| 1. |
- Bamvita, Jean-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood predictors of adult psychopathy scores among males followed from age 6 to 33
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of criminal justice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-2352 .- 1873-6203. ; 53, s. 55-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Psychopathic traits are associated with multiple negative outcomes. The present prospective, longitudinal study identified associations of childhood factors with adult psychopathy scores.Methods: 311 men, aged, on average, 33 years, were assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Predictors included neighbourhood deprivation, parents' characteristics, teacher ratings of behaviour at ages 6, 10 and 12, and academic performance at age 12. Hierarchical linear regression models were computed to identify predictors at different ages of PCL-R total and facet scores.Results: Age 33 PCL-R total and facet scores were significantly, and independently, associated with father's and mother's criminality and mother's age at participant's birth when teacher ratings of childhood behaviours and mathematics marks were included in the models. Anxiety was negatively associated with facet 1 scores at age 6. At age 12, 22% of the variance in facet 2 scores was predicted by father's violent convictions, mother's age and criminal charges, and reactive aggression. Facet 3 scores were associated with mother's age (marginally), inattention, and reactive aggression. Facet 4 scores were associated with father's violent criminality, mother's age, conduct probleins, inattention, and reactive aggression.Conclusion: Etiological research and prevention programs should focus on antecedents of psychopathic traits present in early childhood.
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| 2. |
- Bamvita, Jean-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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How do childhood conduct problems, callousness and anxiety relate to later offending and adult mental disorder?
- 2021
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Ingår i: CBMH. Criminal behaviour and mental health. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0957-9664 .- 1471-2857. ; 31:1, s. 60-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Various combinations of childhood conduct problems, callous traits and anxiety may confer increased risk of offending, psychopathic traits and mental disorders. Knowledge of these outcomes in adulthood is limited. Aims To compare adult criminal convictions, psychopathy checklist scores and mental disorders between five groups of men, variously defined in childhood by: (1) callous traits, (2) conduct problems, (3) conduct problems and callous traits, (4) conduct problems and callous traits and anxiety or (5) developing typically.Method Teachers rated conduct problems, callous traits and anxiety at ages 6, 10 and 12 years. Criminal convictions from age 12 to 24 were extracted from official records. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and diagnostic interviews were completed at age 33.Results Relative to the typically developing group, the groups with conduct problems, with and without callous traits and anxiety, showed 5-fold elevations in risks of violent convictions and 3 to 4-fold elevations in risk for antisocial personality disorder, while the groups with conduct problems only and with conduct problems plus callous traits plus anxiety were at increased risk for borderline personality disorder. All risk groups obtained higher PCL-R total scores than the typically developing childhood group.Conclusions and implications It is widely accepted that childhood conduct problems in boys are associated with increased risks of criminal convictions and poorer mental health, but our findings suggest that teachers can identify different subgroups and these have different trajectories. As some subgroups were small, replication is recommended, but our findings offer preliminary support for trialling specific interventions for at risk boys.
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| 3. |
- Bowen, Francois, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood internalizing problems : prediction from kindergarten, effect of maternal overprotectiveness, and sex differences
- 1995
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Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 7:3, s. 481-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Used kindergarten teacher-rated anxiety-withdrawal, peer-rated popularity and shyness, and mother-rated adaptability to predict 5th-grade teacher-, peer-, and self-rated internalizing problems in 144 boys and 125 girls. The effect of maternal overprotectiveness (OP) as a moderator between kindergarten variables and 5th-grade outcomes was also examined. Kindergarten peer-rated low popularity was the best predictor of later internalizing problems for boys and girls, followed by peer-rated shyness for boys and teacher-rated anxiety-withdrawal for girls. Moderating effects of maternal OP were found only for boys. Maternal OP moderated the relation between kindergarten popularity and teacher-rated anxiety-withdrawal and 5th-grade teacher-rated anxiety-withdrawal for boys. Unpopular, anxious-withdrawn boys were more likely to be seen later by their teachers as anxious-withdrawn if their mothers were nonoverprotective.
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| 4. |
- Guberman, Guido, I, et al.
(författare)
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A Prospective Study of Childhood Predictors of Traumatic Brain Injuries Sustained in Adolescence and Adulthood
- 2020
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Ingår i: Canadian journal of psychiatry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0706-7437 .- 1497-0015. ; 65:1, s. 36-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are sustained by approximately 17% of males in the general population, many of whom subsequently present mental disorders, cognitive, and physical problems. Little is known about predictors of TBIs and how to prevent them. The present study aimed to determine whether inattention-hyperactivity and/or all externalizing problems presented by boys at age 10 predict subsequent TBIs to age 34 after taking account of previous TBIs and family social status (FSS). Method: 742 Canadian males were followed, prospectively, from age 6 to 34. Diagnoses of TBIs were extracted from health files, parents-reported sociodemographic and family characteristics at participants' age 6, and teachers-rated participants' behaviors at age 10. Separate logistic regression models predicted TBIs sustained from age 11 to 17 and from age 18 to 34. For each age period, two models were computed, one included previous TBIs, inattention-hyperactivity, FSS, and interaction terms, the second included previous TBIs, externalizing problems, FSS, and interaction terms. Results: In models that included inattention-hyperactivity, TBIs sustained from age 11 to 17 were predicted by age 10 inattention-hyperactivity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 1.05 to 2.05) and by TBIs prior to age 11 (OR = 3.50, 1.48 to 8.24); TBIs sustained from age 18 to 34 were predicted by age 10 inattention-hyperactivity (OR = 1.31, 1.01 to 170). In models that included all externalizing problems, TBIs from age 11 to 17 were predicted by prior TBIs (OR = 3.66, 1.51 to 8.39); TBIs sustained from age 18 to 34 were predicted by age 10 externalizing problems (OR = 1.45, 1.12 to 1.86). Neither FSS nor interaction terms predicted TBIs in any of the models. Conclusions: Among males, using evidence-based treatments to reduce inattention-hyperactivity and externalizing problems among boys could, potentially, decrease the risk of TBIs to age 34. Further, boys who sustain TBIs in childhood require monitoring to prevent recurrence in adolescence.
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| 5. |
- Guberman, Guido I., et al.
(författare)
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Are Traumatic Brain Injuries Associated With Criminality After Taking Account of Childhood Family Social Status and Disruptive Behaviors?
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. - : AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC. - 0895-0172 .- 1545-7222. ; 31:2, s. 123-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The authors aimed to elucidate the links between traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and criminal convictions in a sample of 724 Canadian males with and without criminal records followed up to age 24. Methods: Prospectively collected data were analyzed to determine whether prior TBIs predicted subsequent criminal convictions after taking account of family social status (FSS) and childhood disruptive behaviors. At age 24, diagnoses of TBIs were extracted from health records and convictions from official criminal records. In childhood, teachers rated disruptive behaviors and parents reported FSS. Results: Proportionately more individuals with offender status than nonoffender status sustained a TBI from age 18 to age 24 but not before age 18. Individuals with offender status who had sustained a TBI before and after their first conviction were similar in numbers, were raised in families of low social status, and presented high levels of disruptive behaviors from age 6 to age 12. When FSS and childhood disruptive behaviors were included in multivariable regression models, sustaining a prior TBI was not associated with an increased risk of juvenile convictions for any type of crime, for violent crimes, for convictions for any crime or violent crime from age 18 to age 24, or for a first crime or a first violent crime from age 18 to age 24. Conclusions: Among males, there was no evidence that prior TBIs were associated with an increased risk of subsequent criminal convictions from age 12 to age 24 when taking account of FSS and childhood disruptive behaviors, although these latter factors may be associated with an increased prevalence of TBIs among adult offenders.
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| 6. |
- Hodgins, Sheilagh, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers' ratings of childhood behaviours predict adolescent and adult crime among 3016 males and females
- 2013
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Ingår i: Canadian journal of psychiatry. - 0706-7437. ; 58:3, s. 143-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine associations of teacher-rated conduct problems (CP) and hurtful and uncaring behaviours (HUB) at age 6 and 10 with criminal convictions up to age 24 among 1593 males and 1423 females, and to determine whether aggressive behaviour at age 12 mediated the associations of CP and HUB with criminal convictions. Method: Teachers assessed HUB and CP at ages 6 and 10 and ratings above the 90th percentile at each age and within each sex were used to assign participants to 1 of 4 groups. Teachers assessed proactive, reactive, indirect, and verbal aggression at age 12. Juvenile and adult criminal records were obtained. Results: High CP and HUB males, aged 6, were 4 times more likely than males with lower ratings to acquire convictions for violent crimes and 5 times more likely to acquire convictions for nonviolent crimes by age 24. High HUB and CP females, aged 6, were 5 times more likely than females with lower ratings to have a conviction for a nonviolent offence by age 24. Among males, both aged 6 and 10, high HUB without CP were associated with elevations at risk of convictions for violent and nonviolent crimes, while among females the elevations at risk were limited to convictions for nonviolent crimes. Different types of aggressive behaviour mediated associations of high HUB and CP with subsequent criminal convictions, but not the association of HUB without CP and crime. Conclusions: Teachers in elementary schools rated behaviours that, from age 6 onward, significantly predicted criminal convictions into early adulthood.
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| 7. |
- Jelenkovic, Aline, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood : An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project
- 2018
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 120, s. 53-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. Aim: To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. Methods: This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. Results: Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14–4.25 cm and 0.18–0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. Conclusion: Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.
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| 8. |
- Kerr, Margaret, et al.
(författare)
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Boys' behavioral inhibition and the risk of later delinquency
- 1997
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Ingår i: Archives of General Psychiatry. - 0003-990X .- 1538-3636. ; 54:9, s. 809-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Used longitudinal data to test 3 hypotheses: that behavioral inhibition (BI) is a protective factor in the development of delinquency (DL), whereas social withdrawal (SD) is not; that comorbidity of SD and aggression are associated with negative outcomes, whereas comorbidity of BI and aggression is not; and BI might put children at greater risk for later depressive symptoms (DS). Ss were 778 boys (aged 10 yrs) who were studied until age 15. Peer ratings from the Pupil Evaluation Inventory were used to classify Ss on disruptiveness, BI, and SD for ages 10, 11, and 12. Self-reported DS from the Children's Depression Inventory at age 15 was used as the measure of DS, and self-reports of behavior during 1-yr periods prior to the 13-, 14-, and 15-yr assessments were used as the measure of DL. The first 2 hypotheses were supported. Disruptive profiles that did not include BI were significantly linked to outcome profiles that included DL, whereas profiles including BI were not. There was no trade-off between protection against DL and risk for DS. Comorbid disruptiveness and BI and comorbid disruptiveness and SD were linked to different outcomes. The outcomes were different for Ss with BI and SD depending on whether they were disruptive.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Pagani, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of family transition on the development of delinquency in adolescent boys : a 9-year longitudinal study
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - Oxford : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 39:4, s. 489-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Examined prospectively the impact of family transition on deviant development in a sample of 427 French-Canadian boys participating in a longitudinal study from kindergarten onwards. During the course of the study some boys experienced family transition. The boys were grouped by developmental period and number of marital transitions they experienced: divorced between ages 6-11; divorced between ages 12-15; remarried between ages 6-11; and remarried between ages 12-15. From ages 11-15 the author's assessed boys' delinquency and their family processes (parental supervision, punishment, and communication) annually. The results suggest that boys who experienced remarriage between ages 12-15 are at greater risk for delinquency. In particular, they showed evidence of comparatively more theft and fighting at earlier ages than their peers from families that had remained intact. At similar points in development, they perceived less expressive parent-child relationships. Finally, these boys also perceived less monitoring by their parents, both overall and at different points in adolescence.
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| 11. |
- Robitaille, Marie-Pier, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective, longitudinal, study of men with borderline personality disorder with and without comorbid antisocial personality disorder
- 2017
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Ingår i: Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2051-6673. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Some evidence suggests that the prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is elevated among male criminal offenders. It is not presently known whether offending, and violent offending, are limited to those presenting comorbid Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) who have a childhood history of conduct problems and whether offending is linked to psychopathic traits. Methods: A community sample of 311 males followed from age 6 to 33 years, one third of whom had a criminal charge between ages 18 and 24, completed diagnostic interviews and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised interview. Information on childhood included parent-reported family characteristics and teacher-rated of hurtful and uncaring behaviours, conduct problems, hyperactivity and inattention, and anxiety at age 6, 10, and 12 years. Health files were obtained as were records of criminal convictions from age 12 to 33. Results: At age 33, 4% of the men presented BPD and not ASPD, 16% ASPD and not BPD, 8% BPD + ASPD, and 72% neither disorder (ND). Comorbid disorders were common: BPD were distinguished by high levels of anxiety disorders, BPD and BPD + ASPD by depression disorders, and BPD, BPD + ASPD, and ASPD by substance dependence. Official files indicated use of health services by all participants. One-third of participants with BPD and BPD + ASPD acquired a diagnosis of a personality disorder. More than one-third of participants with BPD + ASPD obtained scores indicative of the syndrome of psychopathy. Convictions for violent crimes varied across groups: In adolescence, BPD none, BPD + ASPD 16%, ASPD 16%, and ND 3.6%; from age 18 to 33, BPD 18%, ASPD 19%, BPD + ASPD 52%, and ND 4.4%. Offenders with BPD + ASPD were convicted, on average, for four times more violent crimes than offenders with ASPD and seven times more than ND offenders. In childhood, men with BPD + ASPD and with ASPD had obtained similarly elevated ratings for disruptive behaviours as compared to ND. Conclusion: BPD comorbid with ASPD was associated with violent criminal offending in adolescence and most strongly in adulthood, elevated levels of psychopathic traits, and childhood disruptive behaviour. BPD showed similar characteristics but to a much less degree.
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| 12. |
- Silva, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
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The association between maltreatment in childhood and criminal convictions to age 24 : a prospective study of a community sample of males from disadvantaged neighbourhoods
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 21:7, s. 403-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While many studies have observed a positive association between maltreatment in childhood and criminality in adolescence and adulthood, others have failed to detect such an association. Most studies, however, have not examined different types of maltreatment, nor taken account of other family and childhood factors that are predictive of criminality. Using data from a prospective, longitudinal investigation of a community sample of 1,037 males, we calculated hierarchical logistic regression models to estimate the associations of boys' self-reports of neglect, emotional abuse, and physical abuse at ages 10 and 12, with convictions for criminal offenses from age 12 to 24, after taking account of conduct problems, hurtful and uncaring behaviours (HUB), and parent's criminality. At ages 10 and 12, boys' reports of neglect, emotional abuse, and physical abuse, were not associated with criminal convictions for non-violent or for violent crimes from age 12 to 24. Among boys who did not engage in HUB towards others reports of emotional abuse were associated with subsequent criminality, while this association disappeared among the boys engaging in such behaviours. In this community sample of males, levels of each type of maltreatment were low and there were no direct associations with subsequent criminal convictions. The findings add to emerging evidence that the characteristics of the child and parents, as well as the type of maltreatment modify the association with future criminal offending.
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| 13. |
- Vitaro, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Disruptiveness, friends' characteristics, and delinquency in early adolescence : a test of two competing models of development
- 1997
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Ingår i: Child Development. - Oxford. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 68:4, s. 676-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tested 2 competing models of friends' influence on the development of delinquency in disruptive boys. In so doing, the authors examined whether highly disruptive, moderately disruptive, moderately conforming, and highly conforming boys' delinquency increased or decreased depending on their friends' characteristics. A sample of 868 boys was classified into the 4 groups according to teacher ratings at ages 11 and 12 yrs. Each group was then subdivided by mutual friends' peer-rated aggressiveness-disturbance at the same ages. These subdivisions are as follows: aggressive-disturbing friends, average friends, nonaggressive-nondisturbing friends, and no friends. Subgroups were next compared on self-reported delinquency at age 13 yrs while controlling for average self-reported delinquency and socioeconomic variables at ages 11 and 12 yrs. Results indicate that moderately disruptive boys with aggressive-disturbing friends were more delinquent at age 13 yrs than other subgroups of moderately disruptive boys. Highly disruptive and conforming boys, however, were unaffected by their friends' characteristics. It is concluded that the results partially support each theoretical model, suggesting that both individual characteristics and deviant peer association might play causal roles.
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| 14. |
- Yokoyama, Yoshie, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation : A pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 47:4, s. 1195-1206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The genetic architecture of birth size may differ geographically and over time. We examined differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to birthweight, length and ponderal index (PI) across geographical-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia) and across birth cohorts, and how gestational age modifies these effects. Methods: Data from 26 twin cohorts in 16 countries including 57 613 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were pooled. Genetic and environmental variations of birth size were estimated using genetic structural equation modelling. Results: The variance of birthweight and length was predominantly explained by shared environmental factors, whereas the variance of PI was explained both by shared and unique environmental factors. Genetic variance contributing to birth size was small. Adjusting for gestational age decreased the proportions of shared environmental variance and increased the propositions of unique environmental variance. Genetic variance was similar in the geographical-cultural regions, but shared environmental variance was smaller in East Asia than in Europe and North America and Australia. The total variance and shared environmental variance of birth length and PI were greater from the birth cohort 1990-99 onwards compared with the birth cohorts from 1970-79 to 1980-89. Conclusions: The contribution of genetic factors to birth size is smaller than that of shared environmental factors, which is partly explained by gestational age. Shared environmental variances of birth length and PI were greater in the latest birth cohorts and differed also across geographical-cultural regions. Shared environmental factors are important when explaining differences in the variation of birth size globally and over time.
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