| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahmed, Mobyen Uddin, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Run-Time Assurance for the E-care@home System
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Part of the Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering book series (LNICST, volume 225). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319762128 - 9783319762135 ; , s. 107-110
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the design and implementation of the software for a run-time assurance infrastructure in the E-care@home system. An experimental evaluation is conducted to verify that the run-time assurance infrastructure is functioning correctly, and to enable detecting performance degradation in experimental IoT network deployments within the context of E-care@home. © 2018, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kremer, Peleg, et al.
(författare)
-
Key insights for the future of urban ecosystem services research
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 21:No.2, s. 29-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the dynamics of urban ecosystem services is a necessary requirement for adequate planning, management, and governance of urban green infrastructure. Through the three-year Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (URBES) research project, we conducted case study and comparative research on urban biodiversity and ecosystem services across seven cities in Europe and the United States. Reviewing > 50 peer-reviewed publications from the project, we present and discuss seven key insights that reflect cumulative findings from the project as well as the state-of-the-art knowledge in urban ecosystem services research. The insights from our review indicate that cross-sectoral, multiscale, interdisciplinary research is beginning to provide a solid scientific foundation for applying the ecosystem services framework in urban areas and land management. Our review offers a foundation for seeking novel, nature-based solutions to emerging urban challenges such as wicked environmental change issues.
|
|
| 4. |
- Loutfi, Amy, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ecare@home : A distributed research environment on semantic interoperability
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Lect. Notes Inst. Comput. Sci. Soc. Informatics Telecommun. Eng.. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319512334 - 9783319512341 ; , s. 3-8
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the motivation and challenges to developing semantic interoperability for an internet of things network that is used in the context of home based care. The paper describes a research environment which examines these challenges and illustrates the motivation through a scenario whereby a network of devices in the home is used to provide high-level information about elderly patients by leveraging from techniques in context awareness, automated reasoning, and configuration planning.
|
|
| 5. |
- Middleton, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Global Public Perceptions of Genomic Data Sharing : What Shapes the Willingness to Donate DNA and Health Data?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 107:4, s. 743-752
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analyzing genomic data across populations is central to understanding the role of genetic factors in health and disease. Successful data sharing relies on public support, which requires attention to whether people around the world are willing to donate their data that are then subsequently shared with others for research. However, studies of such public perceptions are geographically limited and do not enable comparison. This paper presents results from a very large public survey on attitudes toward genomic data sharing. Data from 36,268 individuals across 22 countries (gathered in 15 languages) are presented. In general, publics across the world do not appear to be aware of, nor familiar with, the concepts of DNA, genetics, and genomics. Willingness to donate one's DNA and health data for research is relatively low, and trust in the process of data's being shared with multiple users (e.g., doctors, researchers, governments) is also low. Participants were most willing to donate DNA or health information for research when the recipient was specified as a medical doctor and least willing to donate when the recipient was a for-profit researcher. Those who were familiar with genetics and who were trusting of the users asking for data were more likely to be willing to donate. However, less than half of participants trusted more than one potential user of data, although this varied across countries. Genetic information was not uniformly seen as different from other forms of health information, but there was an association between seeing genetic information as special in some way compared to other health data and increased willingness to donate. The global perspective provided by our "Your DNA, Your Say" study is valuable for informing the development of international policy and practice for sharing genomic data. It highlights that the research community not only needs to be worthy of trust by the public, but also urgent steps need to be taken to authentically communicate why genomic research is necessary and how data donation, and subsequent sharing, is integral to this.
|
|
| 6. |
- Milne, Richard, et al.
(författare)
-
Demonstrating trustworthiness when collecting and sharing genomic data : public views across 22 countries
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPublic trust is central to the collection of genomic and health data and the sustainability of genomic research. To merit trust, those involved in collecting and sharing data need to demonstrate they are trustworthy. However, it is unclear what measures are most likely to demonstrate this.MethodsWe analyse the ‘Your DNA, Your Say’ online survey of public perspectives on genomic data sharing including responses from 36,268 individuals across 22 low-, middle- and high-income countries, gathered in 15 languages. We examine how participants perceived the relative value of measures to demonstrate the trustworthiness of those using donated DNA and/or medical information. We examine between-country variation and present a consolidated ranking of measures.ResultsProviding transparent information about who will benefit from data access was the most important measure to increase trust, endorsed by more than 50% of participants across 20 of 22 countries. It was followed by the option to withdraw data and transparency about who is using data and why. Variation was found for the importance of measures, notably information about sanctions for misuse of data—endorsed by 5% in India but almost 60% in Japan. A clustering analysis suggests alignment between some countries in the assessment of specific measures, such as the UK and Canada, Spain and Mexico and Portugal and Brazil. China and Russia are less closely aligned with other countries in terms of the value of the measures presented.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of transparency about data use and about the goals and potential benefits associated with data sharing, including to whom such benefits accrue. They show that members of the public value knowing what benefits accrue from the use of data. The study highlights the importance of locally sensitive measures to increase trust as genomic data sharing continues globally.
|
|
| 7. |
- Milne, Richard, et al.
(författare)
-
Return of genomic results does not motivate intent to participate in research for all: Perspectives across 22 countries
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Genetics in Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1098-3600 .- 1530-0366. ; 24:5, s. 1120-1129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine how attitudes toward the return of genomic research results vary internationally. Methods: We analyzed the “Your DNA, Your Say” online survey of public perspectives on genomic data sharing including responses from 36,268 individuals across 22 low-, middle-, and high-income countries, and these were gathered in 15 languages. We analyzed how participants responded when asked whether return of results (RoR) would motivate their decision to donate DNA or health data. We examined variation across the study countries and compared the responses of participants from other countries with those from the United States, which has been the subject of the majority of research on return of genomic results to date. Results: There was substantial variation in the extent to which respondents reported being influenced by RoR. However, only respondents from Russia were more influenced than those from the United States, and respondents from 20 countries had lower odds of being partially or wholly influenced than those from the United States. Conclusion: There is substantial international variation in the extent to which the RoR may motivate people's intent to donate DNA or health data. The United States may not be a clear indicator of global attitudes. Participants’ preferences for return of genomic results globally should be considered.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Ramage, Justine, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Net GHG Balance and Budget of the Permafrost Region (2000–2020) From Ecosystem Flux Upscaling
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 38:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The northern permafrost region has been projected to shift from a net sink to a net source of carbon under global warming. However, estimates of the contemporary net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance and budgets of the permafrost region remain highly uncertain. Here, we construct the first comprehensive bottom-up budgets of CO2, CH4, and N2O across the terrestrial permafrost region using databases of more than 1000 in situ flux measurements and a land cover-based ecosystem flux upscaling approach for the period 2000–2020. Estimates indicate that the permafrost region emitted a mean annual flux of 12 (−606, 661) Tg CO2–C yr−1, 38 (22, 53) Tg CH4–C yr−1, and 0.67 (0.07, 1.3) Tg N2O–N yr−1 to the atmosphere throughout the period. Thus, the region was a net source of CH4 and N2O, while the CO2 balance was near neutral within its large uncertainties. Undisturbed terrestrial ecosystems had a CO2 sink of −340 (−836, 156) Tg CO2–C yr−1. Vertical emissions from fire disturbances and inland waters largely offset the sink in vegetated ecosystems. When including lateral fluxes for a complete GHG budget, the permafrost region was a net source of C and N, releasing 144 (−506, 826) Tg C yr−1 and 3 (2, 5) Tg N yr−1. Large uncertainty ranges in these estimates point to a need for further expansion of monitoring networks, continued data synthesis efforts, and better integration of field observations, remote sensing data, and ecosystem models to constrain the contemporary net GHG budgets of the permafrost region and track their future trajectory.
|
|
| 11. |
- Rangaiah, Pramod, et al.
(författare)
-
Realization of a Portable Semi-Shielded Chamber for Evaluation of Fat-Intrabody Communication
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 11, s. 72743-72755
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a customized portable semi-shielded chamber for torso phantoms to evaluatefat-intrabody communication (Fat-IBC) is presented. Fat-IBC is a technology where human fat tissue isused for microwave communication with intrabody medical devices. The potential clinical applications arevast including central nervous system (brain and spine) communication, cardiovascular disease monitoringand metabolic disorder control. However, validating this technology needs assurance that the signal leakagethrough undesired paths, particularly surface waves and reflections, does not occur. To solve this issue,an effective technique involving a modified design of a semi-shielded chamber is presented. The cross-section of the torso phantoms is about 25 cm × 35 cm and the height about 20 cm. As specified by ISO3745:2012, the maximum object volume that can be measured in a chamber is 5% of the chamber’s internalnet volume. Therefore, the dimensions of the semi-shielded chamber was set to 100 cm × 60 cm × 60 cm.The semi-shielded chamber was constructed out of a wooden crate, covered on the inside with microwaveabsorbers and with thin aluminum sheets on the outside. The experimental evaluation of the semi-shieldedchamber was validated according to standards such as EN 50147-1:1996, IEC 61000-4-3:2020, and IECCISPR 16-1-4:2019. The torso phantom was positioned at the center of the chamber, with a separation wallto ensure signal transmission solely through the phantoms interior and not its surface or chamber walls. Theseparation wall can be modified either to be conformal to the phantom sample or serve as a solid partitiondividing the chamber into two separate volumes for performance measurement. The separation wall wasfound to have a shielding attenuation of 30 dB to 60 dB for frequencies between 0.7 GHz and 18 GHz,respectively, while the corresponding values for the external walls were found to be 45 dB to 70 dB. Thesemi-shielded chamber realized in this work is useful for Fat-IBC technology, brain-computer interface,brain-machine interface, body area networks (BANs), and related applications.
|
|
| 12. |
- Schoch, Conrad L., et al.
(författare)
-
Finding needles in haystacks: linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1758-0463. ; 2014:bau061, s. 1-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA phylogenetic comparisons have shown that morphology-based species recognition often underestimates fungal diversity. Therefore, the need for accurate DNA sequence data, tied to both correct taxonomic names and clearly annotated specimen data, has never been greater. Furthermore, the growing number of molecular ecology and microbiome projects using high-throughput sequencing require fast and effective methods for en masse species assignments. In this article, we focus on selecting and re-annotating a set of marker reference sequences that represent each currently accepted order of Fungi. The particular focus is on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear ribosomal cistron, derived from type specimens and/or ex-type cultures. Re-annotated and verified sequences were deposited in a curated public database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), namely the RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) database, and will be visible during routine sequence similarity searches with NR_prefixed accession numbers. A set of standards and protocols is proposed to improve the data quality of new sequences, and we suggest how type and other reference sequences can be used to improve identification of Fungi.
|
|
| 13. |
- Virkkala, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Statistical upscaling of ecosystem CO2 fluxes across the terrestrial tundra and boreal domain : Regional patterns and uncertainties
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 27:17, s. 4040-4059
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regional variability in tundra and boreal carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes can be high, complicating efforts to quantify sink-source patterns across the entire region. Statistical models are increasingly used to predict (i.e., upscale) CO2 fluxes across large spatial domains, but the reliability of different modeling techniques, each with different specifications and assumptions, has not been assessed in detail. Here, we compile eddy covariance and chamber measurements of annual and growing season CO2 fluxes of gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during 1990–2015 from 148 terrestrial high-latitude (i.e., tundra and boreal) sites to analyze the spatial patterns and drivers of CO2 fluxes and test the accuracy and uncertainty of different statistical models. CO2 fluxes were upscaled at relatively high spatial resolution (1 km2) across the high-latitude region using five commonly used statistical models and their ensemble, that is, the median of all five models, using climatic, vegetation, and soil predictors. We found the performance of machine learning and ensemble predictions to outperform traditional regression methods. We also found the predictive performance of NEE-focused models to be low, relative to models predicting GPP and ER. Our data compilation and ensemble predictions showed that CO2 sink strength was larger in the boreal biome (observed and predicted average annual NEE −46 and −29 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively) compared to tundra (average annual NEE +10 and −2 g C m−2 yr−1). This pattern was associated with large spatial variability, reflecting local heterogeneity in soil organic carbon stocks, climate, and vegetation productivity. The terrestrial ecosystem CO2 budget, estimated using the annual NEE ensemble prediction, suggests the high-latitude region was on average an annual CO2 sink during 1990–2015, although uncertainty remains high.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
