| 1. |
- Arzpeyma, Niloofar, et al.
(författare)
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Mathematical Modeling of Scrap Melting in an EAF Using Electromagnetic Stirring
- 2013
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 53:1, s. 48-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerical modeling has been used to investigate the influence of electromagnetic stirring on melting of a single piece of scrap in an eccentric bottom tapping (EBT) electric arc furnace (EAF). The heat transfer and fluid flow in the melt for both conditions with and without electromagnetic stirring were studied. The buoyancy and electromagnetic forces were considered as the source terms for momentum transfer in the studied conditions. The enthalpy-porosity technique was applied to track the phase change of a scrap piece defined in the EBT region of the furnace. Different scrap sizes, preheating temperatures, stirring directions and force magnitudes were considered, and the heat transfer coefficient was estimated from the heat transfer rate at the melt-scrap interface. The results showed that electromagnetic stirring led to a reduced melting time and an increased heat transfer coefficient by a factor of four. The results for Nusselt number versus Grashof number for natural convection and Reynolds number for electromagnetic stirring were compared with those obtained through correlations from previous studies.
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| 2. |
- Ask, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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What about Quality?
- 2016
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Ingår i: NAFEMS Nordic Conference 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Fellinger, Joris, et al.
(författare)
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Tungsten based divertor development for Wendelstein 7-X
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nuclear Materials and Energy. - 2352-1791. ; 37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wendelstein 7-X, the world’s largest superconducting stellarator in Greifswald (Germany), started plasma experiments with a water-cooled plasma-facing wall in 2022, allowing for long pulse operation. In parallel, a project was launched in 2021 to develop a W based divertor, replacing the current CFC divertor, to demonstrate plasma performance of a stellarator with a reactor relevant plasma facing materials with low tritium retention. The project consists of two tasks: Based on experience from the previous experimental campaigns and improved physics modelling, the geometry of the plasma-facing surface of the divertor and baffles is optimized to prevent overloads and to improve exhaust. In parallel, the manufacturing technology for a W based target module is qualified. This paper gives a status update of project. It focusses on the conceptual design of a W based target module, the manufacturing technology and its qualification, which is conducted in the framework of the EUROfusion funded WPDIV program. A flat tile design in which a target module is made of a single target element is pursued. The technology must allow for moderate curvatures of the plasma-facing surface to follow the magnetic field lines. The target element is designed for steady state heat loads of 10 MW/m2 (as for the CFC divertor). Target modules of a similar size and weight as for the CFC divertor are assumed (approx. < 0.25 m2 and < 60 kg) using the existing water cooling infrastructure providing 5 l/s and roughly maximum 15 bar pressure drop per module. The main technology under qualification is based on a CuCrZr heat sink made either by additive manufacturing using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) or by uniaxial diffusion welding of pre-machined forged CuCrZr plates. After heat treatment, the plasma-facing side of the heat sink is covered by W or if feasible by the more ductile WNiFe, preferably by coating or alternatively by hot isostatic pressing W based tiles with a soft OFE-Cu interlayer. Last step is a final machining of the plasma-exposed surface and the interfaces to the water supply lines and supports to correct manufacturing deformations.
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| 4. |
- Lavesson, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of streamers in transformer oil using OpenFOAM
- 2014
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Ingår i: Compel. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0332-1649. ; 33:4, s. 1272-1281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – A model for streamers based on charge transport has been developed by MIT and ABB. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the consequences of changing numerical method from the finite element method (FEM) to the finite volume method (FVM) for simulations using the streamer model. The new solver is also used to extend the simulations to 3D. Design/methodology/approach – The equations from the MIT-ABB streamer model are implemented in OpenFOAM which uses the FVM. Checks of the results are performed including verification of convergence. The solver is then applied to some of the key simulations from the FEM model and results presented. Findings – The results for second mode streamers are confirmed, whereas the results for third mode streamers differ significantly leading to questioning of one hypothesis proposed based on the FEM results. The 3D simulations give consistent results and show a way forward for future simulations. Originality/value – The FVM has not been applied to the model before and led to more confidence in second mode result and revising of third mode results. In addition the new simulation method makes it possible to extend the results to 3D.
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| 5. |
- Song, Zhili
(författare)
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A Numerical Investigation on VOD Nozzle Jets
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The metallurgic process, Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization (VOD) process, is used for producing stainless steels with ultra-low carbon grades. In a VOD process, an oxygen lance is equipped with a De Laval nozzle which injects high speed oxygen gas. The aim of this work is to increase the knowledge of the flow behavior in the harsh environment of VOD vessels. Two real VOD nozzles from industry were numerically studied and compared at different temperatures and ambient pressures. Flow patterns of the oxygen jet under different ambient pressures were studied and the flow information at different positions from the nozzle was analyzed. In addition, the study compared the effects of different ambient temperatures on the jet velocity and the dynamic pressure. The predictions revealed that the modeling results obtained with the CFD modeling showed an incorrect flow expansion, which agreed well with the results from the De Laval theory. Moreover, a little under-expansion is somewhat helpful to improve the dynamic pressure. The jet dynamic pressure and its width for the specific nozzle geometry have also been studied. It has been observed that a variation in the ambient pressure can influence the jet momentum and its width. In addition, a high ambient temperature has a positive effect on the improvement of the jet dynamic pressure. For the comparison between the two nozzles concerned, the modeling results showed that one of the nozzles was more applicably proper for lower pressures, displaying a more stable flow pattern. Furthermore, it was found that a change in ambient pressure has a stronger effect on the jet force than a change in ambient temperature. In addition, it was proved that the profiles of the dynamic pressure at a certain blowing distance fit well to Multi-Gaussian curves.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Widlund, Ola
(författare)
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Modeling of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Conventional one-point turbulence closures have beenextended with an additional transported scalar for modeling ofmagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. The new scalar, α ,captures the length scale anisotropy and tendency towardstwo-dimensionality, which is characteristic feature of MHDturbulence, and allows accurate modeling of the Jouledissipation of turbulence. The concept has been used for both afull Reynolds stress closure, and a three-equationK-ε -αmodel. An exact transport equation forαwas derived from the governing equations. All terms inthe equation require modeling, however. The proposed modeltransport equation for α includes terms for magneticdissipation, nonlinear energy transfer, and effects of meanshear and strain. Modeling of the magnetic and strain-relatedterms was based on rapid distortion analysis of the linearizedequations, while modeling of nonlinear effects isphenomenological in nature. For homogeneous turbulence, themodel was compared with linear theory, direct numericalsimulations and experiments. For turbulence subjected to astrong magnetic field, the model reproduces the energy andlength scale evolution predicted by linear theory. Whennonlinear effects are of importance, it predicts energy decayand length scale evolution in agreement with experiments. Theeddy viscosity and Reynolds stress versions of the modelcoincide with the respective conventional models in the absenceof a magnetic field. The objective of this project has been todevelop efficient MHD turbulence models for engineeringapplications, especially for modeling of continuous steelcasting. The novel MHD turbulence models appear to benumerically robust, and they have been implemented in acommercial flow solver, together with electromagnetic equationsfor the Lorentz forces in the mean momentum equations.Keywords:Turbulence model, magnetohydrodynamics, MHD,magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, computational fluid dynamics,continuous casting, dimensionality, Reynolds stresses, eddyviscosity
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