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- Andersen, M., et al.
(författare)
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Melanocortin 2, 3 and 4 Receptor Gene Expressions are Downregulated in CD8(+) T Cytotoxic Lymphocytes and CD19(+) B Lymphocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Responding to TNF- Inhibition
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 86:1, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melanocortin signalling in leucocyte subsets elicits anti-inflammatory and immune tolerance inducing effects in animal experimental inflammation. In man, however, the effects of melanocortin signalling in inflammatory conditions have scarcely been examined. We explored the differential reactions of melanocortin 1-5 receptors (MC1-5R) gene expressions in pathogenetic leucocyte subsets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to treatment with TNF- inhibitor adalimumab. Seven patients with active RA donated blood at start and at 3-month treatment. CD4(+) T helper (h) lymphocytes (ly), CD8(+) T cytotoxic (c) ly, CD19(+) B ly and CD14(+) monocytes were isolated, using immunomagnetic beads, total RNA extracted and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) performed. Fold changes in MC1-5R, Th1-, inflammatory- and regulatory cytokine gene expressions were assessed for correlation. Six patients responded to adalimumab treatment, while one patient was non-responder. In all lymphocyte subtypes, MC1-5R gene expressions decreased in responders and increased in the non-responder. In responders, decrease in MC2R, MC3R and MC4R gene expressions in CD8(+) Tc and CD19(+) B ly was significant. Fold change in MC1-5R and IFN gene expressions correlated significantly in CD8(+) Tc ly, while fold change in MC1R, MC3R and MC5R and IL-1 gene expressions correlated significantly in CD4(+) Th ly. Our results show regulation of MC2R, MC3R and MC4R gene expressions in CD8(+) Tc ly and CD19(+) B ly. The correlations between fold change in different MCRs and disease driving cytokine gene expressions in CD8(+) Tc ly and CD4(+) Th ly point at a central immune modulating function of the melanocortin system in RA.
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- Freyhult, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Unbiased descriptor and parameter selection confirms the potential of proteochemometric modelling
- 2005
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Ingår i: BMC Bioinformatics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2105. ; 6, s. 50-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Proteochemometrics is a new methodology that allows prediction of protein function directly from real interaction measurement data without the need of 3D structure information. Several reported proteochemometric models of ligand-receptor interactions have already yielded significant insights into various forms of bio-molecular interactions. The proteochemometric models are multivariate regression models that predict binding affinity for a particular combination of features of the ligand and protein. Although proteochemometric models have already offered interesting results in various studies, no detailed statistical evaluation of their average predictive power has been performed. In particular, variable subset selection performed to date has always relied on using all available examples, a situation also encountered in microarray gene expression data analysis. Results A methodology for an unbiased evaluation of the predictive power of proteochemometric models was implemented and results from applying it to two of the largest proteochemometric data sets yet reported are presented. A double cross-validation loop procedure is used to estimate the expected performance of a given design method. The unbiased performance estimates (P2) obtained for the data sets that we consider confirm that properly designed single proteochemometric models have useful predictive power, but that a standard design based on cross validation may yield models with quite limited performance. The results also show that different commercial software packages employed for the design of proteochemometric models may yield very different and therefore misleading performance estimates. In addition, the differences in the models obtained in the double CV loop indicate that detailed chemical interpretation of a single proteochemometric model is uncertain when data sets are small. Conclusion The double CV loop employed offer unbiased performance estimates about a given proteochemometric modelling procedure, making it possible to identify cases where the proteochemometric design does not result in useful predictive models. Chemical interpretations of single proteochemometric models are uncertain and should instead be based on all the models selected in the double CV loop employed here.
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- Junaid, M., et al.
(författare)
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A straightforward experimental approach to expression, purification, refolding, and enzymatic analysis of recombinant dengue virus NS2B(H)-NS3pro protease
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biochemistry (Moscow). - 0006-2979 .- 1608-3040. ; 78:8, s. 920-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dengue virus threatens around 2.5 billion people worldwide; about 50 million become infected every year, and yet no vaccine or drug is available for prevention and/or treatment. The flaviviral NS2B-NS3pro complex is indispensable for flaviviral replication and is considered to be an important drug target. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and generally applicable experimental strategy to construct, purify, and assay a highly active recombinant NS2B(H)-NS3pro complex that would be useful for high-throughput screening of potential inhibitors. The sequence of NS2B(H)-NS3pro was generated by overlap extension PCR (SOE-PCR) and cloned into the pTrcHisA vector. Hexahistidine-tagged NS2B(H)-NS3pro complex was expressed in E. coli predominantly as insoluble protein and purified to > 95% purity by single-step immobilized metal affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting of the purified enzyme demonstrated the presence of the NS2B(H)-NS3pro precursor and its autocleavage products, NS3pro and NS2B(H), as 37, 21, and 10 kDa bands, respectively. Kinetic parameters, K (m), k (cat), and k (cat)/K (m) for the fluorophore-linked protease model substrate Ac-nKRR-amc were obtained using inner-filter effect correction. The kinetic parameters K (m), k (cat), and k (cat)/K (m) for Ac-nKRR-amc substrate were 100 mu M, 0.112 s(-1), and 1120 M-1 center dot s(-1), respectively. A simplified procedure for the cloning, overexpression, and purification of the NS2B(H)-NS3pro complex was applied, and a highly active recombinant NS2B(H)-NS3pro complex was obtained that could be useful for the design of high-throughput assays aimed at flaviviral inhibitor discovery.
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- Junaid, M., et al.
(författare)
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Modulation of enzymatic activity of dengue virus nonstructural protein NS3 nucleoside triphosphatase/helicase by poly(U)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biochemistry (Moscow). - 0006-2979 .- 1608-3040. ; 78:8, s. 925-932
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) appears to be the most promising target for anti-flavivirus therapy because of its multiple enzymatic activities that are indispensable for virus replication. NS3 of dengue virus type 2 (DEN2) is composed of two domains, a serine protease in the N-terminal domain (NS3pro) and RNA-stimulated nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase)/RNA helicase at the C-terminus (NS3h). NS3 plays an important role in viral replication and the coordinated regulation of all the catalytic activities in the full-length NS3 protein. In this study, a plasmid harboring the NS3 helicase domain (NS3h) was constructed by PCR. The 56.5 kDa NS3h protein was purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography followed by renaturation, mediated by artificial chaperone-assisted refolding, which yielded the active helicase. NTPase activity was assayed with Malachite Green. The NTPase activity in the presence of poly(U) showed a higher turnover number (k (cat)) and a lower K (m) value than without poly(U). The activity increased approximately fourfold in the presence of polynucleotides. This indicates that NTPase activity of dengue NS3 can be stimulated by polynucleotides. A helicase assay based on internal fluorescence quenching was conducted using short internally quenched DNA oligonucleotides as substrates. Significant fluorescence signaling increase was observed in the absence of polynucleotides such as poly(U). No unwinding activity was observed with addition of poly(U). The approach we describe here is useful for the further characterization of substrate specificity and for the design of high-throughput assays aimed at discovery of inhibitors against NS3 NTPase/helicase activities.
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- Nagaev, I., et al.
(författare)
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Resistin Gene Expression is Downregulated in CD4(+) T Helper Lymphocytes and CD14(+) Monocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Responding to TNF-alpha Inhibition
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 84:4, s. 229-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is caused by complex interactions between immune cells and sustained by Th1 response cytokines. Resistin [resistance to insulin; (RETN)] is an inflammatory cytokine, first discovered in murine adipocytes. In man, RETN is mainly secreted by monocytes. The distinct role of RETN in the immune reaction is uncertain; however, RETN has pro-inflammatory, profibrotic and possibly tolerogenic properties. The aim was to assess the reaction of RETN gene expression to TNF-alpha inhibition (I) in pathogenetic immune cell subsets in RA, in the context of Th1, inflammatory and regulatory cytokine gene expressions. Accordingly, we measured RETN, IFN-gamma, TNF-beta, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta and IL-10 gene expressions in CD14(+) monocytes, CD4(+) T helper (Th) lymphocytes (ly), CD8(+) T cytotoxic (Tc) ly and CD19(+) B ly in active RA before and 3 months after start of TNF-alpha I. Leucocyte subsets were separated by specific monoclonal antibody-covered beads, RNA extracted and levels of RETN, Th1 response, inflammatory and regulatory cytokine mRNAs measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. We found that TNF-alpha I caused a significant downregulation of RETN gene expression in CD14(+) monocytes and CD4(+) Th ly and was unchanged in CD8(+) Tc ly and CD19(+) B ly. Both in active RA and during TNF-alpha I, RETN mRNA levels were significantly higher in CD14(+) monocytes than in all other examined cell types. In monocytes, fold change in RETN and TGF-beta gene expressions upon TNF-alpha I correlated significantly. Our findings indicate that RETN has pro-inflammatory as well as proresolving roles in active RA.
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| 19. |
- Neumann Andersen, G., et al.
(författare)
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Dermal Melanocortin Receptor Rebound in Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis after Anti-TGFβ1 Antibody Therapy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - Hoboken : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 76:5, s. 478-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disturbed transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling leads to enhanced synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is manifested as systemic sclerosis (SSc), but this may be attenuated by the melanocortin system. Here, we report of rebound reaction in the gene expression of melanocortin receptor (MCR) subtypes and of the precursor of these receptors' ligands, the pro-opio-melanocortin protein (POMC), in the acute skin lesion of diffuse systemic sclerosis (dSSc) after treatment with a recombinant human anti-TGFβ1 antibody. Biopsies, taken from the leading edge of the skin lesion, before and after treatment of a patient with recent onset dSSc, were examined. Before treatment, increased levels of TGFβ mRNA and suppressed levels of POMC mRNA and MCR subtypes MC 1-3, 5R mRNAs were seen in the lesion, compared with healthy controls. After treatment, there was a rebound expression of POMC, MC 2, 3, 5R mRNAs. As the melanocortin system regulates collagen and melanin production, our findings add a new understanding to the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the acute skin lesion of dSSc, which is characterized by enhanced ECM formation and changes in skin pigmentation.
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- Toll, Johan B, et al.
(författare)
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Purification of human basophils by affinity chromatography on anti-IgE-sepharose 6MB
- 1981
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 36:6, s. 411-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work describes a method for the purification of basophil leukocytes from human peripheral blood by the use of a three-step separation technique including affinity chromatography on anti-IgE-sepharose 6MB. The purity of the obtained basophils was 50--95% and the recovery was 30--40%. The basophils separated by this method appeared normal and were found to be reactive with anti-IgE in subsequent tests.
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