| 1. |
- Hagenbjörk-Gustafsson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of personal exposure to some carcinogenic substances and nitrogen dioxide among the general population in five Swedish cities
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 24:4, s. 437-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental levels of airborne carcinogenic and related substances are comparatively better known than individual exposure and its determinants. We report on a personal monitoring program involving five Swedish urban populations. The aim of the program was to investigate personal exposure to benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The measurements were performed among 40 inhabitants during seven consecutive days, in one urban area each year, during 2000-2008. The estimated population exposure levels were 1.95 mu g/m(3) for benzene, 0.56 mu g/m(3) for 1,3-butadiene, 19.4 mu g/m(3) for formaldehyde, and 14.1,mu g/m(3) for NO2. Statistical analysis using a mixed-effects model revealed that time spent in traffic and time outdoors contributed to benzene and 1,3- butadiene exposure. For benzene, refueling a car was an additional determinant influencing the exposure level. Smoking or environmental tobacco smoke were significant determinants of exposure to NO2, benzene, and 1, 3-butadiene. Those with a gas stove had higher NO2 exposure. Living in a single-family house increased the exposure to formaldehyde significantly. In a variance component model, the between-subject variance dominated for 1,3-butadiene and formaldehyde, whereas the between-city variance dominated for NO2. For benzene, the between-subject and between-cities variances were similar.
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| 2. |
- Alhamdow, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
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DNA-methylation of the cancer-related genes F2RL3 and AHRR is associated with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- 2018
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press. - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 39:7, s. 869-878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known carcinogens and workplace PAH exposure may increase the risk of cancer. Monitoring early cancer-related changes can indicate whether the exposure is carcinogenic. Here, we enrolled 151 chimney sweeps, 152 controls, and 19 creosote-exposed male workers from Sweden. We measured urinary PAH metabolites using LC/MS/MS, the cancer-related markers telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) using qPCR, and DNA methylation of lung cancer-related genes F2RL3 and AHRR using pyrosequencing. The median 1-hydroxypyrene (PAH metabolite) concentrations were highest in creosote-exposed workers (8.0 μg/g creatinine) followed by chimney sweeps (0.34 μg/g creatinine) and controls (0.05 μg/g creatinine). TL and mtDNAcn did not differ between study groups. Chimney sweeps and creosote-exposed workers had significantly lower methylation of AHRR CpG site cg05575921 (88.1% and 84.9%, respectively) than controls (90%). Creosote-exposed workers (73.3%), but not chimney sweeps (76.6%) had lower methylation of F2RL3 cg03636183 than controls (76.7%). Linear regression analyses showed that chimney sweeps had lower AHRR cg05575921 methylation (B=-2.04; P<0.057, adjusted for smoking and age) and lower average AHRR methylation (B=-2.05; P<0.035), and non-smoking chimney sweeps had lower average F2RL3 methylation (B=-0.81; P<0.042, adjusted for age) compared with controls. These cancer-related markers were not associated with urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites. In conclusion, although we found no associations with PAH metabolites in urine (short-term exposure), our results suggest dose-response relationship between PAH exposure and DNA hypomethylation of lung cancer-related loci. These findings indicate that further protective measures should be taken to reduce PAH exposure.
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| 3. |
- Landberg, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison and Evaluation of Multiple Users' Usage of the Exposure and Risk Tool : Stoffenmanager 5.1
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 59:7, s. 821-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stoffenmanager is an exposure and risk assessment tool that has a control banding part, with risk bands as outcome and a quantitative exposure assessment part, with the 90th percentile of the predicted exposure as a default outcome. The main aim of the study was to investigate whether multiple users of Stoffenmanager came to the same result when modelling the same scenarios. Other aims were to investigate the differences between outcomes of the control banding part with the measured risk quota and to evaluate the conservatism of the tool by testing whether the 90th percentiles are above the measured median exposures. We investigated airborne exposures at companies in four different types of industry: wood, printing, metal foundry, and spray painting. Three scenarios were modelled and measured, when possible, at each company. When modelled, 13 users visited each company on the same occasion creating individual assessments. Consensus assessments were also modelled for each scenario by six occupational hygienists. The multiple users' outcomes were often spread over two risk bands in the control banding part, and the differences in the quantitative exposure outcomes for the highest and lowest assessments per scenario varied between a factor 2 and 100. Four parameters were difficult for the users to assess and had a large impact on the outcome: type of task, breathing zone, personal protection, and control measures. Only two scenarios had a higher measured risk quota than predicted by the control banding part, also two scenarios had slightly higher measured median exposure value than modelled consensus in the quantitative exposure assessment part. Hence, the variability between users was large but the model performed well.
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| 4. |
- Landberg, Hanna E, et al.
(författare)
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A Study of the Validity of Two Exposure Assessment Tools : Stoffenmanager and the Advanced REACH Tool
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of Work Exposures and Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 2398-7308 .- 2398-7316. ; 61:5, s. 575-588
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of exposure modelling tools for estimating chemical airborne exposure has increased since the European Union's REACH legislation for safe use of industrial chemicals came into force. Two tools that European Chemicals Agency recommends are Stoffenmanager® and the Advanced REACH Tool (ART). The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of these two exposure modelling tools by comparing the lack of agreement between estimated and measured exposure. We examined the airborne chemical exposure at companies in seven different types of industries: wood, printing, foundry, spray painting, flour milling, chemical industry, and plastic moulding industry. The inhalable exposure of liquids or powders at two to three situations at each company was modelled with both tools and measured. To study the validity of the tools, the mean differences and precisions (lack of agreement) of exposures from both situations handling liquids and powders were calculated by using the 50th percentile outcome of the tools and the geometric mean of the measured exposure (all data were ln transformed). For Stoffenmanager, the mean difference and precision of the situations concerning liquids were 0.22 ± 1.0 and for powders -0.024 ± 0.66. It was also shown that Stoffenmanager overestimated low exposures and underestimated high exposures. Stoffenmanager showed higher agreement with the measured exposure in the wood and flour mill industries than in foundry and the plastic moulding industry. For ART, the mean difference and precision of liquids were -0.55 ± 0.88 and for powders -1.4 ± 1.6. ART showed lower agreement with the measured exposure in the wood industry.
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| 5. |
- Landberg, Hanna E., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of risk assessment approaches of occupational chemical exposures based on models in comparison with measurements
- 2018
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 109, s. 412-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk assessments of chemicals in work places are needed to protect workers' health and safety. Several different strategies can be used for conducting risk assessments. The aim of this study was to investigate approaches to risk assessment of chemicals based on exposure assessment models relative to occupational exposure limits values (OELs) and derived no-effect levels (DNELs) and in comparison with measurements relative to OELs. A second aim was to evaluate the modelled recommended outcome and compare it with measurements of exposure. In this study, 29 situations were assessed with ECETOC TRA, Stoffenmanager (R) 5.1 and ART. Personal exposure measurements were also performed. The percentage of measured exposure exceeding the recommended output was calculated to investigate the level of conservatism. All the modelled exposures were compared with OELs and DNELs where possible, and the GM of the measured exposure was compared with OELs (risk quotas). For ECETOC TRA, 31% of measured exposure exceeded modelled exposure. For Stoffenmanager (R) it was 17% and for ART and ART B it was 3% and 0% respectively. Hence, according to our data, ECETOC TRA is the least conservative. An investigation of the risk quotas showed that ECETOC TRA had 4 false safe situations, meaning the risk was low when the model was used but was high when measurements were used. This may lead to underestimating risks. All models had an elevated proportion, ECETOC TRA and ART the highest, of false unsafe situations meaning the risk was low when measurements were used but high when models were used.
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| 6. |
- Landberg, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Risk Assessment Approach of the REACH Legislation : A Case Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Work Exposures and Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 2398-7308 .- 2398-7316. ; 63:1, s. 68-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk assessments based on occupational exposure to chemicals have increased since REACH (European regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and restriction of Chemicals) came into force. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) recommends that chemical exposure could be calculated using exposure models and that parameters used to calculate the exposure scenario (ES) should be communicated in extended safety data sheets (e-SDS) as workplace instructions which downstream users are obligated to follow. We aimed to evaluate REACH's risk assessment approach using the Stoffenmanager((R)) 6.1, the Advanced REACH Tool 1.5 (ART), and the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals' targeted risk assessment (ECETOC TRA 3.1) exposure models. We observed 239 scenarios in three companies handling chemicals using 45 e-SDS. Risk characterization ratios (RCRs) were calculated by dividing estimated exposures by derived no-effect levels (DNELs). Observed RCRs were much lower than registered RCRs, indicating lower exposures. However, about 12% of the observed ES still had RCRs > 1, after adjustment for control measures and personal protections described in the ES, when using Stoffenmanager((R)). The ES with observed RCRs > 1 were the same by Stoffenmanager((R)) and ART, but not by ECETOC TRA. Stoffenmanager and ART identified 25 adjusted scenarios with RCR > 1, while ECETOC TRA gave RCR < 1 for the same scenarios. The ES with RCR > 1 were significantly associated to chemicals with higher vapour pressure and lower DNELs than ES with RCR < 1 by Stoffenmanager((R)). The correlations between observed and registered RCRs were lower than those between RCRs calculated from the different models themselves; ECETOC TRA had the lowest correlation with the registered ES. These results put in question the generic ES recommended under the REACH legislation. Downstream users may get better estimates by assessing their own ES, especially for chemicals with low DNELs and high vapour pressure.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Löfstedt, Håkan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory and Ocular Symptoms Among Employees at Swedish Indoor Swimming Pools
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 58:12, s. 1190-1195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study investigated trichloramine exposure and prevalence of respiratory and ocular symptoms among Swedish indoor swimming pool workers.Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to pool workers and referents. Lung function and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured before and after work. Exposure to trichloramine and trihalomethanes was measured over work shifts.Results: The mean personal trichloramine exposure was 36g/m(3). Significantly more exposed workers reported ocular and nasal symptoms. There were significant differences between groups in FeNO change following work, with exposed showing increased FeNO, which grew when analyses included only nonsmokers.Conclusions: The findings indicate that indoor swimming pool environments may have irritating effects on mucous membranes. FeNO data also indicate an inflammatory effect on central airways, but the clinical relevance is unclear. Low trichloramine levels found in this study were not associated with health effects.
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| 9. |
- Månsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 Across Professions - Infection, Hospitalisation, and ICU Patterns in a Swedish County
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study infection, hospitalisation, and admission to ICU for COVID-19 in different occupations and pandemic waves in a Swedish county.METHODS: Individual registry data of infection and hospitalisation were merged with occupational data in, this cross-sectional study. Infected, hospital- and ICU-admission were analysed by occupational groups.RESULTS: 22,095 cases of COVID-19 from 21 February 2021 to 31 August 2022 were identified. Healthcare workers and others working in close physical proximity showed a higher rate of confirmed COVID-19 infections in all waves and higher risk for hospital admission early in the pandemic. Exposure to diseases and physical proximity played a decisive role.CONCLUSION: Workers in close-contact occupations experienced a higher rate of confirmed infections throughout the pandemic and higher hospitalisation rates in the first pandemic wave, suggesting a need for more effective initial safety measures in a future pandemic.
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| 10. |
- Westberg, G, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of prognosis by echocardiography in patients with midgut carcinoid syndrome.
- 2001
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 88:6, s. 865-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between malignant midgut carcinoid tumours and right-sided cardiac lesions is well known, but the pathogenetic link between tumour secretion and valvular disease is still obscure. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the morphological and functional changes of valvular heart disease in a large patient series and to correlate these findings with hormonal secretion and prognosis.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Westerlund, Jessica, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational exposure to trichloramine and trihalomethanes : adverse health effects among personnel in habilitation and rehabilitation swimming pools
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 16:1, s. 78-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personnel in swimming pool facilities typically experience ocular, nasal, and respiratory symptoms due to water chlorination and consequent exposure to disinfection by-products in the air. The aim of the study was to investigate exposure to trichloramine and trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) from the perspective of adverse health effects on the personnel at Swedish habilitation and rehabilitation swimming pools. The study included ten habilitation and rehabilitation swimming pool facilities in nine Swedish cities. The study population comprised 24 exposed swimming pool workers and 50 unexposed office workers. Personal and stationary measurements of trichloramine and trihalomethanes in air were performed at all the facilities. Questionnaires were distributed to exposed workers and referents. Spirometry, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. Personal and stationary measurements yielded trichloramine levels of 1-76 µg/m3 (average: 19 µg/m3) and 1-140 µg/m3 (average: 23 µg/m3), respectively. A slightly higher, but not significant, prevalence of reported eye- and throat-related symptoms occurred among the exposed workers than among the referents. A significantly increased risk of at least one ocular symptom was attributed to trichloramine exposure above the median (20 µg/m3). Lung function (FVC and FEV1) was in the normal range according to the Swedish reference materials, and no significant change in lung function before and after shift could be established between the groups. Average FENO values were in the normal range in both groups, but the difference in the values between the exposed workers and referents showed a significant increase after shift. Hourly registered PEF values during the day of the investigation did not show any unusual individual variability. In conclusion, the increased risk of developing at least one ocular symptom at personal trichloramine concentrations over 20 µg/m3 combined with an increase in the difference in FENO during the work shift of the exposed workers should not be neglected as an increased risk of respiratory inflammation in the habilitation and rehabilitation swimming pool environment.
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| 14. |
- Westerlund, Jessica, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Exposure to Trichloramine and Trihalomethanes in Swedish Indoor Swimming Pools : Evaluation of Personal and Stationary Monitoring
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press. - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 59:8, s. 1074-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Chlorination is a method commonly used to keep indoor swimming pool water free from pathogens. However, chlorination of swimming pools produces several potentially hazardous by-products as the chlorine reacts with nitrogen containing organic matter. Up till now, exposure assessments in indoor swimming pools have relied on stationary measurements at the poolside, used as a proxy for personal exposure. However, measurements at fixed locations are known to differ from personal exposure.Methods: Eight public swimming pool facilities in four Swedish cities were included in this survey. Personal and stationary sampling was performed during day or evening shift. Samplers were placed at different fixed positions around the pool facilities, at similar to 1.5 m above the floor level and 0-1 m from the poolside. In total, 52 personal and 110 stationary samples of trichloramine and 51 personal and 109 stationary samples of trihalomethanes, were collected.Results: The average concentration of trichloramine for personal sampling was 71 mu g m(-3), ranging from 1 to 240 mu g m(-3) and for stationary samples 179 mu g m(-3), ranging from 1 to 640 mu g m(-3). The air concentrations of chloroform were well below the occupational exposure limit (OEL). For the linear regression analysis and prediction of personal exposure to trichloramine from stationary sampling, only data from personal that spent > 50% of their workday in the pool area were included. The linear regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient (r (2)) of 0.693 and a significant regression coefficient beta of 0.621; (95% CI = 0.329-0.912, P = 0.001).Conclusion: The trichloramine exposure levels determined in this study were well below the recommended air concentration level of 500 mu g m(-3); a WHO reference value based on stationary sampling. Our regression data suggest a relation between personal exposure and area sampling of 1:2, implying an OEL of 250 mu g m(-3) based on personal sampling.
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| 15. |
- Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of liver metastases of carcinoid tumors.
- 1996
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Ingår i: World journal of surgery. - 0364-2313. ; 20:2, s. 196-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liver metastases imply a major problem in patients with carcinoid tumors. Patients with localized disease should always undergo resection for cure. Patients with distant metastatic disease can also undergo resection for potential cure or symptom palliation because of the slow growth rate of many carcinoid tumors. In patients with the midgut carcinoid syndrome and bilobar hepatic disease we have performed primary surgery to relieve such symptoms as intestinal obstruction and ischemia, followed by successive embolizations of the hepatic arteries to reduce functional tumor burden in the liver. For optimal palliation, all patients with residual tumor were treated by octreotide. In a consecutive series of 64 patients with the midgut carcinoid syndrome we thus attained a 5-year survival rate of 70%. Fourteen of the patients underwent intentionally curative surgery (e.g., primary surgery followed by liver surgery). Of these patients, none died from their tumor disease during the period of study. The value of adjunctive interferon therapy is currently under evaluation.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer incidence among Swedish pulp and paper mill workers: a cohort study of sulphate and sulphite mills.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 86:5, s. 529-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between various malignancies and work in the pulp and paper industry have been reported but mostly in analyses of mortality rather than incidence. We aimed to study cancer incidence by main mill pulping process, department and gender in a Swedish cohort of pulp and paper mill workers.The cohort (18,113 males and 2,292 females, enrolled from 1939 to 1999 with >1year of employment) was followed up for cancer incidence from 1958 to 2001. Information on the workers' department and employment was obtained from the mills' personnel files, and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using the Swedish population as reference.Overall cancer incidence, in total 2,488 cases, was not increased by work in any department. However, risks of pleural mesothelioma were increased among males employed in sulphate pulping (SIR, 8.38; 95% CI, 3.37-17) and maintenance (SIR, 6.35; 95% CI, 3.47-11), with no corresponding increase of lung cancer. Testicular cancer risks were increased among males employed in sulphate pulping (SIR, 4.14; 95% CI, 1.99-7.61) and sulphite pulping (SIR, 2.59; 95% CI, 0.95-5.64). Female paper production workers showed increased risk of skin tumours other than malignant melanoma (SIR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.18-6.02).Incidence of pleural mesothelioma was increased in the cohort, showing that asbestos exposure still has severe health consequences, and highlighting the exigency of strict asbestos regulations and elimination. Testicular cancer was increased among pulping department workers. Shift work and endocrine disruptors could be of interest in this context.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer mortality in a Swedish cohort of pulp and paper mill workers.
- 2010
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 83:2, s. 123-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study cancer mortality among Swedish pulp and paper mill workers by main mill pulping process and department, and to present the Swedish part of an international exposure measurements database. METHODS: A cohort of 18,163 male and 2,290 female workers at four sulfate and four sulfite mills, enrolled from 1939 to 1999, was followed up for mortality during 1952-2001. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) relative to the general Swedish population were calculated. RESULTS: There were 1,340 malignant cases out of 5,898 deaths. Total cancer mortality was not increased in either sulfate or sulfite mill workers, or by gender. Lung cancer mortality was increased among female workers (SMR 1.70, 95% CI 1.04-2.63), especially in paper production, but not among male workers (SMR 0.91, 95% CI 0.79-1.04). Exposure to wood dust and sulfur dioxide frequently exceeded occupational exposure limits. CONCLUSIONS: Female paper production workers had an increased mortality from lung cancer.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort mortality study of Swedish pulp and paper mill workers-nonmalignant diseases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 33:6, s. 470-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this study was to determine mortality among pulp and paper mill workers according to the main mill pulping process, department, and gender, particular reference being given to diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems.Methods The cohort of 18 163 men and 2 291 women employed between 1939 and 1999 and with >1 year of employment was followed for mortality from 1952 to 2001 (acute myocardial infarction from 1969). Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by comparing the observed number of deaths with the expected number for the entire Swedish population. Exposure was assessed from personnel files in the mills. Data from an exposure measurement database are also presented.Results There were 5898 deaths in the cohort. Total mortality had an SMR of 1.02 (95% CI 0.98–1.06) for the men in the sulfate mills and an SMR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.97) for the men in the sulfite mills. Mortality from acute myocardial infarction was increased among the men in both the sulfate and sulfite mills [SMR 1.22 (95% CI 1.12–1.32) and SMR 1.11 (95% CI 1.02–1.21), respectively] and by department in sulfate pulping (SMR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07–1.54), paper production (SMR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.49), and maintenance (SMR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.30). Mortality from cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and nonmalignant respiratory diseases was not increased.Conclusions Death from acute myocardial infarction, but not cerebrovascular diseases, was increased in this cohort and was probably related to a combination of different occupational exposures (eg, dust, sulfur compounds, shift work, and noise).
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Cancerframkallande ämnen i tätortsluft Lindesberg 2005/2006
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den allmänna befolkningens exponering för bensen, butadien, formaldehyd,kvävedioxid samt partiklar PM 2,5 i Lindesberg har studerats från oktober 2005till och med januari 2006. Totalt ingick 40 personer och 60 personburna mätningar(exponeringsmätningar) av olika cancerframkallande ämnen genomfördes isjudygnsperioder. Ökat intresse för de partikulära luftföroreningarnas betydelsevid bland annat hjärt-kärlsjuklighet innebar att mätningar av partiklar PM 2,5genomfördes stationärt i hemmen under 2 dygn. Parallellt med exponeringsmätningarnagenomfördes även bakgrundsmätningar av samtliga ämnen vidbyggnaden där Bergslagens Miljö- och Byggförvaltning är inhysta (Kungsgatan)och vid trafikerad gata på Räddningstjänstens tak (Kristinavägen) av samtligaämnen med mätperiod totalt uppgående till fem veckor. Liknande studier i störretätorter har tidigare genomförts i Göteborg, Umeå, Stockholm och Malmö.Resultaten från undersökningarna i Lindesberg kan sammanfattas i följande tabell:Lufthalter för olika ämnen i Lindesbergs kommun hösten 2005Ämne Personburna mätningar Bakgrundsmätningarμg/m³Kristinavägenμg/m³Kungsgatanμg/m³Bensen1,6 0,4 0,4Butadien0,5 0,04 0,05Formaldehyd27 3 2Kvävedioxid6 10 7Partiklar PM 2,59,3 9 9,7Vi har inte kunnat konstatera någon säkerställd påverkan på lufthalter av enskildamiljöfaktorer eller levnadsmönster. För enskilda individer sågs god korrelationmellan lufthalter vid olika mätomgångar. Skillnader i exponering kunde intekonstateras då rökvanor eller boendeform jämfördes, för pendlare sågs dockskillnader i bensen-, butadien- och kvävedioxidexponering.Korrelationen mellan exponeringsmätningar och bakgrundsmätningar var låg församtliga ämnen utom för bensen, motsvarande samvariation mellan olika ämnen ienskilt prov erhölls endast för bensen och butadien.De uppmätta lufthalterna av olika ämnen i Lindesbergs kommun är väl i nivå medde olika nationella och internationella rikt- och gränsvärden som finns antagna.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Cancerframkallande ämnen i tätortsluft Lindesberg 2010/2011
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom Naturvårdsverkets programområdeHälsorelaterad miljöövervakning(HÄMI), delprogramLuftförorening – exponeringsstudier ingår personburenmätning av vissa cancerframkallande och luftvägsirriterande ämnen i tätortsluft.De övriga orter som ingår i projektet är Göteborg, Umeå, Stockholm och Malmö.Lindesberg får här representera enmindre inlands kommun.Mätningarna genomförs för att försöka skatta allmänbefolkningens exponering förhälsoskadliga ämnen och samtliga orter har nu genomfört två mätomgångar frånstarten år 2000. De ämnen som ska mätas är bensen, butadien, formaldehyd,kvävedioxid, pratiklar PM 2,5 och benso(a)pyren.Lindesberg genomför inga egna mätningar av bakgrundshalter och vi har därföräven vid denna mätomgång valt ut samma två platser som vid föregående mätning.Räddningstjänstens tak (Kristinavägen) som representerar en trafikerad centralgata och Bergslagens Miljö- och Byggförvaltning (Kungsgatan). De uppmättalufthalterna är på samma låga nivåer som vid mätningen år 2005.Bakgrundhalterna i Lindesberg är i jämförelse med övriga orter lägre, vilket kännstroligt då det rör sig om en mindre tätort.För de personburna mätningarna är nivåerna lika med eller i vissa fall något högrejämfört med de övriga orterna. Det uppmättes några höga bensen- ochbutadienhalter med det beror på en yrkesmässig exponering.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating trends in quartz exposure in Swedish iron foundries : predicting past and present exposures
- 2012
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 56:3, s. 362-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Swedish foundries have a long tradition of legally required surveys in the work place that, from the late 1960s onwards, included measurements of quartz. The availability of exposure data spanning almost 40 years presents a unique opportunity to study trends over that time and to evaluate the validity of exposure models based on data from shorter time spans. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate long term trends in quartz exposure over time, (ii) using routinely collected quartz exposure measurements to develop a mathematical model that could predict both historical and current exposure patterns, and (iii) to validate this exposure model with up-to-date measurements from a targeted survey of the industry.Methods: Eleven foundries, representative of the Swedish iron foundry industry, were divided into three groups based on the size of the companies, i.e. the number of employees. A database containing 2333 quartz exposure measurements for 11 different job descriptionswas used to create three models that covered time periods which reflected different work conditions and production processes: a historical model (1968– 1989), a development model (1990–2004), and a validation model (2005–2006). A linear mixed model for repeated measurements was used to investigate trends over time. In all mixed models, time period, company size, and job title were included as fixed (categorical) determinants of exposure. The within- and between-worker variances were considered to be random effects. A linear regression analysis was erformed to investigate agreement between the models. The average exposure was estimated for each combination of job title and company size.Results: A large reduction in exposure (51%) was seen between 1968 and 1974 and between 1975 and 1979 (28%). In later periods, quartz exposure was reduced by 8% per 5 years at best. In the first period, employees at smaller companies experienced ~50%higher exposure levels than those at large companies, but these differences became much smaller in later years. The furnace and ladle repair job were associated with the highest exposure, with 3.9–8.0 times the average exposure compared to the lowest exposed group. Without adjusting for this autonomous trend over time, predicting early historical exposures using our development model resulted in a statistically significant regression coefficient of 2.42 (R2 5 0.81), indicating an underestimation of historical exposure levels. Similar patterns were seen for other historical time periods. Comparing our development model with our validation model resulted in a statistically significant regression coefficient of 0.31, indicating an overestimation of current exposure levels.Conclusion: To investigate long-term trends in quartz exposure over time, overall linear trends can be determined by using mixed model analysis. To create individual exposure measures to predict historical exposures, it is necessary to consider factors such as the time period, type of job, type of company, and company size. The mixed model analysis showed systematic changes in concentration levels, implying that extrapolation of exposure estimates outside the range of years covered by measurements may result in underestimation or overestimation of exposure.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure assessment and modeling of quartz in Swedish iron foundries for a nested case-control study on lung cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - Philadelphia : Taylor & Francis. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 9:2, s. 110-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure assessment of quartz in Swedish iron foundries was performed based on historical and present measurement data. To evaluate the exposure response relationship between quartz exposure and lung cancer, we modeled quartz exposure from our database of measurements using determinants job title, time period and company. Based on these modeled exposure data, we conducted a nested case– control evaluation.In our database, the overall individual daily time-weighted average (TWA) quartz concentrations of current and historical data varied between 0.0018 and 4.9 mg/m3, averaging 0.083 mg/m3. The job titles with mean TWAs for the whole study period exceeding the European Union recommended occupational exposure limit of 0.05 mg/m3 were fettlers (0.087 mg/m3), furnace and ladle repair (0.42 mg/m3) and maintenance (0.054 mg/m3) workers.The mixed model analysis demonstrated significant determinants on the job level for furnace and ladle repair (β=4.06; 95% CI 2.78-5.93). For all jobs significantly higher exposure levels occurred only during the first time period, 1968-1979 (β=2.08; 95% CI 1.75-2.47), and a decreasing but not significant trend was noted for the three following 10 year time periods up to 2006 (β=1.0, 0.96 and 1, respectively). Two iron foundries had significantly higher quartz concentration levels than the others (β=1.31; 95% CI 1.00-1.71 and β=1.63; 95% CI 1.00-2.65, respectively). The individual cumulative quartz exposure measures were categorized in low, medium and high exposure (0.5-<1, 1-1.9 and ≥2 mg/m3 *years, respectively).In the nested case-control analysis, we found the highest odds ratios of lung cancer (OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.53-2.55) for the medium exposure group. No dose– response trend or significantly increased risk was determined for our high exposed group (≥2 mg/m3), representing 40 years of exposure at >0.05 mg/m3 of quartz. To conclude, certain foundry workers are still exposed to high levels of quartz, but an increased risk of lung cancer caused by quartz exposure in these Swedish iron foundries could not be confirmed at our exposure levels.
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory and coagulatory markers and exposure to different size fractions of particle mass, number and surface area air concentrations in the Swedish hard metal industry, in particular to cobalt
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomarkers. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1354-750X .- 1366-5804. ; 26:6, s. 557-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To study the relationship between inhalation of airborne particles and cobalt in the Swedish hard metal industry and markers of inflammation and coagulation in blood.Methods: Personal sampling of inhalable cobalt and dust were performed for subjects in two Swedish hard metal plants. Stationary measurements were used to study concentrations of inhalable, respirable, and total dust and cobalt, PM10 and PM2.5, the particle surface area and the particle number concentrations. The inflammatory markers CC16, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, SAA and CRP, and the coagulatory markers FVIII, vWF, fibrinogen, PAI-1 and D-dimer were measured. A complete sampling was performed on the second or third day of a working week following a work-free weekend, and additional sampling was taken on the fourth or fifth day. The mixed model analysis was used, including covariates.Results: The average air concentration of inhalable dust and cobalt were 0.11 mg/m3 and 0.003 mg/m3, respectively. For some mass-based exposure measures of cobalt and total dust, statistically significant increased levels of FVIII, vWF and CC16 were found.Conclusions: The observed relationships between particle exposure and coagulatory biomarkers may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Quartz and dust exposure in Swedish iron foundries
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 6:1, s. 9-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to respirable quartz continues to be a major concern in the Swedish iron foundry industry. Recommendations for reducing the European occupational exposure limit (EU-OEL) to 0.05 mg/m3 and the corresponding ACGIH® threshold limit value (ACGIH-TLV) to 0.025 mg/m3 prompted this exposure survey. Occupational exposure to respirable dust and respirable quartz were determined in 11 Swedish iron foundries, representing different sizes of industrial operation and different manufacturing techniques. In total, 436 respirable dust and 435 respirable quartz exposure measurements associated with all job titles were carried out and are presented as time-weighted averages. Our sampling strategy enabled us to evaluate the use of respirators in certain jobs, thus determining actual exposure. In addition, measurements using real-time dust monitors were made for high exposure jobs. For respirable quartz, 23% of all the measurements exceeded the EU-OEL, and 56% exceeded the ACGIH-TLV. The overall geometric mean (GM) for the quartz levels was 0.028 mg/m3, ranging from 0.003 to 2.1 mg/m3. Fettler and furnace and ladle repair operatives were exposed to the highest levels of both respirable dust (GM = 0.69 and 1.2 mg/m3; range 0.076-31 and 0.25-9.3 mg/m3 and respirable quartz (GM = 0.041 and 0.052 mg/m3; range 0.004-2.1 and 0.0098-0.83 mg/m3. Fettlers often used respirators and their actual quartz exposure was lower (range 0.003-0.21 mg/m3, but in some cases it still exceeded the Swedish OEL (0.1 mg/m3. For furnace and ladle repair operatives, the actual quartz exposure did not exceed the OEL (range 0.003-0.08 mg/m3, but most respirators provided insufficient protection, i.e., factors less than 200. In summary, measurements in Swedish iron foundries revealed high exposures to respirable quartz, in particular for fettlers and furnace and ladle repair workers. The suggested EU-OEL and the ACGIH-TLV were exceeded in, respectively, 23% and 56% of all measurements regardless of the type of foundry. Further work on elimination techniques to reduce quartz concentrations, along with control of personal protection equipment, is essential.
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-
(författare)
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Quartz in Swedish iron foundries : exposure and cancer risk
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aims of the studies underlying this thesis were to assess the exposure to quartz in Swedish iron foundries and to determine the cancer morbidity for Swedish foundry workers. A cohort of 3,045 foundry workers and a final measurement database of 2,333 number of samples was established.The exposure measurements showed high levels of respirable quartz, in particular for fettlers and furnace and ladle repair workers with individual 8 hr TWA (GM=0.041 and 0.052 mg/m3; range 0.004-2.1 and 0.0098-0.83 mg/m3). In our database, the quartz concentrations as 8hr TWAs of current and historical data varied between 0.0018 and 4.9 mg/m3, averaging 0.083 mg/m3, with the highest exposures for fettlers (0.087 mg/m3) and furnace and ladle repair workers (0.42 mg/m3). The exposure for workers using respirators assuming full effect when used were assessed quantitatively, revealing workers with actual exposure exceeding the occupational exposure limits.Overall cancer morbidity was not increased, but the incidence of lung cancer was significantly elevated (SIR 1.61; 95 % CI 1.20-2.12). In the cohort study, significant associations between lung cancer and cumulative quartz exposure were detected for quartz doses of 1-2 mg/m3 * year (SIR 2.88; 95 % CI 1.44-5.16) and >2 mg/m3 * year (SIR 1.68; 95 % CI 1.07- 2.52). These findings were not confirmed in the case-control analysis.The agreement between the estimated exposure in our early historical model and the development model showed a regression coefficient of 2.42, implying an underestimation of the historical exposure when using the development model data. The corresponding comparison between the development and the validation model based on our survey data showed a B of 0.31, implying an overestimation of present exposures when using data from the validation model.The main conclusions of the thesis are that certain foundry workers are still exposed to high levels of quartz, and the overall excess lung cancer could not be confirmed in the exposure-response analysis.
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