| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hao, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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Organic blue carbon sequestration in vegetated coastal wetlands : Processes and influencing factors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0012-8252 .- 1872-6828. ; 255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal wetlands play a vital role in carbon (C) sequestration, named 'blue carbon'. The review aims to disentangle the processes and influencing factors, including elevated atmospheric CO2, global climate warming, sea level rise and anthropogenic activities. Firstly, we provided an overview of C processes, including input, output, and deposition, in coastal wetlands. We then summarized the impacts of different factors on C processes by modifying soil physicochemical properties, plant growth, vegetation type, and microbial community composition. Vegetation composition was a major contributor to C inputs, and C outputs was mainly controlled by microbial decomposition. Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and associated climate warming often enhanced vegetation growth, while climate warming also promoted soil C decomposition. As a result, C storage could increase under mild warming conditions in the short-term, but decrease in the long-term as the severity of warming intensifies. Elevated salinity, caused by sea level rise, can be harmful to plant growth and inhibit organic C decomposition because of the reduced biomass and the weakened metabolic capacity of microorganisms. Most of human activities, such as reclamation, can lead to less C input and more C output, resulting in decreased C storage in coastal wetlands. Additionally, we also illustrate various coastal wetland restoration methods aimed at enhancing C sequestration, including legal frameworks, scientific theories, vegetation management, hydrological restoration, and other relevant constructions. Vegetation management could benefit plant growth and enhance C input effectively, and hydrological restoration can maintain the harmonious development of coastal wetland ecosystems. Other constructions, including breakwater, spillway, and dredged material, could protect coastal wetlands, especially facing sea level rise. This review offers valuable theoretical support and scientific references for the sustainable development and management of coastal wetlands in a changing climate.
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| 8. |
- Hu, Tianyu, et al.
(författare)
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Steric hindrance induced low exciton binding energy enables low-driving-force organic solar cells
- 2024
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Ingår i: Aggregate. - 2692-4560 .- 2766-8541. ; In Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exciton binding energy (Eb) has been regarded as a critical parameter in charge separation during photovoltaic conversion. Minimizing the Eb of the photovoltaic materials can facilitate the exciton dissociation in low-driving force organic solar cells (OSCs) and thus improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE); nevertheless, diminishing the Eb with deliberate design principles remains a significant challenge. Herein, bulky side chain as steric hindrance structure was inserted into Y-series acceptors to minimize the Eb by modulating the intra- and intermolecular interaction. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that steric hindrance-induced optimal intra- and intermolecular interaction can enhance molecular polarizability, promote electronic orbital overlap between molecules, and facilitate delocalized charge transfer pathways, thereby resulting in a low Eb. The conspicuously reduced Eb obtained in Y-ChC5 with pinpoint steric hindrance modulation can minimize the detrimental effects on exciton dissociation in low-driving-force OSCs, achieving a remarkable PCE of 19.1% with over 95% internal quantum efficiency. Our study provides a new molecular design rationale to reduce the Eb.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Li, J., et al.
(författare)
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Efficient dye-sensitized solar cells with [copper(6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)2]2+/1+ redox shuttle
- 2017
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 7:8, s. 4611-4615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The [copper(6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)2]2+/1+ ([Cu(dmbp)2]2+/1+) redox couple, which possesses a distorted tetragonal geometry of a Cu(i) complex crystal and a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry of Cu(ii) complex crystal, has been developed as a redox mediator in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The energy of loss for dye regeneration was reduced with a very low but sufficient driving force of only 0.11 eV. A distinct increase in open-circuit voltage (VOC) was achieved and a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 10.3% was afforded at 100 mW cm−2 under AM 1.5G condition.
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| 12. |
- Li, Peng, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of domain division types on the performance prediction of a rim-driven thruster
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - 0029-8018. ; 287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rim-driven thruster (RDT) is an innovative propulsion thruster. The rotating subdomain can contain different assemblies with different domain division types (DDT). This paper tried to figure out the effects of DDT on the performance of RDT. This paper uses the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) turbulence model to conduct the simulations. Three DDTs are carefully analyzed to understand their effects on predictive performance. The convergence analysis is performed by taking a typical method: Grid Convergence Index (GCI). Some theoretical results and the experimental hydrodynamics of a popular combination of Ka 4–70 and MARIN 19 A are used to validate the numerical method. The numerical results demonstrate that the computational efficiency is influenced by the cell number on the interfaces between two subdomains and an inherent characteristic of DDT. Moreover, the torques acting on rim surfaces are closely accounting for the gap flow. Moreover, regarding the morphology and variables of the vortex system, the third type of DDT enhances vortices presenting in the hub region and vortex-instability region. Although the present analysis is performed for an RDT, the findings should be generally applicable for other RDT designs with similar structures and operational conditions.
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| 13. |
- Li, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial Necromass, Lignin, and Glycoproteins for Determining and Optimizing Blue Carbon Formation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 58, s. 468-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal wetlands contribute to the mitigation of climate change through the sequestration of “blue carbon”. Microbial necromass, lignin, and glycoproteins (i.e., glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP)), as important components of soil organic carbon (SOC), are sensitive to environmental change. However, their contributions to blue carbon formation and the underlying factors remain largely unresolved. To address this paucity of knowledge, we investigated their contributions to blue carbon formation along a salinity gradient in coastal marshes. Our results revealed decreasing contributions of microbial necromass and lignin to blue carbon as the salinity increased, while GRSP showed an opposite trend. Using random forest models, we showed that their contributions to SOC were dependent on microbial biomass and resource stoichiometry. In N-limited saline soils, contributions of microbial necromass to SOC decreased due to increased N-acquisition enzyme activity. Decreases in lignin contributions were linked to reduced mineral protection offered by short-range-ordered Fe (FeSRO). Partial least-squares path modeling (PLS-PM) further indicated that GRSP could increase microbial necromass and lignin formation by enhancing mineral protection. Our findings have implications for improving the accumulation of refractory and mineral-bound organic matter in coastal wetlands, considering the current scenario of heightened nutrient discharge and sea-level rise.
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| 14. |
- Li, Yuanjing, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Lifelong Cognitive Reserve with Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults with Limited Formal Education : A Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 52:4, s. 258-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Early-life educational attainment contributes to cognitive reserve (CR). We investigated the associations of lifelong CR with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among older people with limited formal education. Methods: This population-based cohort study included 2,127 dementia-free participants (≥60 years; 59.4% women; 81.5% with no or elementary school) who were examined at baseline (August-December 2014) and follow-up (March-September 2018). Lifelong CR score at baseline was generated from six lifespan intellectual factors. Dementia, MCI, and their subtypes were defined according to the international criteria. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: During the total of 8,330.6 person-years of follow-up, 101 persons were diagnosed with dementia, including 74 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 26 with vascular dementia (VaD). The high (vs. low) tertile of lifelong CR score was associated with multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.28 (0.14–0.55) for dementia and 0.18 (0.07–0.48) for AD. The association between higher CR and reduced AD risk was significant in people aged 60–74 but not in those aged ≥75 years (p for interaction = 0.011). Similarly, among MCI-free people at baseline (n = 1,635), the high (vs. low) tertile of lifelong CR score was associated with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 0.51 (0.38–0.69) for MCI and 0.46 (0.33–0.64) for amnestic MCI. Lifelong CR was not related to VaD or non-amnestic MCI. Discussion: High lifelong CR is associated with reduced risks of dementia and MCI, especially AD and amnestic MCI. It highlights the importance of lifelong CR in maintaining late-life cognitive health even among people with no or limited education.
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| 15. |
- Li, Yuanjing, et al.
(författare)
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Lifelong Cognitive Reserve, Imaging Markers of Brain Aging, and Cognitive Function in Dementia-Free Rural Older Adults : A Population-Based Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 92:1, s. 261-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) partly explains cognitive variability in the presence of pathological brain aging.Objective: We investigated the interplay of lifelong CR with age, sex, and brain aging markers in cognitive phenotypes among older adults with very limited education.Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 179 dementia-free participants (age ≥65 years; 39.7% women; 67.0% had no or elementary education) examined in 2014–2016. We assessed lacunes and volumes of hippocampus, ventricles, grey matter, white matter (WM), and white matter hyperintensities. Lifelong CR score was generated from six lifespan intellectual factors (e.g., education and social support). We used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score to assess cognition and Petersen’s criteria to define mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Data were analyzed using general linear and logistic models.Results: The association of higher lifelong CR score (range: –4.0–5.0) with higher MMSE score was stronger in women (multivariable-adjusted β-coefficient and 95% CI: 1.75;0.99–2.51) than in men (0.68;0.33–1.03) (pinteraction = 0.006). The association of higher CR with MCI (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI: 0.77;0.60–0.99) did not vary by age or sex. Among participants with low CR (<1.4[median]), greater hippocampal and WM volumes were related to higher MMSE scores with multivariable-adjusted β-coefficients being 1.77(0.41–3.13) and 0.44(0.15–0.74); the corresponding figures in those with high CR were 0.15(–0.76–1.07) and –0.17(–0.41–0.07) (pinteraction <0.01). There was no statistical interaction of CR with MRI markers on MCI.Conclusion: Greater lifelong CR capacity is associated with better late-life cognition among people with limited education, possibly by compensating for impact of neurodegeneration.
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| 16. |
- Mao, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Ventricular Electrocardiographic Signatures Associated with Dementia and Plasma Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers in Older Adults : A Population-Based Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 94:4, s. 1515-1526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Evidence has emerged that altered ventricular electrocardiogram profiles are associated with dementia, but the neuropathological mechanisms underlying their associations are poorly understood. Objective: To investigate the interrelationships of ventricular electrocardiogram profiles with dementia and plasma Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers among older adults. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 5,153 participants (age >= 65 years; 57.3% women) living in rural communities in China; of these, 1,281 had data on plasma amyloid-beta (A beta)(40), A beta(42), total-tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) protein. The QT, QTc, JT, JTc, QRS intervals, and QRS axis were derived from the 10-second electrocardiogram recording. The DSM-IV criteria were followed for clinical diagnosis of dementia, the NIA-AA criteria for AD, and the NINDS-AIREN criteria for vascular dementia (VaD). Data were analyzed using general linear models, multinomial logistic models, and restricted cubic splines. Results: Of the 5,153 participants, 299 (5.8%) were diagnosed with dementia, including 194 with AD and 94 with VaD. Prolonged QT, QTc, JT, and JTc intervals were significantly associated with all-cause dementia, AD, and VaD (p < 0.05). Left QRS axis deviation was significantly associated with all-cause dementia and VaD (p < 0.01). In the subsample of plasma biomarkers (n = 1,281), prolonged QT, JT, and JTc intervals were significantly associated with a lower A beta(42)/A beta(40) ratio and higher plasma NfL concentrations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Alterations in ventricular repolarization and depolarization are independently associated with all-cause dementia, AD, VaD, and AD plasma biomarkers in older adults (age >= 65 years). Ventricular electrocardiogram parameters may be valuable clinical markers for dementia and the underlying AD pathologies and neurodegeneration.
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| 17. |
- Ning, Yuping, et al.
(författare)
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Optical simulation and preparation of novel Mo/ZrSiN/ZrSiON/SiO2 solar selective absorbing coating
- 2017
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 167, s. 178-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel Mo/ZrSiN/ZrSiON/SiO2 solar selective absorbing coating has been investigated, which was prepared by magnetron sputtering on stainless steel substrate. A high solar absorptance of 0.94 and a low thermal emittance of 0.06 at 25 degrees C were achieved. By proportionally decreasing the thicknesses of the ZrSiN, ZrSiON and SiO2 layers, the thermal emittance at 500 degrees C was decreased significantly from 0.19 to 0.12 (Delta epsilon = 0.07) while keeping the solar absorptance unchanged. The coating also showed high thermal stability at 500 degrees C in vacuum, implying that it is a promising candidate for high temperature concentrated solar power (CSP) applications.
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| 18. |
- Song, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Thalamic gray matter volume mediates the association between KIBRA polymorphism and olfactory function among older adults : a population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 33:7, s. 3664-3673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA) rs17070145 polymorphism is associated with both structure and activation of the olfactory cortex. However, no studies have thus far examined whether KIBRA can be linked with olfactory function and whether brain structure plays any role in the association. We addressed these questions in a population-based cross-sectional study among rural-dwelling older adults. This study included 1087 participants derived from the Multidomain Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China, who underwent the brain MRI scans in August 2018 to October 2020; of these, 1016 took the 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks identification test and 634 (62.40%) were defined with olfactory impairment (OI). Data were analyzed using the voxel-based morphometry analysis and general linear, logistic, and structural equation models. The KIBRA rs17070145 C-allele (CC or CT vs. TT genotype) was significantly associated with greater gray matter volume (GMV) mainly in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and left thalamus (P < 0.05) and with the multi-adjusted odds ratio of 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.56–0.95) for OI. The left thalamic GMV could mediate 8.08% of the KIBRA-olfaction association (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the KIBRA rs17070145 C-allele is associated with a reduced likelihood of OI among older adults, partly mediated through left thalamic GMV.
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| 19. |
- Song, Yongxiu, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Heterozipper β-Sheet in Twisted Amyloid Aggregation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 22:9, s. 3707-3712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid peptide (AP) self-assembly is a hierarchical process. However, the mechanistic rule of guiding peptides to organize well-ordered nanostructure in a clear and precise manner remains poorly understood. Herein we explored the molecular insight of AP motif aggregates underlying hierarchical process with helical fibrillar structure by atomic force microscope, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and molecular dynamics simulation. AP assembly encompasses well-ordered twisted fibrils with uniform morphology, size, and periodicity. More importantly, a heterozipper β-sheet was identified in a protofilament of AP assembly determined by cryo-EM with a high resolution of 3.5 Å. Each peptide heterozipper was further composed of two antiparallel β strands and arranged by an alternative manner in a protofilament. The hydrophobic core and hydrophilic area in each zipper played the significant role for peptide assembling. This work proposed and verified the rule facilitating the basic building unit to form twisted fibrils and gave the explanation of peptide hierarchical assembling.
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| 20. |
- Wang, Chaoqun, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of Cardiac Ventricular Repolarization with Serum Adhesion Molecules and Cognitive Function in Older Adults : The MIND-China Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 92:1, s. 273-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Emerging evidence has linked electrocardiographic parameters with serum adhesion molecules and cognition; however, their interrelationship has not been explored.Objective: We sought to investigate the associations of ventricular depolarization and repolarization intervals with serum adhesion molecules and cognitive function among rural-dwelling older adults.Methods: This population-based study engaged 4,886 dementia-free participants (age ≥60 years, 56.2% women) in the baseline examination (March-September 2018) of MIND-China. Of these, serum intercellular and vascular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) were measured in 1591 persons. We used a neuropsychological test battery to assess cognitive function. Resting heart rate, QT, JT intervals, and QRS duration were assessed with electrocardiogram. Data were analyzed using general linear models adjusting for multiple confounders.Results: Longer JT interval was significantly associated with lower z-scores of global cognition (multivariable-adjusted β= –0.035; 95% confidence interval = –0.055, –0.015), verbal fluency (–0.035; –0.063, –0.007), attention (–0.037; –0.065, –0.010), and executive function (–0.044; –0.072, –0.015), but not with memory function (–0.023; –0.054, 0.009). There were similar association patterns of QT interval with cognitive functions. In the serum biomarker subsample, longer JT and QT intervals remained significantly associated with poorer executive function and higher serum adhesion molecules. We detected statistical interactions of JT interval with adhesion molecules (pinteraction <0.05), such that longer JT interval was significantly associated with a lower executive function z-score only among individuals with higher serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.Conclusion: Longer ventricular depolarization and repolarization intervals are associated with worse cognitive function in older adults and vascular endothelial dysfunction may play a part in the associations.
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| 21. |
- Wang, Mingqi, et al.
(författare)
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High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and brain aging amongst rural-dwelling older adults : a population-based magnetic resonance imaging study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 28:9, s. 2882-2892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Current evidence supports the involvement of lipids in brain aging. A range of serum lipids is explored in association with brain structure and cognitive function amongst rural-dwelling older adults.Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 184 rural-dwelling adults (age ≥ 65 years, 39.1% women) in Shandong, China. In 2014–2016, data on demographics, lifestyle, health conditions and serum lipids were collected. Volumes of gray matter, white matter, ventricles, hippocampus and white matter hyperintensity were automatically estimated on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Global cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was defined according to Petersen's criteria. Data were analyzed using the general linear regression, logistic regression and mediation models.Results: Of the 184 participants, 47 were defined with MCI. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; <1.55 vs. ≥1.55 mmol/l) was significantly associated with reduced volumes of total white matter (multi-adjusted β = −9.77, 95% confidence interval −19.48–0.06) and hippocampus (−0.23, −0.46–0.01), a lower MMSE score (−1.49, −2.67–0.31) and a higher likelihood of MCI (multi-adjusted odds ratio 3.21, 95% confidence interval 1.42–7.29). The mediation effects of structural brain measures on the associations between a low level of HDL-C and MMSE score or MCI were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).Conclusions: This study suggests that low HDL-C may be involved in structural brain aging and cognitive dysfunction amongst rural-dwelling older adults in China, but the association of low HDL-C with cognitive aging phenotypes appears not to be mediated by brain structure.
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| 22. |
- Wang, Yongxiang, et al.
(författare)
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, serum cytokines, and dementia among rural-dwelling older adults in China : A population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 29:9, s. 2612-2621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Little is known about whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with dementia or the role of serum proinflammatory cytokines in the association. We aimed to investigate the interrelationships of NAFLD, serum cytokines, and dementia among rural-dwelling older adults.Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 5129 participants (aged ≥60 years; 61.79% women) who were living in rural communities and examined in March 2018–September 2018. NAFLD was defined through transabdominal ultrasound examination in the absence of hepatitis B or excessive alcohol consumption. Serum cytokines were measured in a subsample (n = 1686). Dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) were diagnosed following international criteria. Data were analyzed with logistic regression and mediation models.Results: Of the 5129 participants, 455 (8.87%) were detected with moderate-to-severe NAFLD, and 292 (5.69%) were diagnosed with dementia (188 with AD and 96 with VaD). The multivariable adjusted odds ratios associated with moderate-to-severe (vs. no-to-mild) NAFLD were 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–3.49) for all-cause dementia, 1.88 (95% CI = 1.01–3.50) for AD, and 2.62 (95% CI = 1.33–5.17) for VaD. In the cytokine subsample, controlling for multiple potential confounders, moderate-to-severe NAFLD was significantly associated with higher levels of serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin-17A, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05). The mediation analysis showed that IL-6 mediated 12.56% of the association between NAFLD and VaD.Conclusions: Moderate-to-severe nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with dementia and AD, especially with VaD, among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults, in which the association with VaD is partly mediated by serum inflammatory cytokines.
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| 23. |
- Wang, Yongxiang, et al.
(författare)
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Objectively-measured movement behaviors, systemic low-grade inflammation, and plasma neurofilament light chain in older adults : a population-based study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Immunity & Ageing. - 1742-4933. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundEvidence has linked self-reported sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) with cognitive impairment; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We examined the associations of the accelerometer-measured movement behaviors with plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) among older adults and the role of systemic low-grade inflammation in the associations.ResultsThis population-based study included 1,029 dementia-free older adults (age & GE; 60 years, range 60-88 years; 59.48% women) who undertook the ActiGraph substudy (March 2018-December 2020) in MIND-China. There were nonlinear relationships of daily SB and PA time with plasma NfL concentration, such that more daily SB time or less time spent in daily light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) was significantly associated with increased plasma NfL only when SB time & GE; 8.00 h/day or LPA time < 5.00 h/day or MVPA time < 2.00 h/day. Furthermore, more daily SB time or less daily LPA and MVPA time was significantly associated with higher serum low-grade inflammation score, a composite measure generated from serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-& alpha;, and ICAM-1 (P < 0.05). Finally, low-grade inflammation score accounted for 14.5% to 17.8% of the associations between movement behaviors and plasma NfL.ConclusionsMore daily SB and less PA time are associated with neurodegeneration and systemic low-grade inflammation in older adults. The association of movement behaviors with neurodegeneration is partially mediated by low-grade inflammation.
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| 24. |
- Wu, Lele, et al.
(författare)
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Organic matter composition and stability in estuarine wetlands depending on soil salinity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal wetlands are key players in mitigating global climate change by sequestering soil organic matter. Soil organic matter consists of less stable particulate organic matter (POM) and more stable mineral -associated organic matter (MAOM). The distribution and drivers of MAOM and POM in coastal wetlands have received little attention, despite the processes and mechanisms differ from that in the upland soils. We explored the distribution of POM and MAOM, their contributions to SOM, and the controlling factors along a salinity gradient in an estuarine wetland. In the estuarine wetland, POM C and N were influenced by soil depth and vegetation type, whereas MAOM C and N were influenced only by vegetation type. In the estuarine wetland, SOM was predominantly in the form of MAOM ( > 70 %) and increased with salinity (70 % -76 %), leading to long-term C sequestration. Both POM and MAOM increased with SOM, and the increase rate of POM was higher than that of MAOM. Aboveground plant biomass decreased with increasing salinity, resulted in a decrease in POM C (46 % - 81 %) and N (52 % -82 %) pools. As the mineral amount and activity, and microbial biomass decreased, the MAOM C (2.5 % -64 %) and N pool (8.6 % -59 %) decreased with salinity. When evaluating POM, the most influential factors were microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Key parameters, including MBC, DOC, soil salinity, soil water content, aboveground plant biomass, mineral content and activity, and bulk density, were identified as influencing factors for both MAOM abundance. Soil water content not only directly controlled MAOM, but together with salinity also indirectly regulated POM and MAOM by controlling microbial biomass and aboveground plant biomass. Our findings have important implications for improving the accumulation and increased stability of soil organic matter in coastal wetlands, considering the global sea level rise and increased frequency of inundation.
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| 25. |
- Xia, Shaopan, et al.
(författare)
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Storage, patterns and influencing factors for soil organic carbon in coastal wetlands of China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 28:20, s. 6065-6085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil organic carbon (SOC) in coastal wetlands, also known as "blue C," is an essential component of the global C cycles. To gain a detailed insight into blue C storage and controlling factors, we studied 142 sites across ca. 5000 km of coastal wetlands, covering temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates in China. The wetlands represented six vegetation types (Phragmites australis, mixed of P. australis and Suaeda, single Suaeda, Spartina alterniflora, mangrove [Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina], tidal flat) and three vegetation types invaded by S. alterniflora (P. australis, K. obovata, A. marina). Our results revealed large spatial heterogeneity in SOC density of the top 1-m ranging 40-200 Mg C ha(-1), with higher values in mid-latitude regions (25-30 degrees N) compared with those in both low- (20 degrees N) and high-latitude (38-40 degrees N) regions. Vegetation type influenced SOC density, with P. australis and S. alterniflora having the largest SOC density, followed by mangrove, mixed P. australis and Suaeda, single Suaeda and tidal flat. SOC density increased by 6.25 Mg ha(-1) following S. alterniflora invasion into P. australis community but decreased by 28.56 and 8.17 Mg ha(-1) following invasion into K. obovata and A. marina communities. Based on field measurements and published literature, we calculated a total inventory of 57 x 10(6) Mg C in the top 1-m soil across China's coastal wetlands. Edaphic variables controlled SOC content, with soil chemical properties explaining the largest variance in SOC content. Climate did not control SOC content but had a strong interactive effect with edaphic variables. Plant biomass and quality traits were a minor contributor in regulating SOC content, highlighting the importance of quantity and quality of OC inputs and the balance between production and degradation within the coastal wetlands. These findings provide new insights into blue C stabilization mechanisms and sequestration capacity in coastal wetlands.
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