| 1. |
- Alehagen, Siw, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Can women's cognitive appraisals be registered throughout childbirth?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 49:1, s. 31-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were: (a) to examine whether it was possible to measure women’s cognitive appraisals hourly during the whole process of labor and delivery, and (b) to explore how the appraisals varied during labor. Measurements from 12 nulliparous women are presented. The findings indicate that it is possible to study psychological appraisals directly, in detail and continuously during the process of labor and delivery. The women’s cognitive appraisals varied throughout labor both per individual woman and between the participating women.
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| 2. |
- Alehagen, Siw, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Catecholamine and cortisol reaction to childbirth
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 8:1, s. 50-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One way to study the stressfulness of childbirth is to examine the output of stress hormones. In this study, urinary catecholamines and salivary cortisol from 50 primiparous women were collected for 1 day during gestational weeks 37 to 39, hourly during labor and delivery, and 2 hr and 2 days postpartum. All three stress hormones increased statistically significantly from pregnancy to labor. The increase in adrenaline and cortisol was more than 500%, and the increase in noradrenaline was about 50%. After labor, the output decreased but not statistically significantly below the levels during late pregnancy. Hormone levels during late pregnancy, during labor and delivery, and during the period postpartum mostly did not correlate systematically. However, noradrenaline and adrenaline, as well as adrenaline and cortisol, were positively correlated during labor. After administration of epidural analgesia, there was a moderate but significant decrease in noradrenaline and adrenaline, whereas cortisol did not change. In conclusion, the results of this study support the assumption that childbirth is a very stressful event and that the stress responses vary considerably among women. The substantial increase of adrenaline and cortisol compared with noradrenaline indicates that mental stress is more dominant than physical stress during labor.
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| 3. |
- Alehagen, Siw, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Fear during labor
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 80:4, s. 315-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The aims of the present study were to compare primiparous and multiparous women’s experiences of fear of delivery during an early stage of active labor (cervix dilatation 3–5 centimeters) and to study whether fear of delivery, measured during the early stage of active labor, was a predictor of the amount of pain relief received during the remaining part of labor (cervix dilatation 5 cm – partus), of the duration of the remaining part of labor, and of the occurrence of instrumental vaginal delivery and emergency cesarean section.Method. Thirty-five primiparous and 39 multiparous women answered the Delivery Fear Scale (DFS) once during the early stage of labor and before they had received any pain relief.Results. Primiparous women reported higher levels of fear than multiparous women did. Fear during the first phase of labor predicted only the total amount of pain relief received during labor.Conclusion. The clinical implications of the study are that the delivery staff should consider women’s fear during labor and pay attention especially to primiparous women’s increased risk of higher levels of fear during an early stage of active labor, as compared with multiparous women’s. The challenge for staff of a delivery ward is to support the woman in labor in a way that decreases fear, which in turn might reduce the woman’s need of pain relief.
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| 4. |
- Alehagen, Siw, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Fear of childbirth before, during, and after childbirth
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 85:1, s. 56-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Only scanty research exists about the relationship between women's expectations during pregnancy and their experiences as reported during the actual process of labor and afterwards. The aims of the present study were: 1. to investigate the associations between fear of childbirth during pregnancy and postpartum and fear and pain during early active labor (phase 1: cervix dilatation 3–5 cm), and 2. to explore possible differences regarding fear of childbirth during pregnancy and postpartum between women who did or did not receive epidural analgesia during labor.Methods. Fear of childbirth was measured in 47 nulliparous women during gestation weeks 37–39 by means of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ version A). During early active labor we measured women's fear (Delivery Fear Scale) and their experiences of pain (a pain intensity scale). Finally, fear after childbirth (W-DEQ version B) was measured two hours, two days, and five weeks after delivery.Results. A positive correlation appeared between fear of childbirth during pregnancy, postpartum, and early active labor. There were no differences in fear of childbirth during late pregnancy between women who received epidural analgesia and those who did not. Postpartum fear was higher in the women who had received epidural analgesia.Conclusions. Pregnant women who fear childbirth are prone to report fear during the actual labor and postpartum. The administration of epidural analgesia is not a sufficient response to women's fear during the process of labor.
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| 5. |
- Alehagen, Siw, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Fear, pain and stress hormones during childbirth
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0167-482X .- 1743-8942. ; 26:3, s. 153-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. To investigate the course of fear, pain and stress hormones during labor, and the associations between fear, pain, stress hormones and duration of labor in nulliparous women with and without epidural analgesia (EDA).Method. One day during gestation weeks 37–39, urinary and salivary samples were collected to measure catecholamines and cortisol. Hourly during labor, the participants answered the Delivery Fear Scale and a pain intensity scale, and urinary and salivary samples were collected to measure stress hormones.Results. The course of fear, pain and stress hormones differed throughout labor in women with and without EDA. Pain and cortisol increased throughout labor in women without EDA. Women who received EDA had more fear, but not more pain, before the administration of the EDA than women who did not receive EDA. Pain, fear and catecholamines decreased when women received EDA, but fear and pain increased again later in labor. Fear and pain correlated, as well as levels of fear in the different phases of labor. During phase one of labor epinephrine and duration of the phase were negatively correlated.Conclusion. The course of fear, pain and concentrations of stress hormones differed, highly influenced by the administration of EDA. Fear and pain correlated more pronounced than stress hormones and fear, pain and duration of labor.
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| 6. |
- Sluijs, Anne-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Preferred and actual mode of delivery in relation to fear of childbirth
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0167-482X .- 1743-8942. ; 41:4, s. 266-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the interrelation between preferred/actual mode of delivery and pre- and postpartum fear of childbirth (FOC). Material and methods: Participants from 13 midwifery practices and four hospitals in Southwest Netherlands filled out questionnaires at 30 weeks gestation (n = 561) and two months postpartum (n = 463), including questions on preferred mode of delivery, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Results were related to obstetric data. Results: Both severe FOC (OR 7.0, p amp;lt; .001) and previous Cesarean section (CS) (OR 16.6, p amp;lt; .001) predicted preference for CS. Severe prepartum FOC also predicted actual CS. Preferring a vaginal delivery (VD) and actually having a CS predicted higher postpartum W-DEQ scores (partial r = 0.107, p amp;lt; .05). Other significant predictors for high postpartum W-DEQ scores were high prepartum W-DEQ (partial r = 0.357) and HADS anxiety scores (partial r = 0.143) and the newborn in need of medical assistance (partial r = -0.169). Conclusions: Women preferring a VD but ending up with a CS are at risk for severe FOC postpartum, while the same risk was not demonstrated for women who preferred a CS but had a VD. Prepartum FOC is strongly associated with postpartum FOC, regardless of congruence between preferred and actual mode of delivery.
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| 7. |
- Söderquist, Johan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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The longitudinal course of post-traumatic stress after childbirth
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0167-482X .- 1743-8942. ; 27:2, s. 113-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-traumatic stress was assessed in early and late pregnancy, and 1, 4, 7, and 11 months postpartum by means of questionnaires among 1224 women. Thirty-seven women (3%) had post-traumatic stress (meeting criteria B, C, and D for PTSD) at least once within 1–11 months postpartum. In pregnancy, depression, severe fear of childbirth, ‘pre’-traumatic stress, previous counseling related to pregnancy/childbirth, and self-reported previous psychological problems were associated with an increased risk of having post-traumatic stress within 1–11 months postpartum. Sum-scores of post-traumatic stress did not decrease over time among women who at least once had post-traumatic stress (criteria B, C, and D) within 1–11 months postpartum. Women with post-traumatic stress also showed a decrease in perceived social support over time postpartum.
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| 8. |
- Söderquist, Johan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Traumatic stress after childbirth : the role of obstetric variables
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0167-482X .- 1743-8942. ; 23:1, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a sample of 1550 recently delivered women, traumatic stress after childbirth was studied in relation to obstetric variables.A post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom profile and traumatic stress symptoms were assessed by means of the Traumatic Event Scale (TES) Obstetric data comprised delivery mode, duration of the second stage of labor (the time from cervical dilation of 10 cm to partus) and the use of analgesia/anesthesia.Traumatic stress symptoms and having a PTSD symptom profile were both significantly related to the experience of an emergency cesarean section or an instrumental vaginal delivery It is of clinical importance, however that most women with a PTSD symptom profile were found in the normal vaginal delivery group (NVD) This implies that a normal vaginal delivery can be experienced as traumatic, lust as an emergency cesarian section is not necessarily traumatic Traumatic stress symptoms were neither substantially correlated to the duration of the second stage of labor, nor to the use of analgesia/anesthesia.
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| 9. |
- Wijma, Barbro, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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A model for critical review of literature - With vaginismus as an example
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0167-482X .- 1743-8942. ; 28:1, s. 21-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we present a behavioral model for the critical review of the literature within a certain research field, using vaginismus as an example. We searched the literature for the title word "vaginismus" and analyzed to what extent the articles dealt with the following seven categories: prevention, etiology, maintaining factors, consequences, object of intervention, method of intervention, and method of evaluation. In each category we scrutinized the content of the articles for biological, psychological, social, relational, and gender aspects. Quality requirements of etiological and treatment studies were then added and the results presented in a "quality-adjusted" model. There were 102 articles during 1985-2001, of which 22 were included in the review. Most of the articles deal with supposed predisposing factors of etiology and different aspects of intervention. Only a few articles discuss precipitating factors, maintaining factors, or consequences of the problem. No article had a gender analysis. Only 11 of the articles fulfilled some of the proposed quality criteria. We found the behavioral model with quality requirements useful for classifying and evaluating the literature of vaginismus. The model may also be used as a guide to design methodologically good studies. © 2007 Informa UK Ltd.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Wijma, Barbro, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Total och partiell vaginism
- 2003
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Ingår i: Vulvasjukdomar. - Stockholm : Svensk Förening för Obstetrik och Gynekologi (SFOG). ; , s. 59-62
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Wijma, Klaas, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of the delivery fear scale
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0167-482X .- 1743-8942. ; 23:2, s. 97-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reviews the development of the Delivery Fear Scale (DFS) to measure fear during labor and delivery.In an initial study, 92 women in labor answered a list of 60 items, expressing fear-related appraisals and their contrasts that were characteristic of women in labor. Ten items were then selected by means of an item-total analysis. In a second study, the final list of ten items was tested psychometrically and a semi-structured interview was performed on 45 women in labor, to explore the women s descriptions of the content of each of the ten items. According to the content analysis of the interviews, the dominating connotation of the ten items is fear based on the appraisal of being captured. The studies show that the DFS is a questionnaire that almost effortlessly can be completed within 60-90 seconds during any moment of labor and delivery. The scale has a good reliability: Cronbach‘s alpha was 0.88 in both studies.
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| 13. |
- Wijma, Klaas, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among gynecological patients with a history of sexual and physical abuse
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 15:9, s. 944-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All patients who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Link÷ping, Sweden over a 2-week period were sent a questionnaire about experiences of sexual/physical abuse and the Traumatic Event Scale, assessing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Of 649 patients, 26.3% showed a history of sexual or physical abuse in childhood or adulthood. Childhood and adulthood sexual abuse were experienced by 11.6% and 6.5%, respectively, childhood and adulthood physical abuse by 16.9% and 7.9%, respectively. Twenty-nine of all participants (4.5%) met PTSD criteria, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. PTSD was associated with multiple experiences of abuse. The frequency of PTSD symptoms was positively related to the amount and recency of abuse. PTSD participants reported more visits to a physician than abused non-PTSD and nonabused participants. The PTSD group reported less satisfaction than the other two groups with (a) contact with the physician and (b) the help received during visits to the clinic.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Zar, M, et al.
(författare)
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Relations between anxiety disorders and fear of childbirth during late pregnancy
- 2002
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : Wiley. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 9:2, s. 122-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a group of late pregnant women we investigated the prevalence of extreme fear of childbirth and anxiety disorders, both assessed by means of diagnostic interviews. We also explored the relation between anxiety disorders and extreme fear of childbirth on the one hand and fear of childbirth, as measured by means of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ), on the other hand. A subgroup of women (2.4%) fulfilled the criteria for a phobia-like fear of childbirth. Anxiety disorders were related to fear of childbirth, as measured by the W-DEQ. The group of women with extreme fear of childbirth (with or without anxiety disorders) had obviously the highest W-DEQ scores. But also in the group of women with anxiety disorders only the W-DEQ scores were high. Clinical assessment of anxiety disorders among pregnant women should be considered, above all in women who report fear of the anticipated delivery. Copyright ⌐ 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 16. |
- Brüggemann, Adrianus Jelmer, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Abuse in health care : a concept analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 26:1, s. 123-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives: To analyse the concept of abuse in health care. This analysis also covers how abuse in health care is different from the related concepts of medical error, patient satisfaction and personal identity threat.Background: Abuse in health care is an emerging concept in need of a clear analysis and definition. At the same time, boundaries to the related concepts are not demarcated.Design: Concept analysis as developed by Walker and Avant.Method: The databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, and Google Scholar were used to obtain articles published between 1997 and 2009. A total of eleven articles are referred to on abuse in health care, four on medical error, six on patient satisfaction and three on personal identity threat.Results: Abuse in health care is defined by patients’ subjective experiences of encounters with the health care system, characterized by devoid of care, where patients suffer and feel they lose their value as human beings. The events are most often unintended. We also found differences with the aforementioned related concepts: medical error does not share the patients’ perspective, and patient satisfaction does not offer room for patients’ abusive experiences. The concept of personal identity threat shares all attributes with abuse in health care, but it lacks an antecedent that signifies the social structures underlying the phenomenon.Conclusions: Abuse in health care covers a phenomenon that has severe consequences but is invisible if seen from a medical error or patient satisfaction perspective.
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| 17. |
- Brüggemann, Adrianus Jelmer, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Bystander passivity in health care and school settings : Moral disengagement, moral distress, and opportunities for moral education
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Moral Education. - : Routledge. - 0305-7240 .- 1465-3877. ; 48:2, s. 199-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bystander passivity has received increased attention in the prevention of interpersonal harm, but it is poorly understood in many settings. In this article we explore bystander passivity in three settings based on existing literature: patient abuse in health care; bullying among schoolchildren; and oppressive treatment of students by teachers. Throughout the article we develop a theoretical approach that connects Obermann's unconcerned and guiltybystanders to theories of moral disengagement and moral distress respectively. Despite differences between the three settings, we show striking similarities between processes of disengagement, indicators of distress, and the constraints for intervention that bystanders identify. In relation to this, we discuss moral educational efforts that aim to strengthen bystanders’ moral agency in health care and school settings. Many efforts emphasize shared problem descriptions and collective responsibilities. As challenging as such efforts may be, there can be much to gain in terms of welfare and justice.
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| 18. |
- Brüggemann, Jelmer, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding and preventing situations of abuse in health care : Navigation work in a Swedish palliative care setting
- 2019
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 222, s. 52-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In their everyday work, health professionals find themselves in situations that they perceive to be abusive to patients. Such situations can trigger feelings of shame and guilt, making efforts to address the problem among colleagues a challenge. This article analyzes how health professionals conceptualize abusive situations, and how they develop collective learning and explore preventive strategies. It is based on an interactive research collaboration with a hospice and palliative care clinic in Sweden during 2016–2017. The empirical material consists of group discussions and participant observations collected during interactive drama workshops for all clinic staff. Based on three types of challenges in the material, identified through thematic analysis, we establish the concept of navigation work to show how health professionals prevent or find ways out of challenging and potentially abusive situations. First, the navigation of care landscapes shows how staff navigate the different territories of the home and the ward, reflecting how spatial settings construct the scope of care and what professionals consider to be potentially abusive situations. Second, the negotiation of collective navigations addresses the professionals' shared efforts to protect patients through the use of physical and relational boundaries, or mediating disrupted relationships. Third, the navigation of tensions in care highlights professionals’ strategies in the confined action space between coercing and neglecting patients who oppose necessary care procedures. Theoretically, the concept of navigation work draws upon work on care in practice, and sheds light on the particular kind of work care professionals do, and reflect on doing, in order to navigate the challenges of potentially abusive situations. By providing a perspective and shared vocabulary, the concept may also elicit ways in which this work can be verbalized, shared, and developed in clinical practice.
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| 19. |
- Hilden, Malene, et al.
(författare)
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A history of sexual abuse and health : A Nordic multicentre study
- 2004
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 111:10, s. 1121-1127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To determine if a history of sexual abuse is associated with objective and subjective indicators of health and if certain abusive incidents had a stronger impact on health than others. Design: A cross-sectional, multicentre study. Setting: Five gynaecological departments in the five Nordic countries. Sample: Three thousand five hundred and thirty-nine gynaecology patients. Methods: The NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ) on abuse history and current health was mailed to all patients who consented to participate. Main outcome measures: Reason for index visit at the gynaecologic clinic as well as several questions on health were recorded. General health status was measured as self-estimated health, psychosomatic symptoms (headache, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, dizziness), number of health care visits and number of periods on sick leave. Result: A history of sexual abuse was reported by 20.7% of respondents. A history of sexual abuse was significantly associated with chronic pelvic pain as reason for index visit (P < 0.01), laparoscopic surgery (P < 0.01), psychosomatic symptoms (P < 0.01), self-estimated poor health (P < 0.01), many health care visits (P < 0.01) and high incidence of sick leave (P < 0.01). Several subgroups within the group of sexually abused women were more likely to report poor health: women abused as both children and adults, women who experienced additional emotional and/or physical abuse and women abused by a person they knew. Conclusion: Sexual abuse has a profound impact on women's health. Taking a history of sexual abuse seems particularly warranted when the patient presents with chronic pelvic pain or symptoms of a vague and diffuse nature.
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| 20. |
- Maroti, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life before and 6 weeks after treatment in a dermatological outpatient treatment unit
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 20:9, s. 1081-1085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dermatological disease affects quality of life to a great extent. Treatments are time-consuming and many patients have problems adhering to treatment. Attending an outpatient unit regularly during an intensive treatment period may enable patients to cope with their illness, adhere to treatment and thus improve their quality of life. Objective: To study the effect on quality of life of 6 weeks of regular treatment in the outpatient unit in the County Hospital of Jönköping, by means of a questionnaire and interviews. Methods: The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was distributed to 50 consecutive patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis or pruritus attending our outpatient treatment unit. Nine of the patients were interviewed during treatment about factors that might influence their quality of life. Results: The DLQI scores before treatment indicated a low quality of life. Women were more affected than men. After 6 weeks of treatment there was a clear improvement, with a 57% reduction in the scores. The answers from the interviews indicated important areas of concern such as withdrawal from public places, adoption of special clothing habits and concern about personal relationships. Conclusion: Dermatological diseases have an important influence on patients' quality of life. Attending an outpatient treatment unit was in this series of cases associated with improved quality of life as measured with the DLQI. © 2006 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.
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| 21. |
- Odlind, Viveca, et al.
(författare)
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Allmän gynekologi
- 2003
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Ingår i: Läkemedelsboken. 2003/2004. - Linköping : Linköpings universitet. - 9185574457 ; , s. 449-465
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Siwe, Karin, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Gynekologisk undersökning
- 2022. - 2
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Ingår i: Reproduktiv hälsa. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144138237 ; , s. 105-120
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Swahnberg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Are sociodemographic and regional and sample factors associated with prevalence of abuse?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 83:3, s. 276-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The aims of the present study were: 1) to estimate the prevalence of emotional, physical and sexual abuse and abuse in the health care system, and 2) to study the associations between prevalence of abuse and sociodemographic and sample variables.Methods. This cross-sectional study used a validated postal questionnaire in four Swedish samples; patients at three gynecologic clinics with different character and in different regions (n = 2439) and women in one randomized population sample (n = 1168).Results. Any lifetime emotional abuse was reported by 16.8–21.4% of the women; physical abuse by 32.1–37.5%; sexual abuse by 15.9–17.0%; and abuse in the health care system by 14.0–19.7%. For 7–8% abuse had included life threats and 9–20% of all women in the study currently suffered from their experiences of abuse. Most women had not disclosed their background of abuse to the gynecologist.There were differences in sociodemographic variables between the four samples. Generally, in the multivariate analyses we found associations between prevalence of abuse and age, educational level, civil status and occupation, but no consistent association between prevalence of abuse and sample variables.Conclusion. Lifetime prevalence rates of the four kinds of abuse were high in all samples as measured by the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ), and 1/10–1/5 women in the study suffered currently from abusive experiences. In multivariate analyses prevalence of abuse was consistently associated with sociodemographic but not to sample variables.
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| 24. |
- Swahnberg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Female patients report on health care staff's disobedience of ethical principles
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 85:7, s. 830-836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Earlier studies have shown a high prevalence of abuse in health care (AHC). We hypothesized that patients might easily feel abused when staff do not follow prevailing ethical principles. Therefore we developed the Violations of Ethical Principles Questionnaire (ViolEP), with 30 examples of situations in health care where four ethical principles are disobeyed (autonomy, nonmaleficence, justice, and integrity). Respondents reported whether or not they had ever experienced each of the situations, and whether or not they had perceived that event as a violation. Research questions: 1. What proportion of female patients have ever experienced staff disobeying ethical principles in health care? 2. To what extent are such events perceived as violations? and 3. How well do perceived violations of ethical principles correspond to experiences of AHC?Method. Our sample was 661 consecutive female patients at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Linköping, Sweden. They completed ViolEP and NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ) at home and returned them by post.Results. 20/661 (64%) women answered the ViolEP and 426/661 (64%) returned the NorAQ. The majority (73%) (306/420) had experienced staff disobeying ethical principles. More than every second woman had perceived those events as violations (68%) (209/306). The prevalence of AHC was 23%. ViolEP had good sensitivity but low specificity when we used AHC according to NorAQ as the “gold standard”.Conclusion. The majority of the patients had experienced health care staff disobeying prevailing ethical principles. These events were not always perceived as violations. The reason for this discrepancy needs to be explored.
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| 25. |
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