement of different stakeholders during collaborative processes, offering some actionable takeaways to foster knowledge convergence by alternatively employing selection and synthesis. Originality/value This paper contributes to the management and social information processing literature emphasizing the role of knowledge convergence emerging from the complex interactions among multiple stakeholders.
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| 11. |
- Buganza, Tommaso, et al.
(författare)
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Storymaking and Organizational Transformation : How the Co-creation of Narratives Engages People for Innovation and Transformation
- 2023. - 1st
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a world undergoing continuous change, organizations find themselves facing the challenge of how to keep innovating to stay competitive. Inside any organization, people are the cornerstone on which innovation rests and builds, yet it is ever more difficult to engage everyone in designing their organization. This book explores and discusses how employees can be engaged digitally to assist innovation initiatives and lead to organizational transformation. Storymaking and Organizational Transformation is based on the research activities of the platform IDeaLs during the year 2020 and provides a perspective on how employees can be helped to understand and even contribute to organizational innovation spontaneously. The book contributes to advancing understanding of engagement from two main perspectives: first, the authors introduce an approach based on storymaking; second, six cases are studied in depth and the application of the digital storymaking approach is explained. The authors introduce new ways of organizing in a context of ongoing change, as they bring forth the idea that engagement is a continuous practice of designing meaningful narratives which connect people and evolve along with them. The book will appeal to both academics and practitioners across management fields. Scholars of innovation management and organization sciences will benefit from the extensive review of organizational transformation and innovation from a sensemaking perspective, whilst the practical, case studies provide a valuable resource for practitioners looking to effect change and manage transformation.
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| 12. |
- Cao, Ruiqing, et al.
(författare)
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Founder Stories and Entrepreneurial Identity of Craft-Based Ventures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Academy of Management annual meeting proceedings. - : Academy of Management. - 2376-7197 .- 0065-0668. ; 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines how entrepreneurial identity influences product strategies and performance in craft ventures. Analyzing a large sample of entrepreneurs from Etsy, an online marketplace for handcraft products, we show that entrepreneurs’ personal experiences and values imprint on venture identity and lead to peculiar dynamics of business value creation. Specifically, craft ventures imprinted by the personal story of their founders offer a narrower range of items, sell lower volumes, and underprice their products. They also earn a higher reputation among customers, which implies an over-commitment to quality. These unusual dynamics emerge through entrepreneurs’ search for authenticity, reputation and audience. Imprinting of personal experiences and values has more influence on product strategies when entrepreneurs find meaning in and emphasize their commitment to the act of handmaking.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Dell'Era, C, et al.
(författare)
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Designing an Omni-Experience to Save Retailing : Lessons from an Italian Book Retailer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research Technology Management. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 0895-6308 .- 1930-0166. ; 63:3, s. 24-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overview: Online-based retailers have made competing in the physical retail industry increasingly challenging. Building strong experiences to differentiate from the online-based players is key to survival. Brands can leverage different forms of engagement, such as sensorial or cognitive ones, to support their customer experience. "Read, Eat, Dream" (RED), a new concept by LaFeltrinelli, the major Italian bookseller, is an example of how to create an "omni-experience" by leveraging customers' lifestyles. This article outlines how LaFeltrinelli conceptualized and implemented the RED concept and presents four key design elements central to creating an omni-experience. By creating an omni-experience, retailers can transform from fulfillment centers to spaces where customers can engage, which in turn increases the length of their visit and occasions for purchase. An omni-experience also establishes the retail store as a reference point for some customers' specific activities.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Dell’Era, Claudio, et al.
(författare)
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Figures of Speech as Semantic Operators in the Innovation Process
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Innovation Management. - : Emerald. - 1460-1060 .- 1758-7115. ; 4:2, s. 155-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product functionalities aim to satisfy the operative needs of the customer, while product meanings (i.e. the emotion and the symbolic values represented by the product) aim to satisfy the emotional and socio‐cultural needs of the customer. What consumers are increasingly looking for in consumer products are new forms of psychological satisfaction that go beyond normal and simple consumption; today, more than ever, products define their own presence not only through their attributes, but also through the meanings that they assume, through the dialogue that they establish with the user, and also through the symbolic nature that they emanate. Figures of speech can be exploited to emphasise a message or a meaning. The purpose of this paper is to propose an application of rhetorical figures to product design that will make them more communicative.Design/methodology/approachSpecifically, the authors propose the “Rhetorical Innovation Process” as a methodology that foresees the application of figures of speech as semantic operators. First, the authors discuss several product innovations that can be interpreted according to the “Rhetorical Innovation Process”. Then, a brief workshop assignment in the strategic design course at the Faculty of Industrial Design of Politecnico di Milano explored the potentialities of the method in relation to different product typologies: 40 Italian master students were divided into eight groups (five industrial design students each) in order to develop five products per group.FindingsThe results obtained by design students demonstrated as figures of speech can stimulate associations with other contexts and modifications to existing architecture. The exploration of the “rhetorical innovation process” in collaboration with eight design student teams has shown that this method can support and enrich the concept generation phase. Moreover, four configurations proposed by the “rhetorical innovation process” allow one to generate different alternatives supporting the creative process and allowing the identification of strengths and weaknesses associated to each solution.Originality/valueThe method described in the paper elucidates the structure and process adopted by several designers and also illustrates an effective framework for communicating choices to their clients. In particular, the cross‐context associations proposed in the “rhetorical innovation process” provide additional insights and incentives during the concept generation.
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| 18. |
- Dell'Era, C, et al.
(författare)
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Four kinds of design thinking: From ideating to making, engaging, and criticizing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1467-8691 .- 0963-1690. ; 29:2, s. 324-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design thinking is spreading extremely rapidly among organizations in terms of interest and practices. Far from being linked to the "form" of products, design thinking is accepted as a formal creative problem-solving method with the intent to foster innovation. However, the spread of design thinking in practice has not been coupled with a similarly rapid and robust diffusion of its theoretical underpinnings. This paper aims to clarify the theoretical contribution of design thinking by identifying the practices that connote different interpretations of the paradigm. Moreover, we investigate the innovation challenges that the adoption of the design thinking paradigm aims to address. From an empirical perspective, through 47 case studies of consulting organizations that provide advisory services based on the design thinking paradigm in Italy, we identify four different interpretations of the paradigm characterized by different practices: creative problem solving, sprint execution, creative confidence, and innovation of meaning.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Landoni, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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A taxonomy of competition-based approaches as innovation policy measures to foster external knowledge search
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management. - : Emerald Publishing Limited. - 1758-7484 .- 1367-3270. ; 27:11, s. 136-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to provide a comprehensive view of the different competition-based approaches that policymakers can exploit to foster external knowledge search and their positioning among innovation policy measures. A growing number of companies have implemented initiatives to access external knowledge to increase their innovativeness, consistently with the open innovation paradigm. Competition-based approaches have received increasing attention by the private sector as a way to access external knowledge. However, despite their potential role as innovation policy measures, a limited attention has been devoted so far to investigate them from the policymakers’ perspective. Design/methodology/approach: To this aim, a two-stage empirical analysis has been carried out to develop a taxonomy of competition-based approaches. The first stage leveraged a multiple case study methodology including a sample of 20 competition-based approaches, while the second one leveraged interviews with Italian and European key informants. Findings: This paper proposes a novel taxonomy including eight competition-based approaches, which differ among each other in terms of policy strategy, scope breadth and output required. Moreover, this paper enriches a well-established taxonomy of innovation policy instruments with the identified competition-based approaches. Originality/value: This study contributes to the current debate on innovation policy by providing a taxonomy that includes eight competition-based approaches that can be exploited by policymakers to foster external knowledge search as well as their positioning among the innovation policy instruments. The taxonomy will hopefully support policymakers in identifying of the most suitable instruments in the light of their policy strategy and objectives.
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| 22. |
- Landoni, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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Design Contribution to the Competitive Performance of SMEs : The Role of Design Innovation Capabilities
- 2016
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley. - 0963-1690 .- 1467-8691. ; 25:4, s. 484-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strategic role of design-driven innovation is being increasingly recognized. Many studies show that investments in design positively influence the innovative capacity of firms and consequently their competitive performance. However, few researchers have explored how this relationship comes about. The studies that over the years have contributed to the understanding of design have identified two main barriers: the lack of a common language on design, and poor analysis of the dynamics that characterize the relationship between investment in design and competitive performance. In this paper, we investigate six small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in the Lombardy region of Italy that have received funding from a policy aimed to develop design innovation capabilities. We identify and discuss five different design innovation capabilities and we analyse their role in mediating the relationship between investment in design and competitive performance.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Linse, Charlotta
(författare)
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Ambiguity at the heart of design work : Sensing and negotiating ambiguity in knowledge-creation work
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ambiguities have long intrigued design and new product development (NPD) researchers: The fascination seems rooted in an endeavor to understand how design outcomes may be created despite the ambiguous nature of such work. There are several classic contributions on how to categorize, avoid and approach ambiguities. Some of the newer theories have also pointed to benefits arising from temporarily sustaining ambiguity.Little research has considered how ambiguities emerge, how ambiguities are sensed by practitioners, and the actions the practitioners take, either to harness or to reduce the generative and transformative power of ambiguity, however.This is unfortunate, since ambiguities are at the heart of such knowing-work. If one does not know how to sense the emergence of ambiguities and act to reduce or harness their generative and transformative power, i.e. negotiate ambiguity, the work might become unproductive, confused, uncreative, and might require more energy and attention.The purpose of this research is to portray how ambiguities emerge and are negotiated in knowing-work. This is achieved by drawing on two cases of design and NPD work, from practice epistemology.The results indicated that the emerging ambiguities changed in the ongoing work, some being reduced, others becoming obsolete or persisting. The results also included five generalized actions to negotiate ambiguity: (1) constructing points of references, (2) mediating between perspectives, (3) anchoring in expertise, (4) disarming future resistance, and (5) creating shared visions.This research has concluded that the very essence of design work concerns the emergence and fading away of ambiguity. The actions taken to negotiate ambiguity mediates the emergence of the design outcome. This research makes two contributions: first, it illustrates how ambiguities open up design work by creating a space for action; second, it illustrates how actions to negotiate ambiguity maneuver in this space for action.
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| 25. |
- Magistretti, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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Look for New Opportunities in Existing Technologies: Leveraging Temporal and Spatial Dimensions to Power Discovery
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research Technology Management. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 0895-6308 .- 1930-0166. ; 63:1, s. 39-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several approaches to developing new technologies are available to companies, but few studies explore how the development process can reveal hidden opportunities in existing technologies. This paper investigates the technology development process to consider how they can discover opportunities that generate higher value for users. Implementing a five-step framework in the discovery process can help identify new opportunities and reveal new application fields for existing technologies.
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