| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(författare)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 4. |
- Jia, Xue, et al.
(författare)
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CsPb(IxBr1-x)(3) solar cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science Bulletin. - : ELSEVIER. - 2095-9273. ; 64:20, s. 1532-1539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to its nice performance, low cost, and simple solution-processing, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell (PSC) becomes a promising candidate for next-generation high-efficiency solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) has boosted from 3.8% to 25.2% over the past ten years. Despite the rapid progress in PCE, the device stability is a key issue that impedes the commercialization of PSCs. Recently, all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites have attracted much attention due to their better stability compared with their organic-inorganic counterpart. In this progress report, we summarize the properties of CsPb(IxBr1-x)(3) and their applications in solar cells. The current challenges and corresponding solutions are discussed. Finally, we share our perspectives on CsPb(IxBr1-x)(3) solar cells and outline possible directions to further improve the device performance. (C) 2019 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Lensink, Marc F., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of AlphaFold on structure prediction of protein complexes: The CASP15-CAPRI experiment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proteins. - : WILEY. - 0887-3585 .- 1097-0134.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results for CAPRI Round 54, the 5th joint CASP-CAPRI protein assembly prediction challenge. The Round offered 37 targets, including 14 homodimers, 3 homo-trimers, 13 heterodimers including 3 antibody-antigen complexes, and 7 large assemblies. On average similar to 70 CASP and CAPRI predictor groups, including more than 20 automatics servers, submitted models for each target. A total of 21 941 models submitted by these groups and by 15 CAPRI scorer groups were evaluated using the CAPRI model quality measures and the DockQ score consolidating these measures. The prediction performance was quantified by a weighted score based on the number of models of acceptable quality or higher submitted by each group among their five best models. Results show substantial progress achieved across a significant fraction of the 60+ participating groups. High-quality models were produced for about 40% of the targets compared to 8% two years earlier. This remarkable improvement is due to the wide use of the AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold2-Multimer software and the confidence metrics they provide. Notably, expanded sampling of candidate solutions by manipulating these deep learning inference engines, enriching multiple sequence alignments, or integration of advanced modeling tools, enabled top performing groups to exceed the performance of a standard AlphaFold2-Multimer version used as a yard stick. This notwithstanding, performance remained poor for complexes with antibodies and nanobodies, where evolutionary relationships between the binding partners are lacking, and for complexes featuring conformational flexibility, clearly indicating that the prediction of protein complexes remains a challenging problem.
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| 6. |
- Peng, Liming, et al.
(författare)
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Phase-modulated mechanical and thermoelectric properties of Ag2S1-x Tex ductile semiconductors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Materiomics. - : Elsevier. - 2352-8478 .- 2352-8486. ; 8:3, s. 656-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By virtue of the excellent plasticity and tunable transport properties, Ag2S-based materials demonstrate an intriguing prospect for flexible or hetero-shaped thermoelectric applications. Among them, Ag(2)S1-xTex exhibits rich and interesting variations in crystal structure, mechanical and thermoelectric transport properties. However, Te alloying obviously introduces extremely large order-disorder distributions of cations and anions, leading to quite complicated crystal structures and thermoelectric properties. Detailed composition-structure-performance correlation of Ag2S1-xTex still remains to be established. In this work, we designed and prepared a series of Ag2S1-xTex (x = 0-0.3) materials with low Te content. We discovered that the monoclinic-to-cubic phase transition occurs around x = 0.16 at room temperature. Te alloying plays a similar role as heating in facilitating this monoclinic-to-cubic phase transition, which is analyzed based on the thermodynamic principles. Compared with the monoclinic counterparts, the cubic-structured phases are more ductile and softer in mechanical properties. In addition, the cubic phases show a degenerately semiconducting behavior with higher thermoelectric performance. A maximum zT = 0.8 at 600 K and bending strain larger than 20% at room temperature were obtained in Ag2S0.7Te0.3. This work provides a useful guidance for designing Ag2S-based alloys with enhanced plasticity and high thermoelectric performance.
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| 7. |
- Qiu, Hailong, et al.
(författare)
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Intense ultraviolet upconversion emission from water-dispersed colloidal YF3:Yb3+/Tm3+ rhombic nanodisks
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 6:2, s. 753-757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intense ultraviolet upconversion emission has been observed in water-dispersed uniform rhombic nanodisks (side length of similar to 14 nm and thickness of similar to 2.5 nm) of YF3 co-doped with Yb3+ sensitizer and Tm3+ activator ions, when excited at similar to 980 nm.
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| 8. |
- Tong, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Progress of the key materials for organic solar cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science in China Series B. - Beijing, China : SCIENCE PRESS. - 1674-7291 .- 1869-1870. ; 63:6, s. 758-765
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic solar cells have attracted academic and industrial interests due to the advantages like lightweight, flexibility and roll-to-roll fabrication. Nowadays, 18% power conversion efficiency has been achieved in the state-of-the-art organic solar cells. The recent rapid progress in organic solar cells relies on the continuously emerging new materials and device fabrication technologies, and the deep understanding on film morphology, molecular packing and device physics. Donor and acceptor materials are the key materials for organic solar cells since they determine the device performance. The past 25 years have witnessed an odyssey in developing high-performance donors and acceptors. In this review, we focus on those star materials and milestone work, and introduce the molecular structure evolution of key materials. These key materials include homopolymer donors, D-A copolymer donors, A-D-A small molecular donors, fullerene acceptors and nonfullerene acceptors. At last, we outlook the challenges and very important directions in key materials development.
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| 9. |
- Yang, Qingyu, et al.
(författare)
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Flexible thermoelectrics based on ductile semiconductors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 377, s. 854-858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flexible thermoelectrics provide a different solution for developing portable and sustainable flexiblepower supplies. The discovery of silver sulfide–based ductile semiconductors has driven a shift in thepotential for flexible thermoelectrics, but the lack of good p-type ductile thermoelectric materials hasrestricted the reality of fabricating conventional cross-plane p-shaped flexible devices. We report aseries of high-performance p-type ductile thermoelectric materials based on the composition-performance phase diagram in AgCu(Se,S,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions, with high figure-of-meritvalues (0.45 at 300 kelvin and 0.68 at 340 kelvin) compared with other flexible thermoelectricmaterials. We further demonstrate thin and flexible p-shaped devices with a maximum normalizedpower density that reaches 30 mW cm−2 K−2. This output is promising for the use of flexiblethermoelectrics in wearable electronics.
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| 10. |
- Zhang, Lixiu, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in the Application of Perovskite Materials
- 2023
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Ingår i: NANO-MICRO LETTERS. - : SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV PRESS. - 2311-6706. ; 15:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, the soar of photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has set off a fever in the study of metal halide perovskite materials. The excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance feature allow metal halide perovskite to be employed in a wide variety of applications. This article provides a holistic review over the current progress and future prospects of metal halide perovskite materials in representative promising applications, including traditional optoelectronic devices (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers), and cutting-edge technologies in terms of neuromorphic devices (artificial synapses and memristors) and pressure-induced emission. This review highlights the fundamentals, the current progress and the remaining challenges for each application, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the development status and a navigation of future research for metal halide perovskite materials and devices.
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| 11. |
- Berndt, Sonja I., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
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| 12. |
- Freitag, Daniel F., et al.
(författare)
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Cardiometabolic effects of genetic upregulation of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist: a Mendelian randomisation analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595. ; 3:4, s. 243-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To investigate potential cardiovascular and other effects of long-term pharmacological interleukin 1 (IL-1) inhibition, we studied genetic variants that produce inhibition of IL-1, a master regulator of inflammation. Methods We created a genetic score combining the effects of alleles of two common variants (rs6743376 and rs1542176) that are located upstream of IL1RN, the gene encoding the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra; an endogenous inhibitor of both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta); both alleles increase soluble IL-1Ra protein concentration. We compared effects on inflammation biomarkers of this genetic score with those of anakinra, the recombinant form of IL-1Ra, which has previously been studied in randomised trials of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. In primary analyses, we investigated the score in relation to rheumatoid arthritis and four cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and abdominal aortic aneurysm; 453 411 total participants). In exploratory analyses, we studied the relation of the score to many disease traits and to 24 other disorders of proposed relevance to IL-1 signalling (746 171 total participants). Findings For each IL1RN minor allele inherited, serum concentrations of IL-1Ra increased by 0.22 SD (95% CI 0.18-0.25; 12.5%; p=9.3 x 10(-33)), concentrations of interleukin 6 decreased by 0.02 SD (-0.04 to -0.01; -1,7%; p=3.5 x 10(-3)), and concentrations of C-reactive protein decreased by 0.03 SD (-0.04 to -0.02; -3.4%; p=7.7 x 10(-14)). We noted the effects of the genetic score on these inflammation biomarkers to be directionally concordant with those of anakinra. The allele count of the genetic score had roughly log-linear, dose-dependent associations with both IL-1Ra concentration and risk of coronary heart disease. For people who carried four IL-1Ra-raising alleles, the odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1.15 (1.08-1.22; p=1.8 x 10(-6)) compared with people who carried no IL-1Ra-raising alleles; the per-allele odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1.03 (1.02-1.04; p=3.9 x 10(-10)). Perallele odds ratios were 0.97 (0.95-0.99; p=9.9 x 10(-4)) for rheumatoid arthritis, 0.99 (0.97-1.01; p=0.47) for type 2 diabetes, 1.00 (0.98-1.02; p=0.92) for ischaemic stroke, and 1.08 (1.04-1.12; p=1.8 x 10(-5)) for abdominal aortic aneurysm. In exploratory analyses, we observed per-allele increases in concentrations of proatherogenic lipids, including LDL-cholesterol, but no clear evidence of association for blood pressure, glycaemic traits, or any of the 24 other disorders studied. Modelling suggested that the observed increase in LDL-cholesterol could account for about a third of the association observed between the genetic score and increased coronary risk. Interpretation Human genetic data suggest that long-term dual IL-1 alpha/beta inhibition could increase cardiovascular risk and, conversely, reduce the risk of development of rheumatoid arthritis. The cardiovascular risk might, in part, be mediated through an increase in proatherogenic lipid concentrations. Copyright (C) The Interleukin 1 Genetics Consortium. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY-NC-ND.
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| 13. |
- Geng, Xiumei, et al.
(författare)
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Bioinspired Ultrastable Lignin Cathode via Graphene Reconfiguration for Energy Storage
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 5:4, s. 3553-3561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin extracted from trees is one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth. Quinone, a sub-structure in lignin, can be used for energy storage via reversible redox reactions through absorbing and releasing electrons and protons. However, these efforts have encountered hindrances, such as short life cycle, low cycling efficiency, and a high self-discharge rate. All of these issues are related to electrode dissolution by electrolyte solvents and the insulating nature of lignin. Addressing these critical challenges, for the first time we use a reconfigurable and hierarchical graphene cage to capture the lignin by mimicking the prey-trapping of venus flytraps. The reconfigurable graphene confines the lignin within the electrode to prevent its dissolution, while acting as a three-dimensional current collector to provide efficient electron transport pathways during the electrochemical reactions. This bioinspired design enables the best cycling performance of lignin reported so far at 88% capacitance retention for 15000 cycles and 211 F g-1 capacitance at a current density of 1.0 A g-1. This study demonstrates a feasible and effective strategy for solving the long-term cycling difficulties of lignin-based electrochemically active species, and makes it possible to utilize lignin as an efficient, cheap, and renewable energy storage material.
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| 14. |
- Heid, Iris M, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 949-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an additional 29 studies (comprising up to 113,636 subjects). We identified 13 new loci in or near RSPO3, VEGFA, TBX15-WARS2, NFE2L3, GRB14, DNM3-PIGC, ITPR2-SSPN, LY86, HOXC13, ADAMTS9, ZNRF3-KREMEN1, NISCH-STAB1 and CPEB4 (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁹ to P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁴⁰) and the known signal at LYPLAL1. Seven of these loci exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, all with a stronger effect on WHR in women than men (P for sex difference = 1.9 × 10⁻³ to P = 1.2 × 10⁻¹³). These findings provide evidence for multiple loci that modulate body fat distribution independent of overall adiposity and reveal strong gene-by-sex interactions.
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| 15. |
- Hu, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Low-Carbohydrate Diet Scores and Mortality Among Adults With Incident Type 2 Diabetes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Diabetes care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 46:4, s. 874-884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The current study aims to prospectively examine the association between postdiagnosis low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) patterns and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Among participants with incident diabetes identified in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, an overall total LCD score (TLCDS) was calculated based on the percentage of energy as total carbohydrates. In addition, vegetable (VLCDS), animal (ALCDS), healthy (HLCDS), and unhealthy (ULCDS) LCDS were further derived that emphasized different sources and quality of macronutrients. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models were used to assess the association between the LCDS and mortality. RESULTS: Among 10,101 incident T2D cases contributing 139,407 person-years during follow-up, we documented 4,595 deaths of which 1,389 cases were attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 881 to cancer. The pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs, 95% CIs) of total mortality per 10-point increment of postdiagnosis LCDS were 0.87 (0.82, 0.92) for TLCDS, 0.76 (0.71, 0.82) for VLCDS, and 0.78 (0.73, 0.84) for HLCDS. Both VLCDS and HLCDS were also associated with significantly lower CVD and cancer mortality. Each 10-point increase of TLCDS, VLCDS, and HLCDS from prediagnosis to postdiagnosis period was associated with 12% (7%, 17%), 25% (19%, 30%), and 25% (19%, 30%) lower total mortality, respectively. No significant associations were observed for ALCDS and ULCDS. CONCLUSIONS: Among people with T2D, greater adherence to LCD patterns that emphasize high-quality sources of macronutrients was significantly associated with lower total, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.
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| 16. |
- Huang, Kun, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced peak growth of global vegetation and its key mechanisms
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 2:12, s. 1897-1905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The annual peak growth of vegetation is critical in characterizing the capacity of terrestrial ecosystem productivity and shaping the seasonality of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The recent greening of global lands suggests an increasing trend of terrestrial vegetation growth, but whether or not the peak growth has been globally enhanced still remains unclear. Here, we use two global datasets of gross primary productivity (GPP) and a satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to characterize recent changes in annual peak vegetation growth (that is, GPPmax and NDVImax). We demonstrate that the peak in the growth of global vegetation has been linearly increasing during the past three decades. About 65% of the NDVImax variation is evenly explained by expanding croplands (21%), rising CO2 (22%) and intensifying nitrogen deposition (22%). The contribution of expanding croplands to the peak growth trend is substantiated by measurements from eddy-flux towers, sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and a global database of plant traits, all of which demonstrate that croplands have a higher photosynthetic capacity than other vegetation types. The large contribution of CO2 is also supported by a meta-analysis of 466 manipulative experiments and 15 terrestrial biosphere models. Furthermore, we show that the contribution of GPPmax to the change in annual GPP is less in the tropics than in other regions. These multiple lines of evidence reveal an increasing trend in the peak growth of global vegetation. The findings highlight the important roles of agricultural intensification and atmospheric changes in reshaping the seasonality of global vegetation growth.
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| 17. |
- Huang, Liming, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and dynamics of water in the blended pastes unraveled by thermoporometry and dielectric properties
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Research. - 0008-8846. ; 174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water distribution in hardened paste and its dynamics determine many properties related to durability. Moisture distribution was determined by thermoporometry combined with vacuum drying. Dynamics of confined water were measured by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Water in pores <2.4 nm cannot form tetrahedral ice structure due to geometrical constraints. The volume of unfrozen water (in interlayer and gel pores) decreases after the drying at all relative humidity levels. An evident coarsening of gel pores occurs with drying between 75 % and 55 % RH. 35 % fly ash and slag have limited effects on relaxation processes of silanol hydroxyl groups and interlayer water. However, they slow down the dynamics of water in small gel pores, thereby enhancing interactions between water and the solid interface. This study clarifies the microstructural changes during the drying and reveals the sensitivity of water dynamics to the chemical environment in C-S-H of blended pastes.
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| 18. |
- Huang, Liming, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the performance of alkali-activated slag mortar with electro/chemically treated carbon fiber textile
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkali-activated slag is a widely used low-carbon binder. Incorporation of textile can mitigate the brittle weakness of alkali-activated composites. The bonding between fibers and matrix is critical for the performance of textile reinforced mortar. This paper is focused on the effect of different treatment methods on the bonding properties of carbon fiber in alkali-activated slag. The interfacial shear strength of fiber bundles in matrix was determined by the pull-out test. The flexural strength of the reinforced mortar was evaluated by a repeated bending. A scanning electron microscopy test was performed to characterize the interfacial properties of the fiber bundles. The results show that the interfacial shear strength of carbon fibers in matrix is improved by the electroplating with calcium silica slurry (CSS), impregnation in different solutions, and plasma treatments. An electroplating in CSS has the best improvement in the bonding strength with an increase by 620%. The CSS treatment increases the maximum flexural strength of CFT reinforced mortar with 22.5% and 30% at 7 and 28 d respectively, and it significantly inhibits the crack growth under the cyclic loading. This effect becomes more significant after a longer curing age. The electroplating treatment eliminates the cracks in the interface of fiber yarns. Slag reacts with the plated portlandite to strengthen the bonding between mortar and fiber bundles, so it has a better inhibiting effect on the crack growth after a longer curing. © 2023 The Authors
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| 19. |
- Huang, Liming, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of calcination temperature on the structure and hydration of MgO
- 2020
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618. ; 262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of magnesium oxide-based cements and expansion agent closely relates to the reactivity of MgO. This paper systematically investigates the structure and hydration properties of MgO calcined from amorphous magnesite at a wide range of temperatures from 400 to 1150 ℃. XRD, SEM, BET and PSD tests were carried out to determine the structure and particle properties of MgO. The hydration reactivity of MgO was indexed with isothermal calorimeter, DTG, XRD and TEM test. Increasing temperature augments the crystallinity and size of MgO nanograins from about 23.85 nm to 86.37 nm, decreases the specific surface area but makes the particles agglomerate into smaller size. The increasing temperature prolongs the induction period and retards the hydration rate of main peak. The total cumulative heat from complete hydration of MgO is with a similar value of about 800 J/g. The hydration reactivity of MgO can be accurately indexed by its heat release. MgO calcined at 700 ℃ has high reactivity and it dissolves quickly leading to the precipitation of needle Mg(OH)2 initially. The needle brucite has poor crystallinity but it transforms into flake and clavate shape. MgO calcined at 1150 ℃ has very low dissolving rate. The dissolution starts from the (1 1 0) truncation at <1 0 0> edges, and then the cuts at (1 1 1) occur to create an octahedron shape. Some clavate brucite initially precipitates instead of needle brucite during the hydration of low reactive MgO.
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| 20. |
- Huang, Liming, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Moisture and ion transport properties in blended pastes and their relation to the refined pore structure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-8846. ; 161:106949
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study of the moisture transport properties in blended pastes measured by a new procedure and setup. The dependence of moisture transport coefficient on relative humidity (RH) is confirmed. The differences in the moisture dependency may be due to discrepancies in the critical RH for the percolation of liquid. Fly ash and slag increase the percentage of mesopores or “ink-bottle” pores with a mesoscale neck and they strongly reduce the pore connectivity in pastes. These effects cause the evident reduction in the moisture and chloride diffusivity. The additional replacement with limestone filler has little effect on the pore connectivity. The formation factor controls the moisture transport at the high RH interval, but the volume of small pores (middle capillary and mesopores) is the major determinant at a low RH interval. The relationship between water-binder ratio, pore structure and moisture transport or chloride migration coefficient is discussed.
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| 21. |
- Huang, Liming, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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New insights into the reaction of tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) with solutions to the end of the induction period
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-8846. ; 152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although dissolution theory is widely used, in certain circumstance, it seems to be unable to explain the hydration of C3S. In this article, more attention is paid to the nucleation of hydration products. We find that the precipitation of C-S-H is a nonclassical nucleation process. It starts with nucleation of primary particles and then grows by particle attachment. A sharp increase in the reaction rate after induction period may come from the accelerating growth rate of C-S-H instead of dissolution of etch pits. The duration of induction period relates to the size of primary floc. Potassium salts influence the primary globule floc size and mitigate the effect from Al. The pH impacts ion species in solution to affect the dissolution and precipitation. A hypothesis regarding the dissolution of C3S and nucleation of C-S-H within the near-surface region may narrow the gap between dissolution theory and protective layer theory.
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| 22. |
- Huang, Liming, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Non-destructive test system to monitor hydration and strength development of low CO2 concrete
- 2023
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - 0950-0618. ; 408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Application of supplementary cementitious materials for production of low CO2 concrete affects the reaction kinetics, which alters the setting time and strength development. The different early-age behavior is of concern for quality control of concrete. Non-destructive test is very useful for monitoring the quality of low CO2 binder systems. This paper presents a new technique to monitor the electrical conductivity and temperature at different depths of hydrating concrete. Indices from monitoring system (conductivity, maturity and formation factor) are compared with data from widely-used methods (ultrasonic pulse velocity, penetration resistance and isothermal calorimetry). Results show that indices from the system can replicate the hydration evolution, setting time and compressive strength of low CO2 concrete. Electrical conductivity of concrete is very sensitive to mineral reactions and it reflects the hydration kinetic consistent with evolution of heat release. Linear correlations are found for penetration resistance in relation to ultrasonic pulse velocity, formation factor and maturity, respectively. The effects of binder type and water-to-binder ratio on hardening are strongly dependent on temperature. The proposed approach enables to include all these factors in characterizing the hardening process of concrete onsite. It is shown that formation factor performs better than ultrasonic pulse velocity on indicating the setting process. Formation factor is also a good parameter for quantitative description of compressive strength development, which is independent of the binder types, mixture proportions and curing ages.
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| 23. |
- Huang, Liming, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time monitoring the electrical properties of pastes to map the hydration induced microstructure change in cement-based materials
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Composites. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-9465. ; 132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of the supplementary materials (SCMs) on the moisture content and ion diffusivity at different hydration time is important for the service life modelling of modern concrete. This study designed a simple but valid method to monitor the microstructure change in pastes during hydration. A procedure easy to implement was proposed to detect the water content in pastes. The electrical conductivity of pore solution was evaluated by the evaporable water content in pastes and chemical composition in the binders. Results show that the electrical properties of pastes (conductivity, formation factor and its growth rate) can effectively indicate the hydration reactivity of binder, pore connectivity and volume of pore solution in the hardened pastes. The effect of waterbinder ratio and SCMs on the structure of pastes are effectively indexed by the formation factor which is the conductivity of pore solution divided by that of paste. The inflection point of average growth rate of formation factor is a good index for the final setting of pastes. The relation between volume of evaporable water and formation factor is well demonstrated by the extended percolation theory. The real-time monitored electrical conductivity and formation factor of pastes can be used to calculate the chloride migration coefficient in hardened cement pastes.
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| 24. |
- Huang, Liming, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Recycling of the end-of-life lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) with a novel approach
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work proposed an environmental-friendly approach for high-grade recycling of the end-of-life LWAC. The mechanical performance of mortar with recycled powder (RP), mortar with recycled fine aggregate (RFA) and recycled lightweight aggregate concrete (RLWAC) were investigated. Microstructure of mortar and RLWAC was detected to identify the properties of interfacial transition zone (ITZ). RP can prolong the setting of reference cement and the 10% dosage is better than 2% in not only retarding effect but also strength development. An appropriate content of RFA is beneficial for compressive strength. Replacing standard sand with 10% RFA increases the compressive strength of mortar by approximately 10%. However, a high replacement content (40%) of RFA brings about a reduction of compressive strength. The amount of RFA below 20% will not increase the dry shrinkage of mortar. The compressive strength of RLWAC is reduced by 10% RLWA but it has a significant increase when the replacement content reaches 30%. In mortar with RFA, cracks initiate from the ITZ of new sand and new paste and few cracks generate from old paste and old sand. Four types of ITZ that have distinct features are observed between cement paste and LWA in RLWAC.
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| 25. |
- Huang, Liming, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Using water vapour and N2 isotherms to unveil effects of SCMs on nanopores and evaluate hydration degree
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-8846. ; 164:February 2023
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanopores are critical for the durability of cement-based materials, but the refinement of these pores by SCMs is yet to have a clear understanding. This paper studied effects of the water–binder ratio, SCMs and the drying on the distribution of nanopores using water vapour and N2 sorption isotherms. Results show that data of water vapour sorption can be used for a practical evaluation of the hydration degree of SCMs with thermodynamic simulation. Fly ash increases the volume of large gel and capillary pores. It lowers the difference between the sorption of water vapour and N2. Slag evidently refines the nanopores by increasing the volume of ink-bottle gel pores with an interlayer-size neck. A higher w/b produces more large pores to reduce the effect of drying. Removal of water induces contraction of interlayer and reduces gel pores volume, which causes large difference between sorption of water vapour and N2.
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