| 1. |
- Collin, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Evaluations of Innovation Policy: Exploring Reliability, Methods, and Conflicts of Interest
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: Questioning the Entrepreneurial State : Status-quo, Pitfalls, and the Need for Credible Innovation Policy - Status-quo, Pitfalls, and the Need for Credible Innovation Policy. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1572-1922. - 9783030942755 - 9783030942731 - 9783030942724 ; 1, s. 157-173
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Expansions of innovation policies have been paralleled with an increasein the evaluations of such policies. Yet, there are few systematic evaluations of how such evaluations are conducted, by whom, and their overall conclusions. We analyze 110 evaluations of innovation policy in Sweden from 2005 to 2019. Our findings show that the majority of these evaluations are positive, about one-third are neutral in their conclusions, and very few are negative. The majority of evaluations were conducted by consulting firms, close to one-third by expert government agencies, and around 10% by university researchers or as self-evaluations by the governmental agencies responsible for the policy themselves. Few evaluations employed causal methods to assess the potential effects of policies. We discuss conflicts of interest and question the reliability of evaluations of innovation policy.
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| 2. |
- Yar Hamidi, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Creativity in entrepreneurship education
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. - : Emerald. - 1462-6004 .- 1758-7840. - 9781846639142 ; 15:2, s. 304-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use social cognitive theory to investigate entrepreneurial intent among participants in graduate entrepreneurship programs. Specifically, the authors test whether students’ creative potential is related to their intention to engage in entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach – Theoretically derived hypotheses are tested using multiple and ordinal regression analyses. Findings – High scores on a creativity test and prior entrepreneurial experiences are positively associated with entrepreneurial intentions, whereas perception of risks has a negative influence. Research limitations/implications – The authors’ theoretical predictors of entrepreneurial intention received strong support, indicating that creativity should be considered in models of entrepreneurial intentions. However, the use of intentions as dependent variable has its own weaknesses in that it may not distinguish between “dreamers” and “doers”. Practical implications – The findings indicate that exercises in creativity can be used to raise the entrepreneurial intentions of students in entrepreneurship education. Heterogeneity in creative styles among students also points to the problems of a “one-size-fits-all” approach to entrepreneurship education. Originality/value – The paper is the first to investigate the importance of creativity in entrepreneurship education and theoretical models of entrepreneurial intentions. Keywords Entrepreneurialism, Education, Students
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| 3. |
- Ahlin, Lina, et al.
(författare)
-
Akademiskt entreprenörskap ger samhällsekonomisk vinst : Entreprenörskap och företagande bland akademiker under perioden 2004–2009
- 2013
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I denna rapport analyseras samhällseffekter av satsningar på akademisk utbildning genom att se på hur akademikers involvering i kunskapsintensivt företagande under perioden 2004-2009 bidrar till nya arbetstillfällen och ekonomisk tillväxt. I rapporten fokuseras särskilt fyra huvudsakliga grupper av akademiker: civilekonomer, civilingenjörer, jurister samt läkare/ tandläkare (medicinare). Rapporten är författad av Lina Ahlin; verksam vid CIRCLE och Nationalekonomiska institutionen/Lunds Universitet, Jonas Gabrielsson; verksam vid CIRCLE/Lunds Universitet och Sektionen för Ekonomi och Teknik/Högskolan i Halmstad, samt Karl Wennberg; verksam vid Centrum för Entreprenörskap och Affärsskapande/ Handelshögskolan i Stockholm och Ratio - Näringslivets Forskningsinstitut.Rapportens resultat visar genomgående att akademikers företag bidrar till nya arbetstillfällen och ekonomisk tillväxt i betydligt högre utsträckning än andra företag. Det finns även stora skillnader mellan företag som startas och drivs av individer med olika akademiska utbildningsinriktningar. Civilekonomers och civilingenjörers företag skapar betydligt fler nya arbetstillfällen än juristers och medicinares företag. Samtidigt är bidraget från civilekonomers företag till nya arbetstillfällen cirka 20 procent högre än civilingenjörernas företag.Utöver sammanställningen av akademikerföretagens bidrag till nya arbetstillfällen och ekonomisk tillväxt presenterar vi också ett antal pedagogiska och användbara nyckeltal för att mäta den entreprenöriella avkastningen från investeringar i akademisk utbildning. Denna avkastning baseras på akademikerföretagens bidrag till nya arbetstillfällen och ekonomisk tillväxt i förhållande till statens kostnader för olika typer av akademiska utbildningar. I analysen finner vi att om myndigheterna satsar 10 000 kronor på en akademisk utbildning så har detta generellt sett en god entreprenöriell avkastning för samtliga utbildningsgrupper.Vi finner även att resultaten skiljer sig markant åt mellan olika akademiska utbildningar. Våra resultat visar att juristers och framförallt civilekonomers företag genererar betydligt fler nya arbetstillfällen per statlig utbildningskrona jämfört med civilingenjörers och läkares/ tandläkares företag, framförallt eftersom kostnaden för att utbilda de senare grupperna är så pass mycket högre. Skillnaderna i entreprenöriell avkastning mellan de olika akademiska utbildningsgrupperna i termer av löneutbetalningar och skatteintäkter baserat på företagens omsättning är mycket snarlika de skillnader som vi finner för nya arbetstillfällen.För att driva på tillväxten och den industriella utvecklingen i ekonomin behöver Sverige individer och företag som kan omsätta teknologi och ny kunskap till produkter och tjänster. Förhoppningen är att rapporten skall bidra till den fortsatta debatten kring hur akademiker bidrar till den samhällsekonomiska utvecklingen genom involvering i kunskapsintensivt företagande och entreprenörskap.
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| 4. |
- Ahlin, Lina, et al.
(författare)
-
Akademiskt entreprenörskap ger samhällsekonomisk vinst: Entreprenörskap och företagande bland akademiker under perioden 2004–2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport analyseras samhällseffekter av satsningar på akademisk utbildning genom att se på hur akademikers involvering i kunskapsintensivt företagande under perioden 2004-2009 bidrar till nya arbetstillfällen och ekonomisk tillväxt. I rapporten fokuseras särskilt fyra huvudsakliga grupper av akademiker: civilekonomer, civilingenjörer, jurister samt läkare/ tandläkare (medicinare). Rapporten är författad av Lina Ahlin; verksam vid CIRCLE och Nationalekonomiska institutionen/Lunds Universitet, Jonas Gabrielsson; verksam vid CIRCLE/Lunds Universitet och Sektionen för Ekonomi och Teknik/Högskolan i Halmstad, samt Karl Wennberg; verksam vid Centrum för Entreprenörskap och Affärsskapande/ Handelshögskolan i Stockholm och Ratio - Näringslivets Forskningsinstitut.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Anderson, Brian S., et al.
(författare)
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Editorial: Enhancing quantitative theory-testing entrepreneurship research
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Venturing. - : ELSEVIER. - 0883-9026 .- 1873-2003. ; 34:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this editorial is to discuss methodological advancements to enhance quantitative theory-testing entrepreneurship research. As the impact of entrepreneurship scholarship accelerates and deepens, our methods must keep pace to continue shaping theory, policy, and practice. Like our sister fields in business, entrepreneurship is coming to terms with the replication and credibility crisis in the social sciences, forcing the field to revisit commonly-held assumptions that limit the promise and prospect of our scholarship. Thus, we provide suggestions for reviewers and editors to identify concerns in empirical work, and to guide authors in improving their analyses and research designs. We hope that our editorial provides useful and actionable guidance for entrepreneurship researchers submitting theory-testing papers to Journal of Business Venturing.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Fredrik W, et al.
(författare)
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Seeking opportunity or socio-economic status? Housing and school choice in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Urban Studies. - : Sage Publications. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residential choices and school choices are intimately connected in school systems where school admission relies on proximity rules. In countries with universal school choice systems, however, it remains an open question whether families’ residential mobility is tied to the choice of their children’s school, and with what consequences. Using administrative data on all children approaching primary-school age in Sweden, we study to what extent families’ financial and socio-economic background affects mobility between neighbourhoods and the characteristics of schools chosen by moving families. Our findings show that families do utilise the housing market as an instrument for school choice over the year preceding their firstborn child starting school. However, while families who move do ‘climb the social ladder’ by moving to neighbourhoods with more households of higher socio-economic status, their chosen schools do not appear to be of higher academic quality compared to those their children would otherwise have attended.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Why do Male and Female CEOs exit? Firm Performance and Board Homophily
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corporate governance and strategy research investigates the effects of firm performance on the likelihood of CEO turnover, but has failed to considere potential gender differences in CEO turnover and how the board’s gender composition may affect this process. This paper investigates CEO exit among all medium- and large-sized firms in Sweden that are privately owned between 2005 and 2010. Controlling for a wide array of industry-level, firm-level, and individual-level variables, we find that CEOs are more likely to exit from firms that experience negative results or have a declining performance trend. For male CEOs it is the negative result that drives the exit; for female CEOs a negative performance trend increases the likelihood of exit. Consistent with homophily and token theories, the level of gender and age diversity of the board has a negative effect on the exit of female CEOs but is not associated with male CEO exit. It thus appears that female CEOs are less pressured to exit when their firm is experiencing low performance, but more likely to exit when the board is composed predominantly by men or of individuals that are similar in age. We discuss implications for research in strategy, corporate governance, and gender.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Jobbskapande och produktivitet i små kontra nya företag : Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research 2020 till John Haltiwanger
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska Föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 7:49, s. 5-15
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna artikel presenterar 2020 års pristagare av Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research – John Haltiwanger – och de bidrag han har gjort inom entreprenörskapsforskningen. Haltiwanger har bl a bidragit till att förbättra vår förståelse av hur jobb skapas och försvinner, kartlägga vilka faktorer som styr produktivitet samt analysera hur småföretag bidrar till den ekonomiska utvecklingen. Hans forskning har inspirerat såväl policydebatt som nationella statistikmyndigheter världen över.
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| 10. |
- Arnold, Melina, et al.
(författare)
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Overweight duration in older adults and cancer risk : a study of cohorts in Europe and the United States
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 31:9, s. 893-904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have shown that cancer risk related to overweight and obesity is mediated by time and might be better approximated by using life years lived with excess weight. In this study we aimed to assess the impact of overweight duration and intensity in older adults on the risk of developing different forms of cancer. Study participants from seven European and one US cohort study with two or more weight assessments during follow-up were included (n = 329,576). Trajectories of body mass index (BMI) across ages were estimated using a quadratic growth model; overweight duration (BMI ≥ 25) and cumulative weighted overweight years were calculated. In multivariate Cox models and random effects analyses, a longer duration of overweight was significantly associated with the incidence of obesity-related cancer [overall hazard ratio (HR) per 10-year increment: 1.36; 95 % CI 1.12-1.60], but also increased the risk of postmenopausal breast and colorectal cancer. Additionally accounting for the degree of overweight further increased the risk of obesity-related cancer. Risks associated with a longer overweight duration were higher in men than in women and were attenuated by smoking. For postmenopausal breast cancer, increased risks were confined to women who never used hormone therapy. Overall, 8.4 % of all obesity-related cancers could be attributed to overweight at any age. These findings provide further insights into the role of overweight duration in the etiology of cancer and indicate that weight control is relevant at all ages. This knowledge is vital for the development of effective and targeted cancer prevention strategies.
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| 11. |
- Arora-Jonsson, Stefan, Professor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the silver bullet : unveiling multiple pathways to school turnaround
- 2024
-
Ingår i: School Effectiveness and School Improvement. - : Routledge. - 0924-3453 .- 1744-5124.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on school improvement has accumulated an extensive list of factors that facilitate turnarounds at underperforming schools. Given that context or resource constraints may limit the possibilities of putting all of these factors in place, an important question is what is necessary and sufficient to turn a school around. We use qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) of 77 Swedish schools studied over 12 years to answer this question. Our core finding is that there is no "silver bullet" solution. Instead, there are several distinct combinations of factors that can enable school turnaround. The local school context is essential for which combinations of factors are necessary and sufficient for school turnaround. We discuss implications for research on school improvement and education policy.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Autio, Erkko, et al.
(författare)
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How culture molds the effects of self efficacy and fear of failure on entrepreneurship
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 1464-5114 .- 0898-5626. ; 25:9-10, s. 756-780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness study for 42 countries to investigate how the effects of individual's self-efficacy and of fear of failure on entrepreneurial entry are contingent on national cultural practices. Using multi-level methodology, we observe that the positive effect of self-efficacy on entry is moderated by the cultural practices of institutional collectivism and performance orientation. Conversely, the negative effect of fear of failure on entry is moderated by the cultural practices of institutional collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. We discuss the implications for theory and methodological development in culture and entrepreneurship.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Balachandran, Chanchal, et al.
(författare)
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From Hierarchies to Markets: Wage Inequality and Mobility into Entrepreneurship
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on organizational stratification and mobility concerns with individual mobility within and across established organization, while mobility into entrepreneurship has received much less attention. The present paper theorizes on the link between organizational wage inequality and mobility into entrepreneurship. In doing so, the paper makes an important distinction between wage inequality based on human capital variations (explained wage inequality) and that does not (residual wage inequality) while predicting implications for mobility into entrepreneurship. Empirical evidence obtained from Swedish business service sector confirms our prediction that while explained wage inequality constrains mobility into entrepreneurship, residual wage inequality facilitate the same.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Balachandran, Chanchal, et al.
(författare)
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National culture diversity in new venture boards : The role of founders' relational demography
- 2019
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Ingår i: Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1932-4391 .- 1932-443X. ; 13:3, s. 410-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research SummaryThis study explains the conditions under which new venture boards are less or more culturally diverse in terms of their directors' country of birth. Longitudinal data on 5,515 Swedish ventures suggest that most directors are recruited from founders' proximate social settings?neighborhoods in which they reside and past workplaces?and that diversity levels in these social settings strongly predict the national culture diversity in venture boards. Given the rapid internationalization of workplaces and regions around the world, this paper provides important clues regarding how culturally diverse upper echelons are being incorporated into the organizational design of new ventures.Managerial SummaryMost New Venture Boards exhibit limited diversity in terms of their directors' country of birth, as they are drawn from the venture founders' network. Yet, some new venture boards are indeed born diverse. Our study reveals that founders with prior exposure to culturally diverse workplaces and residential neighborhoods are much more likely to design a culturally diverse board at founding. Given the rapid internationalization of workplaces and regions in most countries around the world, our paper provides important clues regarding how national culture diversity in top management emerges and is being incorporated into the organizational design of new ventures.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Banitz, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of causation in social-ecological systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - : Resilience Alliance, Inc.. - 1708-3087. ; 27:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In social-ecological systems (SES), where social and ecological processes are intertwined, phenomena are usually complex and involve multiple interdependent causes. Figuring out causal relationships is thus challenging but needed to better understand and then affect or manage such systems. One important and widely used tool to identify and communicate causal relationships is visualization. Here, we present several common visualization types: diagrams of objects and arrows, X-Y plots, and X-Y-Z plots, and discuss them in view of the particular challenges of visualizing causation in complex systems such as SES. We use a simple demonstration model to create and compare exemplary visualizations and add more elaborate examples from the literature. This highlights implicit strengths and limitations of widely used visualization types and facilitates adequate choices when visualizing causation in SES. Thereupon, we recommend further suitable ways to account for complex causation, such as figures with multiple panels, or merging different visualization types in one figure. This provides caveats against oversimplifications. Yet, any single figure can rarely capture all relevant causal relationships in an SES. We therefore need to focus on specific questions, phenomena, or subsystems, and often also on specific causes and effects that shall be visualized. Our recommendations allow for selecting and combining visualizations such that they complement each other, support comprehensive understanding, and do justice to the existing complexity in SES. This lets visualizations realize their potential and play an important role in identifying and communicating causation.
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| 20. |
- Bank, Natasha, 1983-
(författare)
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Sustainability-Oriented Business Incubators
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the attraction, selection, and support in sustainability-oriented business incubators. Business incubators as hatcheries for start-ups are considered key tools to enhance job creation and strengthen regional economies. While the world population grows and consumption of natural resources increases, the ecosystem services decline. If these issues are not properly addressed, the economic, social, and environmental pressures that are growing in our societies will lead to disasters and threats to humankind. Green incubators can implement sustainability thinking and the related principles in the start-up community right from the beginning, and hence play a significant role in reorienting start-up businesses towards sustainability.This study shows the importance of making business incubators better known to their potential clients in order to increase visibility and attract more green tenants. The sustainability-oriented business incubators (SOBI), to have a better selection of tenants, need to attract more sustainable entrepreneurs in the first place. Moreover, the selection criteria affect the in-house atmosphere of the incubator, which in turn affects the attraction of more like-minded tenants to the incubator. In addition, word of mouth through partners and referrals by successfully graduated tenants, as well as expert management teams including coaches and consultants and their related networks and mediations, exert more influence on the attraction. In other words, the attraction is dependent both on the selection criteria and the support given to the tenants. To attract proper tenants, a rich local environment, regional and inter-regional collaboration, a well-planned, well-structured pre-incubation process, and credibility of incubators with managerial sustainability expertise and well-established networks are also essential.When it comes to the selection processes, different factors affect the selection criteria, including business incubators’ goal and agenda such as job creation, diversification of the local economy, utilization of vacant property, commercialization of research, investment as well as owner and sponsors (including public and private), physical characters such as age, size, and occupancy rates. Furthermore, incubators might have different selection strategies such as rigorous-vs-flexible as well as entrepreneur-vs-idea priorities. The initial ambition of SOBIs is to select business ideas that are primarily geared towards sustainability. However, the empirical data has shown that it is not always achievable to attract a sufficient number of green tenants to meet those criteria. The challenges, for example, could be due to economic cycles, specialization, and high-bar (i.e., eligibility) criteria, location limits, lack of sustainable-minded entrepreneurs, and the like.In recent years, increased awareness about sustainability issues and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as well as signals from green financiers, business owners, and other stakeholders, have forced many incubators to adjust their selection criteria to match sustainability requirements. However, empirical results show that the support given to tenants in green incubators has not been different from conventional ones. But more recently (especially during the past two-three years), institutional forces and the need for more legitimacy have led more and more incubators (even conventional ones) to change their mindset and provide more support towards sustainable business ideas. The conclusions of this study imply that business incubators need to strive for making sustainable entrepreneurs, not selecting them. In order to provide comprehensive sustainability-oriented support, SOBIs need to recruit sustainability experts and educate management teams as well as their tenants about sustainability issues.
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| 21. |
- Barkley, Michael P., et al.
(författare)
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Can a "state of the art" chemistry transport model simulate Amazonian tropospheric chemistry?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 2156-2202. ; 116, s. 16302-16302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an evaluation of a nested high-resolution Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem chemistry transport model simulation of tropospheric chemistry over tropical South America. The model has been constrained with two isoprene emission inventories: (1) the canopy-scale Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) and (2) a leaf-scale algorithm coupled to the Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS) dynamic vegetation model, and the model has been run using two different chemical mechanisms that contain alternative treatments of isoprene photo-oxidation. Large differences of up to 100 Tg C yr (1) exist between the isoprene emissions predicted by each inventory, with MEGAN emissions generally higher. Based on our simulations we estimate that tropical South America (30-85 degrees W, 14 degrees N-25 degrees S) contributes about 15-35% of total global isoprene emissions. We have quantified the model sensitivity to changes in isoprene emissions, chemistry, boundary layer mixing, and soil NOx emissions using ground-based and airborne observations. We find GEOS-Chem has difficulty reproducing several observed chemical species; typically hydroxyl concentrations are underestimated, whilst mixing ratios of isoprene and its oxidation products are overestimated. The magnitude of model formaldehyde (HCHO) columns are most sensitive to the choice of chemical mechanism and isoprene emission inventory. We find GEOS-Chem exhibits a significant positive bias (10-100%) when compared with HCHO columns from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) for the study year 2006. Simulations that use the more detailed chemical mechanism and/or lowest isoprene emissions provide the best agreement to the satellite data, since they result in lower-HCHO columns.
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| 22. |
- Batbaatar, Maral, et al.
(författare)
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The state of the entrepreneurial state : Empirical evidence of mission-led innovation projects around the globe
- 2024
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Ingår i: Moonshots and the new industrial policy. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031491955 - 9783031491986 - 9783031491962 ; , s. 125-143
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter reviews theoretical rationales for mission-oriented innovation policy and provides an empirical overview of extant 28 papers and 49 cases on the topic. We synthetize varieties of mission formulations, actors involved, and characteristics of missions described as more or less failed or successful. Fifty-nine percent of the studied missions are still ongoing, 33 percent are considered successful, and 8 percent as failures. Sixty-seven percent of the studied missions have taken place in Europe, 24 percent in North America, and 8 percent in Asia. The majority of innovation projects referred to as missions do not fulfill the criteria defined by the OECD. Results suggest that missions related to technological or agricultural innovations are more often successful than broader types of missions aimed at social or ecological challenges. Challenges regarding the governance and evaluation of missions remain unresolved in the literature. We find no case that contains a cost-benefit analysis or takes opportunity cost into account.
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| 23. |
- Batjargal, Bat, et al.
(författare)
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Crises, Covid-19, and Entrepreneurship
- 2023
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1540-6520 .- 1042-2587. ; 47:3, s. 651-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This virtual special issue includes research on the effects of crises, in particular the COVID-19 pandemic, on entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial responses to deal with consequences of crises. This issue highlights how crises affect entrepreneurs’ well-being and reinforce the importance of agency of entrepreneurs and other citizens. The special issue also highlights the need for resilience; the ability of entrepreneurs, organizations, and economies to absorb and adapt to shocks; and how it can be strengthened. We discuss the importance of data in times of crisis and the greater need for engaged scholarship.
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| 24. |
- Baù, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
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Succession in Family Firms
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Landscape of Family Business. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781782547532 ; , s. 167-197
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The process of succession in family firms is often both lengthy and complex, and is influenced by factors such as the personal goals of the owner-manager, family structure, ability and ambitions of potential successors, and legal and financial issues (Le BretonMiller, Miller, & Steier, 2004). Scholars of family business tend to emphasize what determines successful ownership and management succession involving family members and non-family stakeholders, alongside the general characteristics of effective succession (Handler, 1994; Le Breton-Miller et al., 2004; Sharma, Chrisman, & Chua, 2003a). A majority of privately held firms in many developed countries are likely to shift ownership as the owners approach retirement. Thus, from a public policy perspective, there is a need to study the conditions surrounding successful succession of family firms and the implications of these successions in the socio-economic context. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the scholarly literature on ownership transition and management succession in family firms. We found that most of the literature on succession is conceptual or relies on a small number of cases and/or surveys based on convenience samples. For instance, 71 percent of the work published since the mid-1970s consists of descriptive investigations based on aggregated data or micro studies of firm succession based on small samples or a small number of illustrative cases. We see a need for more studies about the effects of succession on long-term development in privately held firms and how succession affects economic outcomes at different levels of analysis (Yu, Lumpkin, Sorenson, & Brigham, 2012).* We conducted a literature review based upon a cluster analysis that identifies four levels of analysis that dominate the current literature on succession. These levels are important for understanding transition processes and allow us to identify three main areas that offer particular interesting avenues for future research. First, succession involves, among other things, the goals and options of several actors: The individual owners and managers, the family members, the economic environment, and the potential successors, to varying degrees, who may influence the transition process. We discuss this multilevel perspective within the context of the conceptual literature. Although it is adopted in some qualitative studies, multilevel quantitative research is generally scarce. Because succession is an inherently multilevel phenomenon, we argue that empirical research must also adopt a multilevel perspective. Second, we note that succession research focuses primarily on management transitions. In contrast, ownership transfer has received much less attention. For many small- and medium-sized enterprises (including family businesses), these two transitions go hand in hand (Handler, 1994).1 Yet, there are reasons to single out and more closely examine ownership transition that involves not only financial issues and asset valuation, but also emotional issues such as perceived fairness among involved actors, which may represent the most critical part of a succession. Third, our review shows that suitable analytical techniques and representative sampling methods are lacking. There is an increased need for generalizable empirical evidence that can be used to test the limits and boundary conditions of different theoretical models, and to generate insights for owners, managers, and policy-makers. The chapter is organized as follows. In section two, we describe the methodology. Section three reviews the extant research and discusses a selection of articles represented within the categories identified in the cluster analysis. Section four uses these insights to highlight some avenues for future research that would help to fill some of the research gaps identified by our review and analysis. We highlight areas worthy of future inquiry and discuss some of the methodological issues that need to be addressed to further the research in this area. Section five provides a brief conclusion.
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| 25. |
- Baumann, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome in a prospective phase II trial of medically inoperable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 1527-7755 .- 0732-183X. ; 27:20, s. 3290-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The impact of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on 3-year progression-free survival of medically inoperable patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was analyzed in a prospective phase II study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with T1NOMO (70%) and T2N0M0 (30%) were included between August 2003 and September 2005 at seven different centers in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark and observed up to 36 months. SBRT was delivered with 15 Gy times three at the 67% isodose of the planning target volume. RESULTS: Progression-free survival at 3 years was 52%. Overall- and cancer-specific survival at 1, 2, and 3 years was 86%, 65%, 60%, and 93%, 88%, 88%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between patients with T1 or T2 tumors. At a median follow-up of 35 months (range, 4 to 47 months), 27 patients (47%) were deceased, seven as a result of lung cancer and 20 as a result of concurrent disease. Kaplan-Meier estimated local control at 3 years was 92%. Local relapse was observed in four patients (7%). Regional relapse was observed in three patients (5%). Nine patients (16%) developed distant metastases. The estimated risk of all failure (local, regional, or distant metastases) was increased in patients with T2 (41%) compared with those with T1 (18%) tumors (P = .027). CONCLUSION: With a 3-year local tumor control rate higher than 90% with limited toxicity, SBRT emerges as state-of-the-art treatment for medically inoperable stage I NSCLC and may even challenge surgery in operable instances.
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