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| 2. |
- Li, Shunyi, et al.
(författare)
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Intrinsic energy band alignment of functional oxides
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letetrs. - : Wiley. - 1862-6254 .- 1862-6270. ; 8:6, s. 571-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy band alignment at interfaces between different materials is a key factor, which determines the function of electronic devices. While the energy band alignment of conventional semiconductors is quite well understood, systematic experimental studies on oxides are still missing. This work presents an extensive study on the intrinsic energy band alignment of a wide range of functional oxides using photoelectron spectroscopy with in-situ sample preparation. The studied materials have particular technological importance in diverse fields as solar cells, piezotronics, multiferroics, photoelectrochemistry and oxide electronics. Particular efforts have been made to verify the validity of transitivity, in order to confirm the intrinsic nature of the obtained band alignment and to understand the underlying principles. Valence band offsets up to 1.6 eV are observed. The large variation of valence band maximum energy can be explained by the different orbital contributions to the density of states in the valence band. The framework provided by this work enables the general understanding and prediction of energy band alignment at oxide interfaces, and furthermore the tailoring of energy level matching for charge transfer in functional oxides. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
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| 5. |
- Malzbender, K., et al.
(författare)
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Validation, Deployment, and Real-World Implementation of a Modular Toolbox for Alzheimer’s Disease Detection and Dementia Risk Reduction: The AD-RIDDLE Project
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. - 2274-5807 .- 2426-0266. ; 11:2, s. 329-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Real-World Implementation, Deployment, and Validation of Early Detection Tools and Lifestyle Enhancement (AD-RIDDLE) project, recently launched with the support of the EU Innovative Health Initiative (IHI) public-private partnership and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), aims to develop, test, and deploy a modular toolbox platform that can reduce existing barriers to the timely detection, and therapeutic approaches in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), thus accelerating AD innovation. By focusing on health system and health worker practices, AD-RIDDLE seeks to improve and smooth AD management at and between each key step of the clinical pathway and across the disease continuum, from at-risk asymptomatic stages to early symptomatic ones. This includes innovation and improvement in AD awareness, risk reduction and prevention, detection, diagnosis, and intervention. The 24 partners in the AD-RIDDLE interdisciplinary consortium will develop and test the AD-RIDDLE toolbox platform and its components individually and in combination in six European countries. Expected results from this cross-sectoral research collaboration include tools for earlier detection and accurate diagnosis; validated, novel digital cognitive and blood-based biomarkers; and improved access to individualized preventative interventions (including multimodal interventions and symptomatic/disease-modifying therapies) across diverse populations, within the framework of precision medicine. Overall, AD-RIDDLE toolbox platform will advance management of AD, improving outcomes for patients and their families, and reducing costs.
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| 6. |
- Schmelz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Active "itch fibers" in chronic pruritus
- 2003
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 61:4, s. 564-566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An itch-specific neuronal pathway was recently discovered in healthy humans and animals. Here the authors report that activity in this specific pathway coincides with itch under pathophysiologic conditions in a patient with chronic pruritus. Microneurographic recordings from the symptomatic area revealed spontaneous activity in six single C-fiber afferents that had the characteristic features of "itch fibers." Itch may be caused by activity in a specific subpopulation of C-fiber afferents.
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| 8. |
- Tuncel, J., et al.
(författare)
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Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis (I) : Pristane-Induced Arthritis in the Rat
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To facilitate the development of therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the Innovative Medicines Initiative BTCure has combined the experience from several laboratories worldwide to establish a series of protocols for different animal models of arthritis that reflect the pathogenesis of RA. Here, we describe chronic pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) model in DA rats, and provide detailed instructions to set up and evaluate the model and for reporting data. METHODS: We optimized dose of pristane and immunization procedures and determined the effect of age, gender, and housing conditions. We further assessed cage-effects, reproducibility, and frequency of chronic arthritis, disease markers, and efficacy of standard and novel therapies. RESULTS: Out of 271 rats, 99.6% developed arthritis after pristane-administration. Mean values for day of onset, day of maximum arthritis severity and maximum clinical scores were 11.8+/-2.0 days, 20.3+/-5.1 days and 34.2+/-11 points on a 60-point scale, respectively. The mean frequency of chronic arthritis was 86% but approached 100% in long-term experiments over 110 days. Pristane was arthritogenic even at 5 microliters dose but needed to be administrated intradermally to induce robust disease with minimal variation. The development of arthritis was age-dependent but independent of gender and whether the rats were housed in conventional or barrier facilities. PIA correlated well with weight loss and acute phase reactants, and was ameliorated by etanercept, dexamethasone, cyclosporine A and fingolimod treatment. CONCLUSIONS: PIA has high incidence and excellent reproducibility. The chronic relapsing-remitting disease and limited systemic manifestations make it more suitable than adjuvant arthritis for long-term studies of joint-inflammation and screening and validation of new therapeutics.
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| 9. |
- Hilliges, M, et al.
(författare)
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ATP responses in human C nociceptors
- 2002
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0304-3959. ; 98:1-2, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 14. |
- Schmelz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Chemical response pattern of different classes of C-nociceptors to pruritogens and algogens
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurophysiology. - Washington : The American Physiological Society. - 0022-3077 .- 1522-1598. ; 89:5, s. 2441-2448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vasoneuroactive substances were applied through intradermal microdialysis membranes and characterized as itch- or pain-inducing in psychophysical experiments. Histamine always provoked itching and rarely pain, capsaicin always pain but never itching. Prostaglandin E[2] (PGE[2]) led preferentially to moderate itching. Serotonin, acetylcholine, and bradykinin induced pain more often than itching. Subsequently the same substances were used in microneurography experiments to characterize the sensitivity profile of human cutaneous C-nociceptors. The responses of 89 mechanoresponsive (CMH, polymodal nociceptors), 52 mechanoinsensitive, histamine-negative (CMi[H][i][s][-]), and 24 mechanoinsensitive, histamine-positive (CMi[H][i][s][+]) units were compared. CMi[H][i][s][+] units were most responsive to histamine and to PGE[2] and less to serotonin, ACh, bradykinin, and capsaicin. CMH units (polymodal nociceptors) and CMi[H][i][s] units showed significantly weaker responses to histamine, PGE[2], and acetylcholine. Capsaicin and bradykinin responses were not significantly different in the two classes of mechano-insensitive units. We conclude that CMi[H][i][s][+]units are "selective," but not "specific" for pruritogenic substances and that the pruritic potency of a mediator increases with its ability to activate CMi[H][i][s][+] units but decreases with activation of CMH and CMi[H][i][s] units.
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| 18. |
- Stranne, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic mapping of mixed layer depth
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ocean Science. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1812-0784 .- 1812-0792. ; 14:3, s. 503-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ocean surface mixed layer is a nearly universal feature of the world oceans. Variations in the depth of the mixed layer (MLD) influences the exchange of heat, fresh water (through evaporation), and gases between the atmosphere and the ocean and constitutes one of the major factors controlling ocean primary production as it affects the vertical distribution of biological and chemical components in near-surface waters. Direct observations of the MLD are traditionally made by means of conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) casts. However, CTD instrument deployment limits the observation of temporal and spatial variability in the MLD. Here, we present an alternative method in which acoustic mapping of the MLD is done remotely by means of commercially available ship-mounted echo sounders. The method is shown to be highly accurate when the MLD is well defined and biological scattering does not dominate the acoustic returns. These prerequisites are often met in the open ocean and it is shown that the method is successful in 95% of data collected in the central Arctic Ocean. The primary advantages of acoustically mapping the MLD over CTD measurements are (1) considerably higher temporal and horizontal resolutions and (2) potentially larger spatial coverage.
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| 19. |
- Stranne, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic Mapping of Thermohaline Staircases in the Arctic Ocean
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although there is enough heat contained in inflowing warm Atlantic Ocean water to melt all Arctic sea ice within a few years, a cold halocline limits upward heat transport from the Atlantic water. The amount of heat that penetrates the halocline to reach the sea ice is not well known, but vertical heat transport through the halocline layer can significantly increase in the presence of double diffusive convection. Such convection can occur when salinity and temperature gradients share the same sign, often resulting in the formation of thermohaline staircases. Staircase structures in the Arctic Ocean have been previously identified and the associated double diffusive convection has been suggested to influence the Arctic Ocean in general and the fate of the Arctic sea ice cover in particular. A central challenge to understanding the role of double diffusive convection in vertical heat transport is one of observation. Here, we use broadband echo sounders to characterize Arctic thermohaline staircases at their full vertical and horizontal resolution over large spatial areas (100 s of kms). In doing so, we offer new insight into the mechanism of thermohaline staircase evolution and scale, and hence fluxes, with implications for understanding ocean mixing processes and ocean-sea ice interactions.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Tufvesson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression is increased in the alveolar compartment of asthmatic patients
- 2017
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Ingår i: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 72:4, s. 627-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Increased exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels in asthma are suggested to be through inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of iNOS in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and tissue from central and peripheral airways and compare it with the exhaled bronchial and alveolar NO levels in patients with asthma vs a control group. Methods: Thirty-two patients with asthma (defined as controlled or uncontrolled according to Asthma Control Test score cut-off: 20) and eight healthy controls were included. Exhaled NO was measured, and alveolar concentration and bronchial flux were calculated. iNOS was measured in central and peripheral lung biopsies, as well as BAL cells. Bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages were stimulated in vitro, and iNOS expression and NO production were investigated. Results: Expression of iNOS was increased in central airway tissue and the alveolar compartment in uncontrolled as compared to controlled asthmatics and healthy controls. There were no differences, however, in iNOS mRNA levels in total BAL cells in uncontrolled as compared to controlled asthma. Bronchoalveolar lavage cell mRNA levels of iNOS or iNOS expression in central and alveolar tissue did not relate to alveolar NO, nor to bronchial flux of NO. In vitro stimulation with leukotriene D4 increased iNOS mRNA levels and NO production in cultured BAL macrophages. Conclusion: The levels of both bronchial and alveolar iNOS are increased in uncontrolled as compared to controlled asthma. However, levels of iNOS in BAL macrophages were not reflected by alveolar NO. Both central and distal iNOS levels may reflect responsiveness to steroid treatment.
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| 22. |
- Wagenlehner, F. M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotikaprophylaxe in der Urologie
- 2011
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Ingår i: Der Urologe. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-2592 .- 1433-0563. ; 50:11, s. 1469-1478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is the prevention of surgical site infections and urinary tract infections during urological procedures. The indication for antibiotic prophylaxis comprises several risk factors such as the degree of contamination of the operative site, duration of surgery, implantation of devices and comorbidities of the individual patient. In general this involves a single antibiotic administration before the operative procedure. The antibiotic prophylaxis is part of the total antibiotic consumption and thus a factor contributing to emergence of antibiotic resistance. It is not a substitute for hygiene measures or operative precision.
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