| 1. |
- Chen, Qingguo, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation and properties of Ce0.5Nd0.5PO4 monazite ceramics by pressureless sintering and spark plasma sintering (SPS)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 50:12, s. 20803-20810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- LnPO4·nH2O rhabdophane/monazite is an important actinide-bearing material in the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle. In this work, using Nd3+ to simulate trivalent actinides, Ce0.5Nd0.5PO4·0.667H2O rhabdophane was synthesized by the wet-chemistry method in 90 °C and pH = 1 solution. The sintering behavior of associated Ce0.5Nd0.5PO4 monazite ceramics was investigated by pressureless sintering and spark plasma sintering (SPS), along with appraising their chemical stability. The results reveal that Ce3+ is successfully replaced by Nd3+ in the rhabdophane lattice, and rhabdophane can transform to monazite with a temperature over 750 °C. SPS can compact the ceramic sample at a lower temperature compared to pressureless sintering even if the grain size is smaller. Adding a pre-sintering process of 900 °C before SPS and pressureless sintering will further improve the density and Vickers hardness of ceramics. For the chemical stability of Ce0.5Nd0.5PO4 monazite ceramics, Ce is more likely to be leached compared to Nd, and the ceramics prepared by SPS with a pre-sintering process have the lowest normalized leaching rates, associated with the values of 2.03 × 10−5 g·m−2·d−1 and 0.75 × 10−5 g·m−2·d−1 for Ce and Nd, respectively.
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| 2. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 3. |
- Wen, Qianyun, et al.
(författare)
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Fuzzy Ensemble of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods for Heating Energy Transition in Danish Households
- 2021
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Ingår i: Mathematics. - : MDPI. - 2227-7390. ; 9:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than 110 countries, including 500 cities worldwide, have set the goal of reaching carbon neutrality. Heating contributes to most of the residential energy consumption and carbon emissions. The green energy transition of fossil-based heating systems is needed to reach the emission goals. However, heating systems vary in energy source, heating technology, equipment location, and these complexities make it challenging for households to compare heating systems and make decisions. Hence, a decision support tool that provides a generalized ranking of individual heating alternatives is proposed for households as decision makers to identify the optimal choice. This paper presents an analysis of 13 heating alternatives and 19 quantitative criteria in technological, environmental, and financial aspects, combines ideal solution-based multi-criteria decision making with 6 weighting methods and 4 normalization methods, and introduces ensemble learning with a fuzzy membership function derived from Cauchy distribution to finalize the ultimate ranking. The robustness of the proposed method is verified by three sensitive analyses from different aspects. Air-to-water heat pump, solar heating and direct district heating are the top three rankings in the final result under Danish national average data. A framework is designed to guide decision makers to apply this ranking guideline with their practical, feasible situations.
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| 4. |
- Zhao, Shizhen, et al.
(författare)
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Study on glass-ceramics made from MSWI fly ash, pickling sludge and waste glass by one-step process
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Municipal solid waste incinerated (MSWI) fly ash and pickling sludge contain heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Ni, etc., which are harmful to the environment but also suitable to be the nucleating agents in glass-ceramics preparation. In this paper, MSWI fly ash, pickling sludge, and waste glass were melted at 1400 °C for 3 h, and the obtained parent glass was nucleated and crystallized at 800 °C for 0.5 h. Glass-ceramics was successfully prepared by the one-step process. The effects of the content of pickling sludge on crystalline properties of parent glass and the physicochemical properties of glass-ceramics have been systematically discussed. The gap between nucleation temperature (Tn) and crystallization temperature (Tc) can be narrowed with higher content of pickling sludge, which caused fracture of the glass network (Si-O) and generation of the nonbridging oxygen (NBO), promoting the formation of diopside phase. As a result, nucleation and crystallization can be finished at the same temperature, called one-step process. The sample PS22 with 22 wt% pickling sludge added performed the best crystallization ability for having the narrowest gap (ΔT = 177 °C) between Tc and glass transition temperature (Tg) and the highest ratio of NBO to total oxygen (T) (NBO/T = 1.72). The Vickers’ hardness and bending resistance of the products are 13.11 GPa and 135.84 MPa, respectively. The glass-ceramics are composed of homogeneously distributed diopside, donathite-spinel and glass phase. The toxic heavy metals are effectively stabilized by glass-ceramics. This study provides insights into more efficient and cleaner utilization of MSWI fly ash, pickling sludge and waste glass as glass-ceramic materials.
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