| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Kim, S. W., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluations of NOx and highly reactive VOC emission inventories in Texas and their implications for ozone plume simulations during the Texas Air Quality Study 2006
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 11:22, s. 11361-11386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Satellite and aircraft observations made during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) detected strong urban, industrial and power plant plumes in Texas. We simulated these plumes using the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model with input from the US EPA's 2005 National Emission Inventory (NEI-2005), in order to evaluate emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the cities of Houston and Dallas-FortWorth. We compared the model results with satellite retrievals of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and airborne in-situ observations of several trace gases including NOx and a number of VOCs. The model and satellite NO2 columns agree well for regions with large power plants and for urban areas that are dominated by mobile sources, such as Dallas. How-ever, in Houston, where significant mobile, industrial, and inport marine vessel sources contribute to NOx emissions, the model NO2 columns are approximately 50 %-70 % higher than the satellite columns. Similar conclusions are drawn from comparisons of the model results with the TexAQS 2006 aircraft observations in Dallas and Houston. For Dallas plumes, the model-simulated NO2 showed good agreement with the aircraft observations. In contrast, the model-simulated NO2 is similar to 60 % higher than the aircraft observations in the Houston plumes. Further analysis indicates that the NEI-2005 NOx emissions over the Houston Ship Channel area are overestimated while the urban Houston NOx emissions are reasonably represented. The comparisons of model and aircraft observations confirm that highly reactive VOC emissions originating from industrial sources in Houston are underestimated in NEI-2005. The update of VOC emissions based on Solar Occultation Flux measurements during the field campaign leads to improved model simulations of ethylene, propylene, and formaldehyde. Reducing NOx emissions in the Houston Ship Channel and increasing highly reactive VOC emissions from the point sources in Houston improve the model's capability of simulating ozone (O-3) plumes observed by the NOAA WP-3D aircraft, although the deficiencies in the model O-3 simulations indicate that many challenges remain for a full understanding of the O-3 formation mechanisms in Houston.
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| 3. |
- Bhatt, Mehul, Professor, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Declarative Spatial Reasoning for Intelligent Cinematography
- 2017
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Ingår i: Workshop on Intelligent Cinematography and Editing, WICED 2017. - : Eurographics Association. - 9783038680314
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present computational visuo-spatial representation and reasoning from the viewpoint of the research areas of artificial intelligence, spatial cognition and computation, and human-computer interaction. The particular focus is on demonstrating recent advances in the theory and practice of spatial reasoning, and its significance and potential as a foundational AI method for (intelligent) computational cinematography & editing systems.
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| 4. |
- De Gouw, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Airborne Measurements of Ethene from Industrial Sources Using Laser Photo-Acoustic Spectroscopy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 43:7, s. 2437-2442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) instrument was developed and used for aircraft measurements of ethene from industrial sources near Houston, Texas. The instrument provided 20 s measurements with a detection limit of less than 0.7 ppbv. Data from this instrument and from the GC-FID analysis of air samples collected in flight agreed within 15% on average. Ethene fluxes from the Mt. Belvieu chemical complex to the northeast of Houston were quantified during 10 different flights. The average flux was 520 +/- 140 kg h(-1) in agreement with independent results from solar occultation flux (SOF) measurements, and roughly an order of magnitude higher than regulatory emission inventories indicate. This study shows that ethene emissions are routinely at levels that qualify as emission upsets, which need to be reported to regional air quality managers.
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| 5. |
- Schultz, Carl P. L., et al.
(författare)
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Answer Set Programming Modulo ’Space-Time’
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Rules and Reasoning. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 318-326
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present ASP Modulo ‘Space-Time’, a declarative representational and computational framework to perform commonsense reasoning about regions with both spatial and temporal components. Supported are capabilities for mixed qualitative-quantitative reasoning, consistency checking, and inferring compositions of space-time relations; these capabilities combine and synergise for applications in a range of AI application areas where the processing and interpretation of spatio-temporal data is crucial. The framework and resulting system is the only general KR-based method for declaratively reasoning about the dynamics of ‘space-time’ regions as first-class objects.
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| 6. |
- Walega, Przemyslaw Andrzej, et al.
(författare)
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ASPMT(QS) : Non-Monotonic Spatial Reasoning with Answer Set Programming Modulo Theories
- 2015
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Ingår i: Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319232638 - 9783319232645 ; , s. 488-501
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The systematic modelling ofdynamic spatial systems [9] is a key requirement in a wide range of application areas such as comonsense cognitive robotics, computer-aided architecture design, dynamic geographic information systems. We present ASPMT (QS), a novel approach and fully-implemented prototype for non-monotonic spatial reasoning —a crucial requirement within dynamic spatial systems – based on Answer Set Programming Modulo Theories (ASPMT). ASPMT (QS) consists of a (qualitative) spatial representation module (QS) and a method for turning tight ASPMT instances into Sat Modulo Theories (SMT) instances in order to compute stable models by means of SMT solvers. We formalise and implement concepts of default spatial reasoning and spatial frame axioms using choice formulas. Spatial reasoning is performed by encoding spatial relations as systems of polynomial constraints, and solving via SMT with the theory of real nonlinear arithmetic. We empirically evaluate ASPMT (QS) in comparison with other prominent contemporary spatial reasoning systems. Our results show that ASPMT (QS) is the only existing system that is capable of reasoning about indirect spatial effects (i.e. addressing the ramification problem), and integrating geometric and qualitative spatial information within a non-monotonic spatial reasoning context.
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| 7. |
- Walega, Przemyslaw Andrzej, et al.
(författare)
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Non-monotonic spatial reasoning with answer set programming modulo theories
- 2017
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Ingår i: Theory and Practice of Logic Programming. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1471-0684 .- 1475-3081. ; 17:2, s. 205-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The systematic modelling of dynamic spatial systems is a key requirement in a wide range of application areas such as commonsense cognitive robotics, computer-aided architecture design, and dynamic geographic information systems. We present Answer Set Programming Modulo Theories (ASPMT)(QS), a novel approach and fully implemented prototype for non-monotonic spatial reasoning - a crucial requirement within dynamic spatial systems based on ASPMT. ASPMT(QS) consists of a (qualitative) spatial representation module (QS) and a method for turning tight ASPMT instances into Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) instances in order to compute stable models by means of SMT solvers. We formalise and implement concepts of default spatial reasoning and spatial frame axioms. Spatial reasoning is performed by encoding spatial relations as systems of polynomial constraints, and solving via SMT with the theory of real non-linear arithmetic. We empirically evaluate ASPMT(QS) in comparison with other contemporary spatial reasoning systems both within and outside the context of logic programming. ASPMT(QS) is currently the only existing system that is capable of reasoning about indirect spatial effects (i.e., addressing the ramification problem), and integrating geometric and QS information within a non-monotonic spatial reasoning context.
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