| 1. |
- Pfaller, M.A., et al.
(författare)
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Twelve years of fluconazole in clinical practice : Global-trends in species distribution and fluconazole susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 10:SUPPL. 1, s. 11-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We determined the species distribution and in-vitro susceptibility of 6082 bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates of Candida spp. collected from 250 medical centres in 32 nations over a 10-year period from 1992 through 2001. The species included 3401 C. albicans, 984 C. glabrata, 796 C. parapsilosis, 585 C. tropicalis, 153 C. krusei, 67 C. lusitaniae, 48 C. guilliermondii, 10 C. famata, 10 C. kefyr, six C. pelliculosa, five C. rugosa, four C. lipolytica, three C. dubliniensis, three C. inconspicua, two C. sake and one isolate each of C. lambica, C. norvegensis and C. zeylanoides. Minimum inhibitory concentration determinations were made using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards reference broth microdilution method. Variation in the rank order and frequency of the different species of Candida was observed over time and by geographic area. The proportion of BSI due to C. albicans and C. glabrata increased and C. parapsilosis decreased over time in Canada, the USA and Europe. C. glabrata was an infrequent cause of BSI in Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region. Very little variation in fluconazole susceptibility was observed among isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. These species accounted for 78% of all BSI and remained highly susceptible (91-100% susceptible) to fluconazole from 1992 to 2001 irrespective of geographic origin. The prevalence of fluconazole resistance among C. glabrata isolates was variable both over time and among the various countries and regions. Resistance to fluconazole among C. glabrata isolates was greatest in the USA and varied by US census region (range 0-23%). These observations are generally encouraging relative to the sustained usefulness of fluconazole as a systemically active antifungal agent for the treatment of candida BSI. © 2004 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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| 2. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Garibaldi, Lucas A., et al.
(författare)
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Wild Pollinators Enhance Fruit Set of Crops Regardless of Honey Bee Abundance
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 339:6127, s. 1608-1611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diversity and abundance of wild insect pollinators have declined in many agricultural landscapes. Whether such declines reduce crop yields, or are mitigated by managed pollinators such as honey bees, is unclear. We found universally positive associations of fruit set with flower visitation by wild insects in 41 crop systems worldwide. In contrast, fruit set increased significantly with flower visitation by honey bees in only 14% of the systems surveyed. Overall, wild insects pollinated crops more effectively; an increase in wild insect visitation enhanced fruit set by twice as much as an equivalent increase in honey bee visitation. Visitation by wild insects and honey bees promoted fruit set independently, so pollination by managed honey bees supplemented, rather than substituted for, pollination by wild insects. Our results suggest that new practices for integrated management of both honey bees and diverse wild insect assemblages will enhance global crop yields.
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| 4. |
- Krawczynska, A. T., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of high pressure torsion processing on helium ion irradiation resistance of molybdenum
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 191, s. 112151-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microstructure of Mo was significantly refined by high pressure torsion to verify its irradiation tolerance in comparison with its micrograined counterpart. After deformation microhardness increased from 231 Hv0.2 for a microgarined sample to 542 and 558 Hv0.2, respectively after one and five rotations. Concurrently, the grain refinement was observed, as the grain size decreased with the increase of the deformation degree down to 480 and 110 nm, respectively for one and five rotations. Subsequently, deformed Mo and a micrograined one were irradiated by He ions to the dose of 8 x 1016/cm 2 to verify their potential application as fusion mirrors. Irra-diations were followed by reflectivity measurements in the 300-2400 nm range with a dual beam spectrometer. The measurements revealed that the applied dose causes a decrease in total reflectivity of the micrograined sample, whereas the total reflectivity of deformed samples decreases by additional 2.5%. Nanohardness mea-surements, detailed microscopy observations using focused ion beam and scanning transmission electron mi-croscope as well as positron annihilation spectroscopy investigations were performed to elucidate changes in the microstructure and understand the different mechanisms of bubble creation after irradiation in micrograined and high pressure torsion processed samples.
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| 5. |
- Coates, Allan L., et al.
(författare)
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ERS technical standard on bronchial challenge testing : General considerations and performance of methacholine challenge tests
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 49:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This international task force report updates general considerations for bronchial challenge testing and the performance of the methacholine challenge test. There are notable changes from prior recommendations in order to accommodate newer delivery devices. Rather than basing the test result upon a methacholine concentration (provocative concentration (PC20) causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)), the new recommendations base the result upon the delivered dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (provocative dose (PD20)). This end-point allows comparable results from different devices or protocols, thus any suitable nebuliser or dosimeter may be used, so long as the delivery characteristics are known. Inhalation may be by tidal breathing using a breath-actuated or continuous nebuliser for 1 min (or more), or by a dosimeter with a suitable breath count. Tests requiring maximal inhalations to total lung capacity are not recommended because the bronchoprotective effect of a deep breath reduces the sensitivity of the test.
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| 6. |
- Hallstrand, Teal S., et al.
(författare)
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ERS technical standard on bronchial challenge testing : pathophysiology and methodology of indirect airway challenge testing
- 2018
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 52:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, this international task force reported the general considerations for bronchial challenge testing and the performance of the methacholine challenge test, a "direct" airway challenge test. Here, the task force provides an updated description of the pathophysiology and the methods to conduct indirect challenge tests. Because indirect challenge tests trigger airway narrowing through the activation of endogenous pathways that are involved in asthma, indirect challenge tests tend to be specific for asthma and reveal much about the biology of asthma, but may be less sensitive than direct tests for the detection of airway hyperresponsiveness. We provide recommendations for the conduct and interpretation of hyperpnoea challenge tests such as dry air exercise challenge and eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea that provide a single strong stimulus for airway narrowing. This technical standard expands the recommendations to additional indirect tests such as hypertonic saline, mannitol and adenosine challenge that are incremental tests, but still retain characteristics of other indirect challenges. Assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness, with direct and indirect tests, are valuable tools to understand and to monitor airway function and to characterise the underlying asthma phenotype to guide therapy. The tests should be interpreted within the context of the clinical features of asthma.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Miller, M R, et al.
(författare)
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General considerations for lung function testing.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936. ; 26:1, s. 153-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Miller, M R, et al.
(författare)
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Standardisation of spirometry.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936. ; 26:2, s. 319-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
- Pellegrino, R, et al.
(författare)
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Definition of COPD: based on evidence or opinion?
- 2008
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003. ; 31:3, s. 681-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Pellegrino, R, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretative strategies for lung function tests.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936. ; 26:5, s. 948-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
- Wanger, J, et al.
(författare)
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Standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936. ; 26:3, s. 511-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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