| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
|
|
| 2. |
- Wang, Yuchen, et al.
(författare)
-
Field observations of C2 and C3 organosulfates and insights into their formation mechanisms at a suburban site in Hong Kong
- 2023
-
Ingår i: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 904
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organosulfates (OSs) are formed from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their oxidation products in the presence of sulfate particles. While OSs represent an important component in secondary organic aerosol, the knowledge of their formation driving force, mechanisms, and environmental impact remain inadequately understood. In this study, we report ambient observations of C2-3 oxygenated VOCs derived OSs (C2-3 OSs) at a suburban location of Hong Kong during autumn 2016. The C2-3 OSs, including glycolaldehyde sulfate (GS), hydroxyacetone sulfate (HAS), glycolic acid sulfate (GAS), and lactic acid sulfate (LAS), were quantified/semiquantified using offline liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of aerosol filter samples. The average sum concentration of C2-3 OSs was 36 ng/m3. Correlation analysis revealed that sulfate, surface area, and liquid water content were important factors influencing C2-3 OS formation. Online measurement with an iodide High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical-Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) coupled with the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) was also conducted to monitor C2-3 OSs, and their potential oxygenated VOC precursors in both gas-and particle-phase, and aerosol acidity tracer simultaneously. Our measurements support that glycolaldehyde/glyoxal, hydroxyacetone, glycolic acid/glyoxal, and lactic acid/ methylglyoxal are likely precursors for GS, HAS, GAS, and LAS, respectively. Additionally, we found strong correlation between C2-3 OSs and H3S2O8 , a marker for aerosol acidity, providing field observational evidence for acid-catalyzed formation of small OSs. Based on both online and offline measurements, acid-catalyzed formation mechanisms in particle/aqueous phase are proposed. Specifically, the unique structure of adjacent carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in the C2-3 oxygenated VOC precursors can facilitate the formation of (1) a five member ring intermediate via intramolecular hydrogen bond to react with sulfur trioxide through heterogenous reaction or (2) cyclic sulfate intermediate via particle-phase reaction with sulfuric acid to generate C2-3 OSs. These proposed mechanisms provide an alternative pathway for the liquid-phase production of C2-3 OSs.
|
|
| 3. |
- Zhang, Lizhan, et al.
(författare)
-
A long-term growth stable Halomonas sp. deleted with multiple transposases guided by its metabolic network model Halo-ecGEM
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Metabolic Engineering. - 1096-7176 .- 1096-7184. ; 84, s. 95-108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial instability is a common problem during bio-production based on microbial hosts. Halomonas bluephagenesis has been developed as a chassis for next generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB) under open and unsterile conditions. However, the hidden genomic information and peculiar metabolism have significantly hampered its deep exploitation for cell-factory engineering. Based on the freshly completed genome sequence of H. bluephagenesis TD01, which reveals 1889 biological process-associated genes grouped into 84 GO-slim terms. An enzyme constrained genome-scale metabolic model Halo-ecGEM was constructed, which showed strong ability to simulate fed-batch fermentations. A visible salt-stress responsive landscape was achieved by combining GO-slim term enrichment and CVT-based omics profiling, demonstrating that cells deploy most of the protein resources by force to support the essential activity of translation and protein metabolism when exposed to salt stress. Under the guidance of Halo-ecGEM, eight transposases were deleted, leading to a significantly enhanced stability for its growth and bioproduction of various polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) including 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) homopolymer PHB, 3HB and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) copolymer PHBV, as well as 3HB and 4-hydroxyvalerate (4HB) copolymer P34HB. This study sheds new light on the metabolic characteristics and stress-response landscape of H. bluephagenesis, achieving for the first time to construct a long-term growth stable chassis for industrial applications. For the first time, it was demonstrated that genome encoded transposons are the reason for microbial instability during growth in flasks and fermentors.
|
|
| 4. |
- Alander, B., et al.
(författare)
-
A facile way of making inexpensive rigid and soft protein biofoams with rapid liquid absorption
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 119, s. 41-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel and facile method to produce inexpensive protein biofoams suitable for sponge applications is presented. The protein used in the study was wheat gluten (WG), readily available as a by/co-product, but the method is expected to work for other cross-linkable proteins. The foams were obtained by high-speed stirring of pristine WG powder in water at room temperature followed by drying. Glutaraldehyde was used to crosslink the foam material in order to stabilize the dispersion, reduce its tackiness and improve the strength of the final foam. The foams were of medium to high density and absorbed readily both hydrophobic and hydrophilic liquids. The foam structure, consisting primarily of an open pore/channel system, led to a remarkably fast capillary-driven (pore-filling only) uptake of a hydrophobic liquid (limonene). Essentially all uptake occurred within the first second (to ca. 90% of the dry weight). In a polar liquid (water), the rapid pore-filling occurred in parallel with a more time-dependent swelling of the foam matrix material. Further improvement in the foam strength was achieved by making a denser foam or adding TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibres. Soft foams were obtained by adding glycerol.
|
|
| 5. |
- An, Wenling, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhanced Recent Local Moisture Recycling on the Northwestern Tibetan Plateau Deduced From Ice Core Deuterium Excess Records
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 122:23, s. 12541-12556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local moisture recycling plays an essential role in maintaining an active hydrological cycle of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Previous studies were largely limited to the seasonal time scale due to short and sparse observations, especially for the northwestern TP. In this study, we used a two-component mixing model to estimate local moisture recycling over the past decades from the deuterium excess records of two ice cores (i.e., Chongce and Zangser Kangri) from the northwestern TP. The results show that on average almost half of the precipitation on the northwestern TP is provided by local moisture recycling. In addition, the local moisture recycling ratio has increased evidently on the northwestern TP, suggesting an enhanced hydrological cycle. This recent increase could be due to the climatic and environmental changes on the TP in the past decades. Rapid increases in temperature and precipitation have enhanced evaporation. Changes of land surface of plateau have significantly increased evapotranspiration. All of these have intensified local moisture recycling. However, the mixing model used in this study only includes a limited number of climate factors. Some of the extreme values of moisture recycling ratio could be caused by large-scale atmospheric circulation and other climatic and weather events. Moreover, the potential mechanisms for the increase in local recycling need to be further examined, since the numeric simulations from climate models did not reproduce the increased contribution of local moisture recycling in precipitation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Antonio, Capezza, et al.
(författare)
-
Preparation and Comparison of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes as Fillers in Conductive Natural Rubber for Flexible Electronics
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0030-2228 .- 1541-3764. ; 4:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conductive natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites were prepared by solvent-casting suspensions of reduced graphene oxide(rGO) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs), followed by vulcanization of the rubber composites. Both rGO and CNT were compatible as fillers in the NR as well as having sufficient intrinsic electrical conductivity for functional applications. Physical (thermal) and chemical reduction of GO were investigated, and the results of the reductions were monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for establishing a reduction protocol that was useful for the rGO nanocomposite preparation. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy showed that both nanofillers were adequately dispersed in the main NR phase. The CNT composite displays a marked mechanical hysteresis and higher elongation at break, in comparison to the rGO composites for an equal fraction of the carbon phase. Moreover, the composite conductivity was always ca. 3-4 orders of magnitude higher for the CNT composite than for the rGO composites, the former reaching a maximum conductivity of ca. 10.5 S/m, which was explained by the more favorable geometry of the CNT versus the rGO sheets. For low current density applications though, both composites achieved the necessary percolation and showed the electrical conductivity needed for being applied as flexible conductors for a light-emitting diode.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ashour, Radwa M., et al.
(författare)
-
Green Synthesis of Metal-Organic Framework Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites for Separation Applications
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Polymers. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4360. ; 12:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials that can be designed to act as selective adsorbents. Due to their high porosity they can possess very high adsorption capacities. However, overcoming the brittleness of these crystalline materials is a challenge for many industrial applications. In order to make use of MOFs for large-scale liquid phase separation processes they can be immobilized on solid supports. For this purpose, nanocellulose can be considered as a promising supporting material due to its high flexibility and biocompatibility. In this study a novel flexible nanocellulose MOF composite material was synthesised in aqueous media by a novel and straightforward in situ one-pot green method. The material consisted of MOF particles of the type MIL-100(Fe) (from Material Institute de Lavoisier, containing Fe(III) 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) immobilized onto bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers. The novel nanocomposite material was applied to efficiently separate arsenic and Rhodamine B from aqueous solution, achieving adsorption capacities of 4.81, and 2.77 mg g‒1, respectively. The adsorption process could be well modelled by the nonlinear pseudo-second-order fitting.
|
|
| 8. |
- Birdsong, Björn K., et al.
(författare)
-
Flexible and fire-retardant silica/cellulose aerogel using bacterial cellulose nanofibrils as template material
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Materials Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2633-5409. ; 5:12, s. 5041-5051
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the possibility of using various silsesquioxane precursors such as (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to produce silsesquioxane-bacterial cellulose nanofibre (bCNF) aerogels. Each precursor allowed to customize the aerogel properties, leading to unique properties suitable for various applications requiring lightweight insulative materials. When utilizing APTES as the silsesquioxane precursor, an aerogel capable of over 90% recovery after compression was formed, making them suitable for flexible applications. When MTMS was used as the precursor, the aerogel retained some compression recovery (80%) but had the added property of superhydrophobicity with a contact angle over 160° due to the presence of CH3 functional groups, enabling water-repellence. Finally, TEOS allowed for excellent thermal insulative properties with a low Peak Heat Release Rate (PHRR), making it a promising candidate for fire-resistant applications. The customization of these aerogel materials was attributed to a combination of the chemical composition of the silsesquioxane precursors and the morphology of the coated bacterial cellulose nanofibres (bCNF), such as CH3 groups found in MTMS enabled for superhydrophobicity. Differences in morphology, such as uniform and smooth silsesquioxane coatings when using APTES or a “pearl-necklace” morphology using TEOS, enabled either compression recovery and flexibility or low thermal conduction. This investigation of silsesquioxane-bCNF provides a good understanding of the importance of the choice of precursor effect on insulating aerogel properties.
|
|
| 9. |
- Cai, Guan, et al.
(författare)
-
Root exudates with low C/N ratios accelerate CO2 emissions from paddy soil
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Land Degradation and Development. - : Wiley. - 1099-145X .- 1085-3278. ; 33:8, s. 1193-1203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Root exudates can significantly modify microbial activity and soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization. However, how root exudates and their C/N stoichiometric ratios control paddy soil C mineralization is poorly understood. This study used a mixture of glucose, oxalic acid, and alanine as root exudate mimics for three C/N stoichiometric ratios (CN6, CN10, and CN80) to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in SOM mineralization. The input of root exudates enhanced CO2 emissions by 1.8–2.3-fold that of soil with only C additions (C-only). Artificial root exudates with low C/N ratios (CN6 and CN10) increased the metabolic quotient (qCO2) by 12% over those with higher stoichiometric ratios (CN80 and C-only), suggesting a relatively high energy demand for microorganisms to acquire organic N from SOM by increasing N-hydrolase production. The increase of stoichiometric ratios of C- to N-hydrolase (β-1,4-glucosidase to β-1,4-N-acetyl glucosaminidase) promoted SOM degradation compared to those involved in organic C- and N- degradation, which had a significant positive correlation with qCO2. The stoichiometric ratios of microbial biomass (MBC/MBN) were positively correlated with C use efficiency, indicating root exudates with higher C/N ratios provide an undersupply of N for microorganisms that trigger the release of N-degrading extracellular enzymes. Our findings showed that the C/N stoichiometry of root exudates controlled SOM mineralization by affecting the specific response of the microbial biomass through the activity of C- and N-releasing extracellular enzymes to adjust the microbial C/N ratio.
|
|
| 10. |
- Capezza, Antonio Jose, et al.
(författare)
-
Superabsorbent and Fully Biobased Protein Foams with a Natural Cross-Linker and Cellulose Nanofibers
- 2019
-
Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2470-1343. ; 4:19, s. 18257-18267
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of fully natural wheat gluten foams showing rapid and high uptake of water, sheep blood, and saline solution, while maintaining high mechanical stability in the swollen state, is presented. Genipin was added as a natural and polar cross-linker to increase the polarity of the protein chains, whereas cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were added as a reinforcement/stiffener of the foams, alone or in combination with the genipin. The presence of only genipin resulted in a foam that absorbed up to 25 g of water per gram of foam and a more than 15 g uptake in only 8 min. In contrast, with CNF alone, it was not possible to maintain the mechanical stability of the foam during the water uptake and the protein foam disintegrated. The combination of CNF and genipin yielded a material with the best mechanical stability of the tested samples. In the latter case, the foam could be compressed repeatedly more than 80% without displaying any structural damage. The results revealed that a strong network had formed between the wheat gluten matrix, genipin, and cellulose in the foam structure. A unique feature of the absorbent/foam, in contrast to commercial superabsorbents, was that it was able to rapidly absorb nonpolar liquids (here, n-heptane) due to the open-cell structure. The capillary-driven absorption due to the open-cell structure, the high liquid absorption in the cell walls, and the mechanical properties (both in dry and swollen states) of these natural foams make them interesting as a sustainable replacement for a range of petroleum-based foam materials, including absorbent hygiene products such as sanitary pads.
|
|
| 11. |
- Ding, Yang, et al.
(författare)
-
Artificial intelligence-assisted point-of-care testing system for ultrafast and quantitative detection of drug-resistant bacteria
- 2023
-
Ingår i: SMARTMAT. - : WILEY. - 2766-8525.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As one of the major causes of antimicrobial resistance, beta-lactamase develops rapidly among bacteria. Detection of beta-lactamase in an efficient and low-cost point-of-care testing (POCT) way is urgently needed. However, due to the volatile environmental factors, the quantitative measurement of current POCT is often inaccurate. Herein, we demonstrate an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted mobile health system that consists of a paper-based beta-lactamase fluorogenic probe analytical device and a smartphone-based AI cloud. An ultrafast broad-spectrum fluorogenic probe (B1) that could respond to beta-lactamase within 20 s was first synthesized, and the detection limit was determined to be 0.13 nmol/L. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical device was fabricated for integration of B1. Also, a smartphone-based AI cloud was developed to correct errors automatically and output results intelligently. This smart system could calibrate the temperature and pH in the beta-lactamase level detection in complex samples and mice infected with various bacteria, which shows the problem-solving ability in interdisciplinary research, and demonstrates potential clinical benefits.
|
|
| 12. |
- Federico, Carlos Eloy, et al.
(författare)
-
Three-dimensional (3D) morphological and liquid absorption assessment of sustainable biofoams absorbents using X-ray microtomography analysis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Polymer testing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-9418 .- 1873-2348. ; 116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three-dimensional (3D) microstructure of sustainable and biodegradable protein foam absorbents is correlated to their liquid absorption characteristics using X-ray microtomography. The physicochemical relationships between the protein material pore size and liquid penetration and distribution allow for understanding how the pores' interconnectivity impacts the absorption, particularly considering capillary-driven transport phenomena within the thin nano cell walls. The foams were made via lyophilization of protein solutions containing cellulose nanofibers to emphasize the impact of the processing on the foam microstructure. The results show gaseous and solid phases of the foams covering ca. 1000 pores, providing information that cannot be obtained using traditional 2D analysis (SEM). A correlation with the channel tortuosity was established based on the statistical ac-curacy of the diameter and number of pores per mm(3). The relationship between absorption kinetics and physical parameters enables the designing of biofoams with functionality also resembling commercial synthetic products that currently generate a high amount of nondegradable waste in our society.
|
|
| 13. |
- Feng, Zhenhua, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital Domain Power Division Multiplexing DDO-OFDM Transmission with Successive Interference Cancellation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO). - Washington, D.C. : IEEE conference proceedings.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two independent 2.5-Gb/s DDO-OFDM signals are simultaneously transmitted over 25km SMF using digital domain power division multiplexing and successive interference cancellation. With optimized power division ratio and enhanced SD-FEC, the spectral efficiency can be doubled.
|
|
| 14. |
- Feng, Zhenhua, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance-Enhanced Direct Detection Optical OFDM Transmission With CAZAC Equalization
- 2015
-
Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 27:14, s. 1507-1510
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct detection optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DDO-OFDM) transmission with constant amplitude zero autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence equalization is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Simulation results show that more than 2-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction can be realized using CAZAC equalization, and 50-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) transmission of 4.11-Gb/s QPSK-OFDM can be achieved with bit-error rate (BER) under forward error correction limit. Transmission performance of QPSK-based DDO-OFDM system is analyzed in both OB2B configuration and fiber link with and without CAZAC equalization. More than 2.5-dB optical receiver sensitivity improvements can be obtained thanks to the PAPR reduction enjoyed by CAZAC equalization. Signal-to-noise ratio for every subcarrier derived from error vector magnitude is estimated and its flatness is confirmed to be much improved with CAZAC equalization. The performance improvements brought by CAZAC equalization can be extended to other modulation formats, and 8.22-Gb/s 16-quadratic-amplitude modulation-OFDM signals transmission using CAZAC equalization is demonstrated with over 1.5 dB enhancement in receiver sensitivity.
|
|
| 15. |
- Gravgaard Askjær, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-centennial Holocene climate variability in proxy records and transient model simulations
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 296
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variability on centennial to multi-centennial timescales is mentioned as a feature in reconstructions of the Holocene climate. As more long transient model simulations with complex climate models become available and efforts have been made to compile large proxy databases, there is now a unique opportunity to study multi-centennial variability with greater detail and a large amount of data than earlier. This paper presents a spectral analysis of transient Holocene simulations from 9 models and 120 proxy records to find the common signals related to oscillation periods and geographic dependencies and discuss the implications for the potential driving mechanisms. Multi-centennial variability is significant in most proxy records, with the dominant oscillation periods around 120–130 years and an average of 240 years. Spectra of model-based global mean temperature (GMT) agree well with proxy evidence with significant multi-centennial variability in all simulations with the dominant oscillation periods around 120–150 years. It indicates a comparatively good agreement between model and proxy data. A lack of latitudinal dependencies in terms of oscillation period is found in both the model and proxy data. However, all model simulations have the highest spectral density distributed over the Northern hemisphere high latitudes, which could indicate a particular variability sensitivity or potential driving mechanisms in this region. Five models also have differentiated forcings simulations with various combinations of forcing agents. Significant multi-centennial variability with oscillation periods between 100 and 200 years is found in all forcing scenarios, including those with only orbital forcing. The different forcings induce some variability in the system. Yet, none appear to be the predominant driver based on the spectral analysis. Solar irradiance has long been hypothesized to be a primary driver of multi-centennial variability. However, all the simulations without this forcing have shown significant multi-centennial variability. The results then indicate that internal mechanisms operate on multi-centennial timescales, and the North Atlantic-Arctic is a region of interest for this aspect.
|
|
| 16. |
- Huang, Letian, et al.
(författare)
-
A Lifetime-aware Mapping Algorithm to Extend MTTF of Networks-on-Chip
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 23rd Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference Proceedings (ASP-DAC). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509006021 ; , s. 147-152
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fast aging of components has become one of the major concerns in Systems-on-Chip with further scaling of the submicron technology. This problem accelerates when combined with improper working conditions such as unbalanced components' utilization. Considering the mapping algorithms in the Networks-on-Chip domain, some routers/links might be frequently selected for mapping while others are underutilized. Consequently, the highly utilized components may age faster than others which results in disconnecting the related cores from the network. To address this issue, we propose a mapping algorithm, called lifetime-aware neighborhood allocation (LaNA), that takes the aging of components into account when mapping applications. The proposed method is able to balance the wear-out of NoC components, and thus extending the service time of NoC. We model the lifetime as a resource consumed over time and accordingly define the lifetime budget metric. LaNA selects a suitable node for mapping which has the maximum lifetime budget. Experimental results show that the lifetime-aware mapping algorithm could improve the minimal MTTF of NoC around 72.2%, 58.3%, 46.6% and 48.2% as compared to NN, CoNA, WeNA and CASqA, respectively.
|
|
| 17. |
- Jiang, Shuyan, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimizing Dynamic Mapping Techniques for On-Line NoC Test
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 23RD ASIA AND SOUTH PACIFIC DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE (ASP-DAC). - : IEEE. - 9781509006021 ; , s. 227-232
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aggressive scaling of submicron technology, intermittent faults are becoming one of the limiting factors in achieving a high reliability in Network-on-Chip (NoC). Increasing test frequency is necessary to detect intermittent faults, which in turn interrupts the execution of applications. On the other hand, the main goal of traditional mapping algorithms is to allocate applications to the NoC platform, ignoring about the test requirement. In this paper, we propose a novel testing-aware mapping algorithm (TAMA) for NoC, targeting intermittent faults on the paths between crossbars. In this approach, the idle links are identified and the components between two crossbars are tested when the application is mapped to the platform. The components can be tested if there is enough time from when the application leaves the platform and a new application enters it. The mapping algorithm is tuned to give a higher priority to the tested paths in the next application mapping. This leaves enough time to test the links and the belonging components that have not been tested in the expected time. Experiment results show that the proposed testing-aware mapping algorithm leads to a significant improvement over FF, NN, CoNA, and WeNA.
|
|
| 18. |
- Jiang, Shuyan, et al.
(författare)
-
Testing aware dynamic mapping for path-centric network-on-chip test
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Integration. - : Elsevier. - 0167-9260 .- 1872-7522. ; 67, s. 134-143
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aggressive scaling of submicron technology, intermittent faults are becoming one of the limiting factors in achieving high reliability in Network-on-Chip (NoC). Increasing test frequency is necessary to detect intermittent faults, which in turn interrupts the execution of applications. On the other hand, the primary goal of traditional mapping algorithms is to allocate applications to the NoC platform, ignoring the test requirement. In this paper, we propose a novel testing-aware mapping algorithm (TAMA) for NoC, targeting intermittent faults on the paths between crossbars. In this approach, the idle paths are identified, and the components between two crossbars are tested when the application is mapped to the platform. The components can be tested if there is enough time from the time when the application leaves the platform to the time when a new application enters it. The mapping algorithm is tuned to give a higher priority to the tested paths in the next application mapping, which leaves enough time to test the links and the belonging components that have not been tested in the expected time. Experiment results show that the proposed testing-aware mapping algorithm leads to a significant improvement over FF(Fiexitrst Free), NN(Nearest Neighbor), CoNA(Contiguous Neighborhood Allocation), and WeNA(Weighted-based Neighborhood Allocation).
|
|
| 19. |
- Jungclaus, Johann H., et al.
(författare)
-
The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 - Part 3 : The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 10:11, s. 4005-4033
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the fourth phase of the PMIP (PMIP4). The past1000 transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural forcing under background conditions not too different from today, and to discriminate between forced and internally generated variability on interannual to centennial timescales. This paper describes the motivation and the experimental set-ups for the PMIP4-CMIP6 past1000 simulations, and discusses the forcing agents orbital, solar, volcanic, and land use/land cover changes, and variations in greenhouse gas concentrations. The past1000 simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium from 850 Common Era (CE) to 1849 CE have to be complemented by historical simulations (1850 to 2014 CE) following the CMIP6 protocol. The external forcings for the past1000 experiments have been adapted to provide a seamless transition across these time periods. Protocols for the past1000 simulations have been divided into three tiers. A default forcing data set has been defined for the Tier 1 (the CMIP6 past1000) experiment. However, the PMIP community has maintained the flexibility to conduct coordinated sensitivity experiments to explore uncertainty in forcing reconstructions as well as parameter uncertainty in dedicated Tier 2 simulations. Additional experiments (Tier 3) are defined to foster collaborative model experiments focusing on the early instrumental period and to extend the temporal range and the scope of the simulations. This paper outlines current and future research foci and common analyses for collaborative work between the PMIP and the observational communities (reconstructions, instrumental data).
|
|
| 20. |
- Kamada, Ayaka, et al.
(författare)
-
Hierarchical propagation of structural features in protein nanomaterials
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3372 .- 2040-3364. ; 14:6, s. 2502-2510
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural high-performance materials have inspired the exploration of novel materials from protein building blocks. The ability of proteins to self-organize into amyloid-like nanofibrils has opened an avenue to new materials by hierarchical assembly processes. As the mechanisms by which proteins form nanofibrils are becoming clear, the challenge now is to understand how the nanofibrils can be designed to form larger structures with defined order. We here report the spontaneous and reproducible formation of ordered microstructure in solution cast films from whey protein nanofibrils. The structural features are directly connected to the nanostructure of the protein fibrils, which is itself determined by the molecular structure of the building blocks. Hence, a hierarchical assembly process ranging over more than six orders of magnitude in size is described. The fibril length distribution is found to be the main determinant of the microstructure and the assembly process originates in restricted capillary flow induced by the solvent evaporation. We demonstrate that the structural features can be switched on and off by controlling the length distribution or the evaporation rate without losing the functional properties of the protein nanofibrils.
|
|
| 21. |
- Lamichhaney, Sangeet, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
-
Structural genomic changes underlie alternative reproductive strategies in the ruff (Philomachus pugnax)
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 48:1, s. 84-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ruff is a Palearctic wader with a spectacular lekking behavior where highly ornamented males compete for females1,2,3,4. This bird has one of the most remarkable mating systems in the animal kingdom, comprising three different male morphs (independents, satellites and faeders) that differ in behavior, plumage color and body size. Remarkably, the satellite and faeder morphs are controlled by dominant alleles5,6. Here we have used whole-genome sequencing and resolved the enigma of how such complex phenotypic differences can have a simple genetic basis. The Satellite and Faeder alleles are both associated with a 4.5-Mb inversion that occurred about 3.8 million years ago. We propose an evolutionary scenario where the Satellite chromosome arose by a rare recombination event about 500,000 years ago. The ruff mating system is the result of an evolutionary process in which multiple genetic changes contributing to phenotypic differences between morphs have accumulated within the inverted region.
|
|
| 22. |
- Li, Doudou, et al.
(författare)
-
Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and multiple health outcomes : an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 116:1, s. 230-243
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite produced from dietary nutrients. Many studies have discovered that circulating TMAO concentrations are linked to a wide range of health outcomes.Objectives: This study aimed to summarize health outcomes related to circulating TMAO concentrations.Methods: We searched the Embase. Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to 15 February, 2022 to identify and update meta-analyses examining the associations between 'TAO and multiple health outcomes. For each health outcome, we estimated the summary effect size. 95% prediction CI. between-study heterogeneity. evidence of small-study effects, and evidence of excess-significance bias. These metrics were used to evaluate the evidence credibility of the identified associations.Results: This umbrella review identified 24 meta-analyses that investigated the association between circulating 'TAO concentrations and health outcomes including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer. and renal function. We updated these meta-analyses by including a total of 82 individual studies on 18 unique health outcomes. Among them, 14 associations were nominally significant. After evidence credibility assessment, we found 6 (33%) associations (i.e., all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, hypertension. DM, and glomerular filtration rate) to present highly suggestive evidence.Conclusions: TMAO might be a novel biomarker related to human health conditions including all-cause mortality, hypertension. CVD, DM. cancer, and kidney function. Further studies are needed to investigate whether circulating 'MAO concentrations could be an intervention target for chronic disease.
|
|
| 23. |
- Li, Ya Ting, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in treatment of acute pediatric diarrhea : A systematic review with meta-analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327. ; 25:33, s. 4999-5016
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a major infectious cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. In clinical trials, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53013 (LGG) has been used to treat diarrhea. However, recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) found no evidence of a beneficial effect of LGG treatment. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of LGG in treating acute diarrhea in children. METHODS The EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science databases, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to April 2019 for metaanalyses and RCTs. The Cochrane Review Manager was used to analyze the relevant data. RESULTS Nineteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria and showed that compared with the control group, LGG administration notably reduced the diarrhea duration [mean difference (MD) -24.02 h, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-36.58, -11.45)]. More effective results were detected at a high dose . 1010 CFU per day [MD -22.56 h, 95%CI (-36.41, -8.72)] vs a lower dose. A similar reduction was found in Asian and European patients [MD -24.42 h, 95%CI (-47.01, -1.82); MD -32.02 h, 95%CI (- 49.26, -14.79), respectively]. A reduced duration of diarrhea was confirmed in LGG participants with diarrhea for less than 3 d at enrollment [MD -15.83 h, 95%CI (-20.68, -10.98)]. High-dose LGG effectively reduced the duration of rotavirus-induced diarrhea [MD -31.05 h, 95%CI (-50.31, -11.80)] and the stool number per day [MD -1.08, 95%CI (-1.87, -0.28)]. CONCLUSION High-dose LGG therapy reduces the duration of diarrhea and the stool number per day. Intervention at the early stage is recommended. Future trials are expected to verify the effectiveness of LGG treatment.
|
|
| 24. |
- Li, Zhong-Yu, et al.
(författare)
-
Restricted Rotation of sigma-Bonds through a Rigidified Donor Structure to Increase the ICT Ability of Platinum-Acetylide-Based DSSCs
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Chemistry - An Asian Journal. - : Wiley. - 1861-4728 .- 1861-471X. ; 8:11, s. 2660-2669
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of new triarylamine-based platinum-acetylide complexes (WYs) have been designed and synthesized as new sensitizers for applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). With the aim of investigating the effect of a rigidifying donor structure on the photoelectrical parameters of the corresponding DSSCs, two new sensitizers, WY1 and WY2, with rigid and coplanar fluorene units as an electron donor, were prepared. Moreover, two sensitizers that contained triphenylamine units as an electron donor, WY3 and WY4, were also synthesized for comparison. The photo- and electrochemical properties of all of these new complexes have been extensively explored. We found that the dimethyl-fluorene unit exhibited a stronger electron-donating ability and better photovoltaic performance compared to the triphenylamine unit, owing to its rigidifying structure, which restricted the rotation of sigma bonds, thus increasing the conjugation efficiency. Furthermore, WY2, which contained a dimethyl-fluorene unit as an electron donor and bithiophene as a bridge, showed a relatively high open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of 640mV and a PCE of 4.09%. This work has not only expanded the choice of platinum-acetylide sensitizers, but also demonstrates the advantages of restricted rotation of donor sigma bonds for improved behavior of the corresponding DSSCs.
|
|
| 25. |
- Lin, Qing, et al.
(författare)
-
Exosome-like nanoplatform modified with targeting ligand improves anti-cancer and anti-inflammation effects of imperialine
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - : ELSEVIER. - 0168-3659 .- 1873-4995. ; 311, s. 104-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, most anti-cancer therapies are still haunted by serious and deleterious adverse effects. Here, we report a highly biocompatible tumor cell-targeting delivery systems utilizing exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) that delivers a low-toxicity anti-cancer agent imperialine against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, we introduced a novel micelle-aided method to efficiently load imperialine into intact ELVs. Then, integrin alpha 3 beta 1-binding octapeptide cNGQGEQc was modified onto ELV platform for tumor targeting as integrin alpha 3 beta 1 is overexpressed on NSCLC cells. This system not only significantly improved imperialine tumor accumulation and retention, but also had extremely low systemic toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Our discoveries offer new ways to utilize ELV more efficiently for both drug loading and targeting. The solid pharmacokinetics improvement and extraordinary safety of this system also highlight possibilities of alternative long course cancer therapies using similar strategies.
|
|
