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- Björkqvist, Maria, et al.
(author)
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A novel pathogenic pathway of immune activation detectable before clinical onset in Huntington's disease.
- 2008
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In: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 205, s. 1869-1877
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both neurological and systemic abnormalities. We examined the peripheral immune system and found widespread evidence of innate immune activation detectable in plasma throughout the course of HD. Interleukin 6 levels were increased in HD gene carriers with a mean of 16 years before the predicted onset of clinical symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the earliest plasma abnormality identified in HD. Monocytes from HD subjects expressed mutant huntingtin and were pathologically hyperactive in response to stimulation, suggesting that the mutant protein triggers a cell-autonomous immune activation. A similar pattern was seen in macrophages and microglia from HD mouse models, and the cerebrospinal fluid and striatum of HD patients exhibited abnormal immune activation, suggesting that immune dysfunction plays a role in brain pathology. Collectively, our data suggest parallel central nervous system and peripheral pathogenic pathways of immune activation in HD.
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- Davis, Paul A., et al.
(author)
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Better out than in : The influence of anger regulation on physical performance
- 2010
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In: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 49:5, s. 457-460
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examined the influence of individual differences in anger regulation as potential moderators of the anger–performance relationship. Extending Lazarus’s (1991, 2000a) cognitive–motivational–relational theory of emotion, we investigated the influence of trait anger and the anger regulation styles of anger-in and anger-out on the performance of a physical task. As hypothesized, trait anger and anger-out were positively associated with anger-derived performance enhancement on a peak force task; anger-in significantly inhibited the trait anger–performance relationship. Results are discussed in relation to Lazarus’s cognitive–motivational–relational theory and future research directions are offered.
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- Davis, Paul A., et al.
(author)
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Written Emotional Disclosure can Promote Athletes’ Mental Health and Performance Readiness during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2020
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The widespread effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have negatively impacted upon many athletes’ mental health and increased reports of depression as well as symptoms of anxiety. Disruptions to training and competition schedules can induce athletes’ emotional distress, while concomitant government-imposed restrictions (e.g., social isolation, quarantines) reduce the availability of athletes’ social and emotional support. Written Emotional Disclosure has been used extensively in a variety of settings with diverse populations as a means to promote emotional processing. The expressive writing protocol has been used to a limited extent in the context of sport, and predominantly in support of athletes’ emotional processing during injury rehabilitation. We propose that Written Emotional Disclosure offers an evidence-based treatment that can promote athletes’ mental health and support their return to competition. Research exploring the efficacy of the expressive writing protocol highlights a number of theoretical models underpinning the positive effects of Written Emotional Disclosure; we outline how each of these potential mechanisms can address the multidimensional complexity of the challenging circumstances arising from the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., loss of earnings, returning to training and competition). Considerations and strategies for using Written Emotional Disclosure to support athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic are presented.
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- Woodman, Nick, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating the applicability of the radial approximation for pile heat exchangers
- 2019. - 217729
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In: Energy Geotechnics. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1866-8755. ; , s. 3-10
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper appraises the efficacy of using an analytical radial approximation for different thermal pile heat exchanger geometries. Unsteady radial heat-flow from fluid in a pipe set within a grouted borehole into the external ground is well-documented and can be solved analytically very rapidly using Laplace Transforms (Javed and Claesson 2011). By comparing the radial model with finite-element simulations including explicit pile geometries, this paper provides a provisional analysis of the accuracy of this approach. Initial findings suggest that the radial model may provide an appropriate approximation to pile behaviour for certain pipe configurations, albeit with small ‘mid-time’ error.
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- Woodman, Tim, et al.
(author)
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Emotions and sport performance : An exploration of happiness, hope and anger
- 2009
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In: Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - : Human Kinetics. - 0895-2779. ; 31:2, s. 169-188
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We conducted three experiments to examine the relationships between emotions and subcomponents of performance. Experiment 1 revealed that anger was associated with enhanced gross muscular peak force performance but that happiness did not influence grammatical reasoning performance. Following Lazarus (1991, 2000a), we examined hope rather than happiness in Experiment 2. As hypothesized, hope yielded faster soccer-related reaction times in soccer players. Experiment 3 was an examination of extraversion as a moderator of the anger-performance relationship. When angry, extraverts' peak force increased more than introverts'. Results are discussed and future research directions are offered in relation to Lazarus's framework.
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- Woodman, Tim, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Repression in the Incidence of Ironic Errors
- 2008
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In: The Sport psychologist. - : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 22:2, s. 183-196
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of repression in the incidence of ironic errors was investigated on a golf task. Coping styles of novice golfers were determined using measures of cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal. Following baseline putts, participants (n = 58) performed a competition putt with the opportunity to win UK£50 (approx. US$100). Before completing the competition putt participants were instructed to “land the ball on the target, but be particularly careful not to over-shoot the target.” The distance the ball traveled past the hole formed the measure of ironic effects. Probing of the coping style × condition interaction, F(2, 41) = 6.53, p < .005, revealed that only the repressors incurred a significant increase in ironic error for the competition putt. This suggests that the act of repressing anxiety has a detrimental performance effect.
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