| 1. |
- Klarare, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Methods and strategies to promote academic literacies in health professions : a scoping review
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Education. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6920. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Universities enroll students from diverse backgrounds every year, with 300 million students expected in higher education by 2025. However, with widening participation, increasing numbers of students enrolling in higher health education and future health professions will be underprepared to meet demands of academic literacies, i.e. ability to read, interpret and critically evaluate academic texts and communicating the understanding verbally or in writing. The aim of this scoping review was to describe and explore methods and strategies to promote development of academic literacies.RESULTS: Thirty-one relevant studies were included and analyzed according to scoping review guidelines. The results showed four strategies: (1) integrating learning activities to develop academic literacies in the regular curriculum, (2) changing the course design with new methods for teaching and learning, (3) establish collaborations amongst academics and librarian faculty, and (4) adding courses or foundation year focusing on development of academic literacies. The results are discussed in light of the United Nations Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development, Goal 4, Quality Education, and widening participation.CONCLUSIONS: Aspects of widening participation and inclusion in higher education have been debated, and increasing numbers of students from diverse backgrounds are expected to enter health studies in higher education. We encourage integration of teaching and learning activities targeting parallel learning of course materials and development of academic literacies, beyond study skills. Embracing epistemic complexity and diversity as well as choosing strategic work with academic literacies may provide a starting point toward realizing sustainable development goals and widening participation.
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| 2. |
- Goode-Romero, Guillermo, et al.
(författare)
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New information of dopaminergic agents based on quantum chemistry calculations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in a wide range of both locomotive and cognitive functions in humans. Disturbances on the dopaminergic system cause, among others, psychosis, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Antipsychotics are drugs that interact primarily with the dopamine receptors and are thus important for the control of psychosis and related disorders. These drugs function as agonists or antagonists and are classified as such in the literature. However, there is still much to learn about the underlying mechanism of action of these drugs. The goal of this investigation is to analyze the intrinsic chemical reactivity, more specifically, the electron donor-acceptor capacity of 217 molecules used as dopaminergic substances, particularly focusing on drugs used to treat psychosis. We analyzed 86 molecules categorized as agonists and 131 molecules classified as antagonists, applying Density Functional Theory calculations. Results show that most of the agonists are electron donors, as is dopamine, whereas most of the antagonists are electron acceptors. Therefore, a new characterization based on the electron transfer capacity is proposed in this study. This new classification can guide the clinical decision-making process based on the physiopathological knowledge of the dopaminergic diseases.
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| 3. |
- Karlstedt, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of Coherence in partners to persons with Huntington's disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 144:5, s. 576-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neuropsychiatric disease characterized by involuntary movements and behavioural symptoms. This study aimed to explore the association between the level of Sense of Coherence (SOC) and health problems, and psychological distress factors in partners to HD affected persons and their need of support.MATERIALS & METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational design was used. Data was generated from 94 HD partners from almost all networks, outpatient clinics and nursing homes specialized in HD across Sweden. HD partners filled out questionnaires with scales measuring SOC, health problems, psychological distress factors and the Total Functional Capacity Scale (TFC). Non-parametric analysis was used to analyse group differences.RESULTS: Huntington's disease partners with a lower level of SOC experienced more health problems than those with a higher level. Health problems among HD partners were most common among HD affected in TFC stage 3, indicating that the partners need most support during this period. Lower level of SOC was associated with loneliness in the relationship; less possibilities to socialize with friends; worries about the future as well as being subjected to physical aggression. The experience of physical aggression from the HD affected person was common (44.7%) and 28.6% of the partners expressed worries about being subjected to physical aggression.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that knowledge about the partners' SOC score may be a helpful indicator identifying HD partners who are more vulnerable and need additional help caring for the person with HD and can be a complementary tool in assessment protocols.
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| 4. |
- Ewertzon, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation and evaluation of the Family Involvement and Alienation Questionnaire for use in the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 74:8, s. 1839-1850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo adapt the Family Involvement and Alienation Questionnaire (FIAQ) for use in the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care and to evaluate its validity and reliability. BackgroundInvolvement in the professional care has proven to be important for family members. However, they have described feelings of alienation in relation to how they experienced the professionals' approach. To explore this issue, a broad instrument that can be used in different care contexts is needed. DesignA psychometric evaluation study, with a cross-sectional design. MethodThe content validity of the FIAQ was evaluated during 2014 by cognitive interviews with 15 family members to adults in different care contexts. Psychometric evaluation was then conducted (2015-2016). A sample of 325 family members participated, 103 of whom in a test-retest evaluation. Both parametric and non-parametric methods were used. ResultsThe content validity revealed that the questionnaire was generally understood and considered to be relevant and retrievable by family members in the contexts of the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care. Furthermore, the FIAQ (Revised), demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of data quality, homogeneity, unidimensionality (factor structure), internal consistency and test-retest reliability. ConclusionThe study provides evidence that the FIAQ (Revised) is reliable and valid for use in further research and in quality assessment in the contexts of the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care.
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| 5. |
- Hagberg, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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More Appreciation of Life or Regretting the Test? : Experiences of Living as a Mutation Carrier of Huntington's Disease
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Genetic Counseling. - : Wiley. - 1059-7700 .- 1573-3599. ; 20:1, s. 70-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about how the knowledge of being a mutation carrier for Huntington's disease (HD) influences lives, emotionally and socially. In this qualitative study 10 interviews were conducted to explore the long term (> 5 years) experiences of being a mutation carrier. The results showed a broad variety of both positive and negative impact on the carriers' lives. The most prominent positive changes reported were a greater appreciation of life and a tendency to bring the family closer together. On the other hand, some participants expressed decisional regrets and discussed the negative impact this knowledge had on their psychological well-being. The knowledge variously served as either a motivator or an obstacle in pursuing further education, career or investment in personal health. Deeper understanding of people's reactions to the certainty of knowing they will become affected with HD is essential for the genetic counseling team in order to provide appropriate support.
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| 6. |
- Momeni, Pardis, et al.
(författare)
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A survey study of family members' encounters with healthcare services within the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 36:4, s. 1228-1240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe and compare family members' experiences of approach in encounters with healthcare professionals and possible feelings of alienation in the professional care within four care contexts: the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care. The design was an explorative cross-sectional survey study. Data were collected in Sweden using the Family Involvement and Alienation Questionnaire-Revised (FIAQ-R). It measures family members' experiences of the healthcare professionals' approach and the family members' feeling of alienation from the provision of professional care. A total of 1047 questionnaires were distributed to family members using convenient sampling method, of which 294 were included. Data were analysed using rank-based, non-parametric statistical methods. The results indicated that most respondents experienced a positive actual approach from the healthcare professionals. Many participants rated the importance of approach at a higher level than their actual experience. Participants in the context of diabetes care reported a more negative actual approach from the healthcare professionals than did participants in the other contexts and considered the healthcare professionals' approach towards them as being less important. The results for the entire group indicated that the participants felt a low level of alienation from the professional care. Participants in the context of the care of older people reported significantly lower level of feeling of being alienated than did participants in the contexts of psychiatric care and diabetes care. The differences between participants in diabetes care and other care contexts can possibly be explained by a more fully implemented self-care approach among the patients in diabetes care than in the other care contexts. Even though the results are quite positive, it is still important that nurses consider a family-centred approach to better adapt to the needs of both the family members and the patients.
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| 7. |
- Momeni, Pardis, et al.
(författare)
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Family Members' Experiences with the Healthcare Professionals in Nursing Homes - A Survey Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nursing: Research and Reviews. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd. - 2230-522X. ; 12, s. 57-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose was to investigate family members' experiences of the healthcare professionals' approach and feeling of alienation in nursing homes.Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design collecting data from seven nursing homes in Sweden using the Family Involvement and Alienation Questionnaire - Revised (FIAQ-R). The final sample consisted 133 family members (response rate 42.6%). Data were analyzed with a variety of rank-based, non-parametric statistical methods.Results: Family members in general experienced a positive approach from the healthcare professionals and considered that as being of the very highest importance. This could be explained by the skewed sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. The concept of continuity generated the most comments of a negative character indicating the importance of organizational factors in nursing homes.Conclusion: The results indicate the need to improve continuity in the care of older persons in nursing homes by limiting the amount of different health care professionals surrounding the older person. Also, it highlights the importance of having a specific contact person assigned to each older person living in nursing homes.
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