| 1. |
- Štambuk, Jerko, et al.
(författare)
-
Global variability of the human IgG glycome
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Aging. - : Impact Journals LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 12:15, s. 15222-15259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant serum antibody which structural characteristics and effector functions are modulated through the attachment of various sugar moieties called glycans. Composition of the IgG N-glycome changes with age of an individual and in different diseases. Variability of IgG glycosylation within a population is well studied and is known to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. However, global inter-population differences in IgG glycosylation have never been properly addressed. Here we present population-specific N-glycosylation patterns of IgG, analyzed in 5 different populations totaling 10,482 IgG glycomes, and of IgG's fragment crystallizable region (Fc), analyzed in 2,579 samples from 27 populations sampled across the world. Country of residence associated with many N-glycan features and the strongest association was with monogalactosylation where it explained 38% of variability. IgG monogalactosylation strongly correlated with the development level of a country, defined by United Nations health and socioeconomic development indicators, and with the expected lifespan. Subjects from developing countries had low levels of IgG galactosylation, characteristic for inflammation and ageing. Our results suggest that citizens of developing countries may be exposed to environmental factors that can cause low-grade chronic inflammation and the apparent increase in biological age.
|
|
| 2. |
- Wang, Yuying, et al.
(författare)
-
The prevalence of adverse reactions among individuals with three-dose COVID-19 vaccination
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Infection and Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-0341. ; 16:1, s. 125-132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Considering the adverse reactions to vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some people, particularly the elderly and those with underlying medical conditions, are hesitant to be vaccinated. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of adverse reactions and provide direct evidence of vaccine safety, mainly for the elderly and people with underlying medical conditions, to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: From 1st March to 30th April 2022, we conducted an online survey of people who had completed three doses of COVID-19 vaccination by convenience sampling. Adverse reaction rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. In addition, conditional logistic regression was used to compare the differences in adverse reactions among the elderly and those with underlying medical conditions with the general population. Results: A total of 3339 individuals were included in this study, of which 2335 (69.9%) were female, with an average age of 32.1 ± 11.4 years. The prevalence of adverse reactions after the first dose of inactivated vaccine was 24.6% (23.1–26.2%), 19.2% (17.8–20.7%) for the second dose, and 19.1% (17.7–20.6%) for the booster dose; among individuals using messenger RNA vaccines, the prevalence was 42.7% (32.3–53.6%) for the first dose, 47.2% (36.5–58.1%) for the second dose, and 46.1% (35.4–57.0%) for the booster dose. Compared with the general population, the prevalence of adverse events did not differ in individuals with underlying medical conditions and those aged 60 and above. Conclusions: For individuals with underlying medical conditions and those aged 60 and above, the prevalence of adverse reactions is similar to that of the general population, which provides a scientific basis regarding vaccination safety for these populations.
|
|
| 3. |
- Liu, Xiangdong, et al.
(författare)
-
Cancer risk in patients with hepatitis C virus infection : A population-based study in Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Cancer Medicine. - : Wiley. - 2045-7634. ; 6:5, s. 1135-1140
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased risks of certain cancers have been observed in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, data on other cancer sites/types are lacking. We analyzed systematically the risk of developing 35 common cancers in patients with HCV infection using a nationwide Swedish database. Patients with HCV infection were identified from the Swedish Hospital Inpatient and Outpatient Register and Primary Health Care Database, and followed until the diagnosis of cancer. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for subsequent 35 common cancer sites/types between 1990 and 2010 in patients with HCV infection in Sweden. Increased risks were recorded for six cancers. The highest SIR was seen for liver cancer (36.67; 95% CI: 33.20-40.40). The decreased risk was for prostate cancer (0.73; 95% CI: 0.59-0.90) and melanoma (0.50; 95% CI: 0.30-0.79). A significant sex-difference for cancer was observed only for liver cancer (40.72; 95% CI: 36.36-45.45 for men and 27.21; 95% CI: 21.90-33.41 for women). Also, increased SIRs were noted only for liver cancer during the entire period of follow-up. HCV infection was associated with an increased incidence of liver cancer and additionally five other types of cancer. Active surveillance of other cancers may be needed in order to be diagnosed at an earlier stage.
|
|
| 4. |
- Zhang, Xiaoyu, et al.
(författare)
-
Causality assessment of circulating Vitamin D level on venous thromboembolism : A Mendelian randomization study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - 0939-4753. ; 33:9, s. 1800-1807
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: The associations of vitamin D level with venous thromboembolism (VTE) reported in observational studies, whereas these causal associations were uncertain in European population. Therefore, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) method to explore the causal associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and the risk of VTE and its subtypes [including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE)]. Methods and results: We used three kinds of genetic instruments to proxy the exposure of 25(OH)D, including genetic variants significantly associated with 25(OH)D, expression quantitative trait loci of 25(OH)D target genes, and genetic variants within or nearby 25(OH)D target genes. MR analyses did not provide any evidence for the associations of 25(OH)D levels with VTE and its subtypes (p > 0.05). The summary-data-based MR (SMR) analyses indicated that elevated expression of VDR was associated with decreased risk of VTE (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.65–0.998; p = 0.047) and PE (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50–0.91; p = 0.011), and expression of AMDHD1 was associated with PE (OR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88–0.99; p = 0.027). MR analysis provided a significant causal effect of 25(OH)D level mediated by gene AMDHD1 on PE risk (OR = 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01–0.60; p = 0.012). Conclusion: Our MR analysis did not support causal association of 25(OH)D level with the risk of VTE and its subtypes. In addition, the expression of VDR and AMDHD1 involved in vitamin D metabolism showed a strong association with VTE or PE and might represent targets for these conditions.
|
|
| 5. |
- Zhou, Guoyi, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate and litter C/N ratio constrain soil organic carbon accumulation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: National Science Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2095-5138 .- 2053-714X. ; 6:4, s. 746-757
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays critical roles in stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentration, but the mechanistic controls on the amount and distribution of SOC on global scales are not well understood. In turn, this has hampered the ability to model global C budgets and to find measures to mitigate climate change. Here, based on the data from a large field survey campaign with 2600 plots across China's forest ecosystems and a global collection of published data from forested land, we find that a low litter carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and high wetness index (P/PET, precipitation-to-potential-evapotranspiration ratio) are the two factors that promote SOC accumulation, with only minor contributions of litter quantity and soil texture. The field survey data demonstrated that high plant diversity decreased litter C/N and thus indirectly promoted SOC accumulation by increasing the litter quality. We conclude that any changes in plant-community composition, plant-species richness and environmental factors that can reduce the litter C/N ratio, or climatic changes that increase wetness index, may promote SOC accumulation. The study provides a guideline for modeling the carbon cycle of various ecosystem scales and formulates the principle for land-based actions for mitigating the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration.
|
|
| 6. |
- Li, Xiaochun, et al.
(författare)
-
Bidirectional associations of intellectual and social activities with cognitive function among middle-aged and elderly adults in China
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327. ; 319, s. 83-89
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies evaluating the association between leisure activities and cognitive function produced conflicting results. Different types of leisure activities may have different effects on cognition, and very few studies have explored their bidirectional associations. Our study aimed to explore whether intellectual and social activities had bidirectional associations with cognitive function among the middle-aged and elderly adults in China. Methods: Data was derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The data in this study were based on 11,549 participants aged 45 or older whose intellectual and social activities and cognitive function were assessed at baseline. Cross-lagged panel model was used to examine the temporal relationship of intellectual and social activities with cognitive function. Results: Totally, 5624 participants completed the third follow-up in 2018. The results showed that the better the cognitive function they had at baseline, the more intellectual activities they were engage in (β = 0.044, P < 0.001) and vice versa (β = 0.042, P = 0.001). Additionally, better cognitive function at baseline was significantly associated with more engagement in social activities (β = 0.028, P = 0.030); in contrast, higher engagement in social activities at baseline was not related to better cognitive function (β = −0.008, P = 0.523). Limitations: Engagement in social and intellectual activities was assessed via questionnaire. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that there was a bidirectional relationship between intellectual activities and cognitive function. However, participation in social activities did not slow down the decline in cognitive function. Participating in intellectual activities, compared to social activities, is especially beneficial for cognitive function.
|
|
| 7. |
- Sun, Ming, et al.
(författare)
-
Temporal trends of sex disparity in incidence and survival of colorectal cancer : Variations by anatomical site and age at diagnosis
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Clinical Epidemiology. - 1179-1349. ; 12, s. 73-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) varies by age, sex, and anatomical subsite. Few studies have examined the temporal trends of age-specific sex disparity in incidence and survival by age at diagnosis and anatomical site. Patients and Methods: The study was performed on all incident cases of CRC, using data derived from the nationwide Swedish Cancer Register between 1960 and 2014, including right-sided colon cancer (RCC), left-sided colon cancer (LCC), and rectal cancer. Male-to-female age-standardized incidence rate ratio (IRR) and male-to-female five-year survival rate ratio (SRR) were calculated as the main indicators. Furthermore, we performed joinpoint regression analyses to estimate average annual percentage change. Results: The overall male-to-female IRR was 1.05 for RCC, 1.31 for LCC, and 1.66 for rectal cancer. Male-to-female IRR increased steadily for RCC by an average of 0.4% per year until the mid-1990s and then decreased gradually by an average of 1.0% per year. LCC patients showed an increase of 0.6% per year since the mid-1970s. For rectal cancer, a non-significant random fluctuation was noted during the study period. The temporal trends of male-to-female IRR varied by age at diagnosis. The male-to-female SRR was 0.87 for RCC, 0.88 for LCC, and 0.86 for rectal cancer, which remained relatively stable during the study period. Conclusion: Sex disparity of CRC is age-, period-, and anatomical subsite-dependent. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying contributing factors.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sun, Ming, et al.
(författare)
-
The Association Between Cancer and Dementia : A National Cohort Study in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have found that the incidence of dementia is lower in patients with cancer. However, the impact of survival bias, as well as the confounding by medical treatment, have not been fully addressed. We aimed to explore the subsequent risk of dementia in different follow-up intervals among patients with cancer, as well as the risk before the diagnosis of cancer. Methods: By using the Swedish Cancer Register and the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register, we systematically examined the risk of dementia among patients diagnosed with 35 different types of cancer. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to calculate the relative risk. Results: The subsequent risk of dementia in patients with cancer decreased by 21% compared to matched cancer-free controls (SIR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.78–0.80). For specific cancer sites, 21 of them had a significantly lower risk of subsequent dementia. The decreased risk of dementia was also significant before the diagnosis of cancer. However, the risk was higher among patients with cancer who survived for more than 10 years' post-diagnosis (SIR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.32–1.41). Conclusions: In this population-based study, we found that the risk of dementia was lower among patients with cancer, and the risk was also lower before the diagnosis of cancer. This suggests that lower dementia risk is not simply due to bias. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be explored further.
|
|
