| 1. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
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| 2. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 3. |
- Jia, Zhenrong, et al.
(författare)
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Near-infrared absorbing acceptor with suppressed triplet exciton generation enabling high performance tandem organic solar cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing the energy loss of sub-cells is critical for high performance tandem organic solar cells, while it is limited by the severe non-radiative voltage loss via the formation of non-emissive triplet excitons. Herein, we develop an ultra-narrow bandgap acceptor BTPSeV-4F through replacement of terminal thiophene by selenophene in the central fused ring of BTPSV-4F, for constructing efficient tandem organic solar cells. The selenophene substitution further decrease the optical bandgap of BTPSV-4F to 1.17 eV and suppress the formation of triplet exciton in the BTPSV-4F-based devices. The organic solar cells with BTPSeV-4F as acceptor demonstrate a higher power conversion efficiency of 14.2% with a record high short-circuit current density of 30.1 mA cm(-2) and low energy loss of 0.55 eV benefitted from the low non-radiative energy loss due to the suppression of triplet exciton formation. We also develop a high-performance medium bandgap acceptor O1-Br for front cells. By integrating the PM6:O1-Br based front cells with the PTB7-Th:BTPSeV-4F based rear cells, the tandem organic solar cell demonstrates a power conversion efficiency of 19%. The results indicate that the suppression of triplet excitons formation in the near-infrared-absorbing acceptor by molecular design is an effective way to improve the photovoltaic performance of the tandem organic solar cells. Reducing energy loss of sub-cells is critical for high performance tandem organic solar cells. Here, the authors design and synthesize an ultra-narrow bandgap acceptor through replacement of terminal thiophene by selenophene in the central fused ring, achieving efficiency of 19% for tandem cells.
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| 4. |
- Sun, Shiguo, et al.
(författare)
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ECL performance of ruthenium tris-bipyridyl complexes covalently linked with phenothiazine through different bridge
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 39:37, s. 8626-8630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three ruthenium complexes 1a, 1b and 1c were synthesized, in which the phenothiazine moiety was covalently linked to the ruthenium complex through a 4 carbon chain and amide bond, respectively. The results demonstrate that one PTZ moiety is preferred to reach a good ECL performance, and the 4 carbon chain linked complex 1a exhibits the highest ECL enhancement (up to about 9 times), in comparison with the commonly utilized parent Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), permitting a lower detection limit of 1.0 x 10(-14) M with signal to noise of 3 for 20 mM DBAE at Au electrode.
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| 5. |
- Sun, Shiguo, et al.
(författare)
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Intra- and intermolecular interaction ECL study of novel ruthenium tris-bipyridyl complexes with different amine reductants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; :38, s. 7969-7974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridyl complexes covalently linked with different amine reductants such as tripropylamine (TPrA), ethanolamine and diethanolamine for an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system have been synthesized. Their ECL property at different working electrodes has been studied with and without the presence of TPrA, triethanolamine (TEOA) and 2-(dibutylamino) ethanol (DBAE) as the coreactant, respectively. The results demonstrate that the conjugated ruthenium complex alone can generate ECL through intramolecular interaction at a relatively low concentration, while with intermolecular interaction the ECL intensity increases progressively and becomes increasingly dominant with increasing complex concentration. For the coreactant system ECL, the amine coreactant needed for the conjugate complexes can be significantly lowered in comparison with that of the well known [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)/TPrA system. One amine substituent is better for the system in order to diminish the steric hindrance, and the intramolecular amine reductant employed should have a similar structure with that of the additive amine coreactant to achieve a good ECL performance, which can pave a new route to further improving the ECL efficiency and increase the sensitivity of detection through combining both intra-and intermolecular interaction.
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| 6. |
- Sun, Shiguo, et al.
(författare)
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Study of Highly Efficient Bimetallic Ruthenium Tris-bipyridyl ECL Labels for Coreactant System
- 2009
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 81:24, s. 10227-10231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of bimetallic ruthenium complexes [(bpy)(2)Ru(bpy)(CH2)(n)(bpy)Ru(bpy)(2)](4+) (1, where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridinyl, n = 3, 5, 8) for the coreactant electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system have been synthesized. Their ECL property at different working electrode has been studied in 0.1 M phosphate buffer by using tripropylamine (TPrA) and 2-(dibutylamino) ethanol (DBAE) as the coreactant. The results demonstrate that the ECL intensity depends largely on the length of the saturated carbon chain linkage: the longer is the carbon chain, the higher is the ECL intensity. A remarkable ECL enhancement (up to about 25 times), in comparison with the commonly used metallic [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+), has been observed from 1c (n = 8) at Pt electrode. With 20 mM TPrA, the log of the ECL intensity increases linearly with the log of complex 1c concentrations over the concentration range of 1.0 x 10(-16) to 1.0 x 10(-6) M at glassy carbon electrode. The detection limit is 1.0 x 10(-16) M at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. This is the highest ECL detection limit for bimetallic system reported until now. The study provides a general methodology to further improve and tune the ECL efficiency by using multimetallic ruthenium complexes.
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| 7. |
- Barash, Uri, et al.
(författare)
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Heparanase promotes glioma progression via enhancing CD24 expression
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : WILEY. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 145:6, s. 1596-1608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heparanase is an endo-beta-d-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Compelling evidence tie heparanase levels with all steps of tumor formation including tumor initiation, growth, metastasis and chemo-resistance, likely involving augmentation of signaling pathways and gene transcription. In order to reveal the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the protumorigenic properties of heparanase, we established an inducible (Tet-on) system in U87 human glioma cells and applied gene array methodology in order to identify genes associated with heparanase induction. We found that CD24, a mucin-like cell adhesion protein, is consistently upregulated by heparanase and by heparanase splice variant devoid of enzymatic activity, whereas heparanase gene silencing was associated with decreased CD24 expression. This finding was further substantiated by a similar pattern of heparanase and CD24 immunostaining in glioma patients (Pearson's correlation; R = 0.66, p = 0.00001). Noteworthy, overexpression of CD24 stimulated glioma cell migration, invasion, colony formation in soft agar and tumor growth in mice suggesting that CD24 functions promote tumor growth. Likewise, anti-CD24 neutralizing monoclonal antibody attenuated glioma tumor growth, and a similar inhibition was observed in mice treated with a neutralizing mAb directed against L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), a ligand for CD24. Importantly, significant shorter patient survival was found in heparanase-high/CD24-high tumors vs. heparanase-high/CD24-low tumors for both high-grade and low-grade glioma (p = 0.02). Our results thus uncover a novel heparanase-CD24-L1CAM axis that plays a significant role in glioma tumorigenesis.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Are only-children different? Evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment of the Chinese one-child policy
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment of the effects of the Chinese one-child policy on adults in China who were born just before and after the introduction of the policy. We measure risk, uncertainty, and time preferences, as well as subjects' preferences in the social domain, i.e., concerning competitiveness, cooperation, and bargaining. We sampled people from three Chinese provinces born both before and after the introduction of the policy in 1979. We utilize the fact that the one-child policy was introduced at different times and with different degrees of strictness in different provinces. Overall, we find a statistically significant effect only on risk and uncertainty aversion and not on any other preferences in the experiments: Those born after the introduction of the one-child policy are less risk and uncertainty averse. These results hold for various robustness checks and heterogeneity tests. Hence, our results do not confirm the general wisdom and stereotype of only-children in China being "little emperors."Copyright:
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Differences in Competitiveness: Experimental Evidence from China
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experimental evidence from both the lab and the field shows that women on average have a lower propensity to enter a competitive environment. In this paper, we investigate gender differences in competitiveness using a lab-in-the-field experiment and a subject pool consisting of Chinese adults. China provides an interesting environment to study in this regard since the country has promoted gender equality for a long time and the gender gap in earnings is small in a cross-country comparison. However, in many respects, China is still a patriarchal society. Our experimental results show that women perform equally well as men in a piece-rate task and significantly better in a competitive payment environment. Despite this, men are more than twice as likely to voluntarily choose a competitive environment. This gender difference cannot be explained by differences in risk preferences or overconfidence.
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| 11. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Intertemporal choice shifts in households: Do they occur and are they good?
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We examine whether and to what extent joint choices are more or less patient and time-consistent than individual choices in households. We use data from an artefactual field experiment where both individual and joint time preferences were elicited. We find a substantial shift from individual to joint household decisions. Interestingly, joint decisions do not only generate beneficial shifts, i.e., patient and time-consistent shifts. On the contrary, a majority of the observed shifts are impatient and time-inconsistent shifts. A number of observable characteristics are significantly correlated with these shifts in preferences from individual decisions to joint decisions.
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| 12. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Long-run effects of family policies: An experimental study of the Chinese one-child policy
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present lab-in-the-field experimental evidence of the effects of the Chinese one-child policy on individuals’ preferences and behavior as adults. The experiments were conducted in three different provinces because the policy was not strictly implemented at the same time in all provinces. We measure risk and time preferences, as well as subjects’ competitiveness, cooperation, and bargaining behavior, sampling individuals born both before and after the introduction of the policy. Overall, we do not find any sizeable or statistically significant effects of the one-child policy on preferences or behavior in any of the experiments. These results hold for heterogeneity in the timing of the implementation of the OCP in different provinces, for heterogeneity among individuals, and for various robustness checks.
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| 13. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Replication: Do women shy away from competition? Experimental evidence from China
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4870. ; 81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate gender differences in competitiveness using a lab-in-the-field experiment and a subject pool consisting of Chinese adults following the design by Niederle and Vesterlund (2007). China provides an interesting environment to study since the country has promoted gender equality for a long time and the gender gap in earnings is small in cross-country comparisons. However, in many respects, China is still a patriarchal society. Our results show that women perform equally well as men in a piece-rate task and significantly better in a competitive payment environment. Despite this, men are more than twice as likely to choose a competitive environment. This gender difference cannot be explained by differences in confidence or risk preferences.
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| 14. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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The Climate Decade: Changing Attitudes on Three Continents
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We examine how attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for climate policies have changed over the past decade in the United States, China, and Sweden. All three countries exhibit an increased willingness to pay for climate mitigation. Ten years ago, Sweden had a larger fraction of believers in anthropogenic climate change and a higher WTP for mitigation, but today the national averages are more similar. Although we find convergence in public support for climate policy across countries, there is considerable divergence in climate attitudes and preferences within countries, particularly the United States. Political polarization explains part of this divergence.
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| 15. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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The climate decade: Changing attitudes on three continents
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0095-0696 .- 1096-0449. ; 107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using identical surveys a decade apart, we examine how attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for climate policies have changed in the United States, China, and Sweden. All three countries exhibit an increased willingness to pay for climate mitigation. Ten years ago, Sweden had a larger fraction of believers in anthropogenic climate change and a higher WTP for mitigation, but today the national averages are more similar. Although we find convergence in public support for climate policy across countries, there is considerable divergence in both WTP and climate attitudes within countries. Political polarization explains part of this divergence.
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| 16. |
- Davies, Stuart J., et al.
(författare)
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ForestGEO: Understanding forest diversity and dynamics through a global observatory network
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ForestGEO is a network of scientists and long-term forest dynamics plots (FDPs) spanning the Earth's major forest types. ForestGEO's mission is to advance understanding of the diversity and dynamics of forests and to strengthen global capacity for forest science research. ForestGEO is unique among forest plot networks in its large-scale plot dimensions, censusing of all stems ≥1 cm in diameter, inclusion of tropical, temperate and boreal forests, and investigation of additional biotic (e.g., arthropods) and abiotic (e.g., soils) drivers, which together provide a holistic view of forest functioning. The 71 FDPs in 27 countries include approximately 7.33 million living trees and about 12,000 species, representing 20% of the world's known tree diversity. With >1300 published papers, ForestGEO researchers have made significant contributions in two fundamental areas: species coexistence and diversity, and ecosystem functioning. Specifically, defining the major biotic and abiotic controls on the distribution and coexistence of species and functional types and on variation in species' demography has led to improved understanding of how the multiple dimensions of forest diversity are structured across space and time and how this diversity relates to the processes controlling the role of forests in the Earth system. Nevertheless, knowledge gaps remain that impede our ability to predict how forest diversity and function will respond to climate change and other stressors. Meeting these global research challenges requires major advances in standardizing taxonomy of tropical species, resolving the main drivers of forest dynamics, and integrating plot-based ground and remote sensing observations to scale up estimates of forest diversity and function, coupled with improved predictive models. However, they cannot be met without greater financial commitment to sustain the long-term research of ForestGEO and other forest plot networks, greatly expanded scientific capacity across the world's forested nations, and increased collaboration and integration among research networks and disciplines addressing forest science.
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| 17. |
- Furberg, Dorothy
(författare)
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Satellite Monitoring of Urbanization and Indicator-based Assessment of Environmental Impact
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As of 2018, 55% of the world population resides in urban areas. This proportion is projected to increase to 68% by 2050 (United Nations 2018). The Stockholm region is no exception to this urbanizing trend: the population of Stockholm City has risen by 28% since the year 2000. One of the major consequences of urbanization is the transformation of land cover from rural/natural environments to impervious surfaces that support diverse forms of human activity. These transformations impact local geology, climate, hydrology, flora and fauna and human-life supporting ecosystem services in the region where they occur. Mapping and analysis of land-cover change in urban regions and monitoring their environmental impact is therefore of vital importance for evaluating policy options for future growth and promoting sustainable urban development.The overall objective of this research is to investigate the extent of urbanization and analyze its environmental impact in and around selected major cities in North America, Europe and Asia by evaluating change in relevant environmental indicators, from local to regional scales. The urban regions examined are the Greater Toronto Area in Canada, Stockholm City, region and County in Sweden and Shanghai in China. The analyses are based on classifications of optical satellite imagery at medium to high spatial resolutions (i.e, Landsat TM/ETM+, SPOT 1/5, Sentinel-2A MSI and QuickBird-2/WorldView-2) between 1985 and 2018. Various classification techniques (maximum likelihood under urban/rural masks, object-based image analysis with rule-based or support vector machine classifiers) were used with combinations of spectral, shape and textural input features to obtain high accuracy classifications. Environmental indicators such as landscape metrics, urbanization indices, buffer/edge/proximity analysis, ecosystem service valuation and provision bundles as well as habitat connectivity were calculated based on the classifications and used to estimate environmental impact of urbanization.The results reveal urban growth and environmental impact to varying degrees in each of the study sites. Urban areas in the GTA grew by nearly 40% between 1985 and 2005. There, change in landscape metrics and urban compactness measures indicated that low-density built-up areas increased significantly, mainly at the expense of agricultural areas. Urban land cover increasingly surrounded the majority of environmentally significant areas during the examined time-period, furthering their isolation from other natural areas. The study comparing Shanghai and Stockholm County between 1990 and 2010 revealed that urban areas increased ten times as much in Shanghaiivas they did in Stockholm, at 120% and 12% respectively. Fragmentation in both study regions occurred mainly due to the growth of high-density built-up areas in previously more natural environments, while the expansion of low-density built-up areas was mostly in conjunction with pre-existing patches. The growth in urban areas resulted in ecosystem service value losses of approximately 445 million USD in Shanghai, largely due to the decrease in natural coastal wetlands, while in Stockholm the value of ecosystem services changed very little. The remotely sensed data for these studies had the same resolution (30 m) at roughly the same study area extent, which allowed cross-site comparison of regional urbanization and environmental change trends.Analysis of classifications of SPOT data at 20/10 m resolution indicated urban areas in the greater Stockholm metropolitan area increased by 10% between 1986 and 2006. The landscape metrics indicated that natural areas became more isolated or shrank whereas new small urban patches appeared. Large forested areas in the northeast dropped the most in terms of environmental impact ranking, while the most improved analysis units were close to central Stockholm. Land-cover change analysis in Stockholm County between 2005 and 2015 using Sentinel-2 and SPOT-5 data at 10 m resolution indicated that urban areas increased by 15% and non-urban land cover decreased by 4%. This data’s higher spatial resolution combined with the county study area extent allowed for analysis of regional ecosystem services as well as localized impacts on green infrastructure. In terms of ecosystem services, changes in proximity of forest and low-density built-up areas were the main cause of lowered provision of temperature regulation, air purification and noise reduction. Urban areas near nature reserves increased 16%, with examples of their construction along reserve boundaries. Urban expansion overlapped the deciduous ecological corridor network and green wedge/core areas to a small but increasing degree, often in close proximity to weak but important green links in the landscape. The results from the urban land-cover change analysis based on high-resolution (1 m) data over Stockholm City between 2003 and 2018 revealed that the most significant change occurred through the expansion of the transport network, paved surfaces and construction areas, which increased by 12%, mainly at the expense of grass fields and coniferous forest. Examination of urban growth within ecologically significant green infrastructure indicated that most land area was lost in ecological dispersal zones while the highest percent change was within habitat for species of conservation concern (14%). The high-resolution data made it possible to perform connectivity analysis of the habitat network for the European crested tit, representing small coniferous forest-dependent bird species in Stockholm. Habitat network analysis in both years revealed that overall probability of connectivity decreased slightly through patch fragmentation and shrinkage mainly caused by road expansion at the outskirts of the city.vThis research demonstrates the utility of urban and environmental indicators combined with remote sensing data to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of urbanization and its environmental impact in different urban regions. Landscape-metric based bundles were effective for monitoring ecosystem service provision in a moderately urbanizing region. Habitat network analysis based on high-resolution urban land-cover classifications, which has not often been undertaken in previous research, provided informative results. A complementary dual-level analysis approach worked well in several studies. Appropriate indicators at the landscape level yielded an estimation of overall impacts on ecosystem value or service provision for the whole region. More specific indicator analysis at a local level pertaining to green infrastructure highlighted impacted ecological areas as localized manifestations of the regional trends. In addition, comparison of classified remotely sensed urban land-cover data with administrative boundaries and significant green infrastructure can reveal transboundary “hotspots” where environmental impact occurs and where further investigation and coordinated conservation or restorative management efforts may be needed. The combination of study results pertaining to Stockholm allowed comparison of classifications of differing spatial resolutions over the same spatial extent, highlighting advantages and challenges in satellite-based urban land-cover mapping for estimation of environmental impact.
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| 18. |
- Huang, Yaqi, et al.
(författare)
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Application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in dementia research and practice : A scoping review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 27:2, s. 357-371
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) endorsed by the World Health Organization provides a conceptual framework for describing functioning and disability based on a biopsychosocial model. Although dementia is one of the leading causes of disability, yet little is known on the extent to how the ICF has been utilized in dementia research and practice. The study aimed to examine and map the current applications of the ICF with dementia from a body of earlier studies and to explore the potential use in person-centred dementia care.METHODS: The Arksey and O'Malley framework was used to guide the searching, selecting, and synthesizing process. The scoping review was reported following The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.RESULTS: A total of 34 studies were included. The applications of ICF were classified into 4 themes: (1) in clinical practice and the education of health professionals (n = 20); (2) community support services and income support (n = 3); (3) population-based, census, or survey data (n = 10); (4) advocacy and empowerment purposes (n = 1).CONCLUSION: The ICF has made a major impact on dementia in clinical settings. Findings strongly support applying the ICF to person-centered dementia care. In the future, more empirical studies are needed to expand the scope of ICF use in dementia research and practice.
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| 19. |
- Li, Xinlei, et al.
(författare)
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Shaped by uneven Pleistocene climate: mitochondrial phylogeographic pattern and population history of White Wagtail Motacilla alba (Aves: Passeriformes).
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Avian Biology. - : Wiley. - 0908-8857 .- 1600-048X. ; 47, s. 263-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the phylogeography and population history of the white wagtail Motacilla alba, which has a vast breeding range, covering areas with different Pleistocene climatic histories. The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit II gene (ND2) and Control Region (CR) were analyzed for 273 individuals from 45 localities. Our data comprised all nine subspecies of white wagtail. Four primary clades were inferred (M, N, SW and SE), with indications of M. grandis being nested within M. alba. The oldest split was between two haplotypes from the endemic Moroccan M. a. subpersonata (clade M) and the others, at 0.63–0.96 Mya; other divergences were at 0.31–0.38 Mya. The entire differentiation falls within the part of the Pleistocene characterized by Milankovitch cycles of large amplitudes and durations. Clade N was distributed across the northern Palearctic; clade SW in southwestern Asia plus the British Isles and was predicted by Ecological niche models (ENMs) to occur also in central and south Europe; and clade SE was distributed in central and east Asia. e deep divergence within M. a. subpersonata may reflect retention of ancestral haplotypes. Regional differences in historical climates have had different impacts on different populations: clade N expanded after the last glacial maximum (LGM), whereas milder Pleistocene climate of east Asia allowed clade SE a longer expansion time (since MIS 5); clade SW expanded over a similarly long time as clade SE, which is untypical for European species. ENMs supported these conclusions in that the northern part of the Eurasian continent was unsuitable during the LGM, whereas southern parts remained suitable. e recent divergences and poor structure in the mitochondrial tree contrasts strongly with the pronounced, well defined phenotypical differentiation, indicating extremely fast plumage divergence.
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| 20. |
- Liu, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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16% efficiency all-polymer organic solar cells enabled by a finely tuned morphology via the design of ternary blend
- 2021
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Ingår i: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 5:4, s. 914-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A SUMMARY There is an urgent demand for all-polymer organic solar cells (AP-OSCs) to gain higher efficiency. Here, we successfully improve the performance to 16.09% by introducing a small amount of BN-T, a B <- N-type polymer acceptor, into the PM6:PY-IT blend. It has been found that BN-T makes the active layer, based on the PM6:PY-IT:BN-T ternary blend, more crystalline but meanwhile slightly reduces the phase separation, leading to enhancement of both exciton harvesting and charge transport. From a thermodynamic viewpoint, BN-T prefers to reside between PM6 and PY-IT, and the fraction of this fine-tunes the morphology. Besides, a significantly reduced nonradiative energy loss occurs in the ternary blend, along with the coexistence of energy and charge transfer between the two acceptors. The progressive performance facilitated by these improved properties demonstrates that AP-OSCs can possibly comparably efficient with those based on small molecule acceptors, further enhancing the competitiveness of this device type.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Lu, Liu, et al.
(författare)
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High-performance formaldehyde prediction for indoor air quality assessment using time series deep learning
- 2024
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor air pollution resulting from volatile organic compounds (VOCs), especially formaldehyde, is a significant health concern needed to predict indoor formaldehyde concentration (Cf) in green intelligent building design. This study develops a thermal and wet coupling calculation model of porous fabric to account for the migration of formaldehyde molecules in indoor air and cotton, silk, and polyester fabric with heat flux in Harbin, Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Kunming, China. The time-by-time indoor dry-bulb temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and Cf, obtained from verified simulations, were collated and used as input data for the long short-term memory (LSTM) of the deep learning model that predicts indoor multivariate time series Cf from the secondary source effects of indoor fabrics (adsorption and release of formaldehyde). The trained LSTM model can be used to predict multivariate time series Cf at other emission times and locations. The LSTM-based model also predicted Cf with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) that fell within 10%, 10%, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.8, respectively. In addition, the characteristics of the input dataset, model parameters, the prediction accuracy of different indoor fabrics, and the uncertainty of the data set are analyzed. The results show that the prediction accuracy of single data set input is higher than that of temperature and humidity input, and the prediction accuracy of LSTM is better than recurrent neural network (RNN). The method's feasibility was established, and the study provides theoretical support for guiding indoor air pollution control measures and ensuring human health and safety.
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| 23. |
- Nie, Zihan, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Resource scarcity and cooperation: Evidence from a gravity irrigation system in China
- 2020
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Ingår i: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Resource scarcity has become an increasingly pressing challenge to the world. How scarcity affects people's preferences and behavior has been taken as an important issue for development. This study examines the impact of long-term exposure to resource scarcity on farmers’ cooperation. Specifically, we focus on water scarcity in irrigation agriculture, and examine the effect of water scarcity on cooperation in the context of a gravity irrigation system in western China. A historical irrigation water quota system provides an opportunity to measure exogenous variations of water scarcity within an otherwise homogeneous region. We use the ratio of the arable land area to the irrigation water quota of each village as our measure of water scarcity. Moreover, we use the contributions in a public goods game to measure the farmers’ willingness to cooperate. Combining a household survey and a lab-in-the-field experiment with 312 rural residents in northwestern China, we find that irrigation water scarcity significantly increases farmers’ willingness to cooperate. The results are robust to potential endogeneity concerns and many confounding factors. We also find that water scarcity is positively correlated with irrigation management activities and canal conditions. Our findings provide important policy implications for common pool resource management and collective actions in rural communities.
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| 24. |
- Shen, Zhaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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A Multiagent Reinforcement Learning-Assisted Cache Cleaning Scheme for DM-SMR
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0278-0070 .- 1937-4151. ; 42:8, s. 2500-2513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To support nonsequential writes, persistent cache (PC) is constructed in drive managed SMR (DM-SMR) drive. However, PC cleaning introduces drastic performance degradation and enlarges tail latencies. In this article, we propose to utilize reinforcement learning (RL) to mitigate the longtail latency of PC cleaning. Our scheme uses the lightweight Q-learning method to monitor and learn the idle time of I/O workloads, based on which PC cleaning is intelligently guided, thus maximally exploit idle time between requests and hiding tail latency from normal requests. In addition, a multiagent RL scheme with clustering algorithm is adopted to further mitigate the tail latencies and adapt to variable workloads. We emulate a DM-SMR drive inside a Linux device driver to implement our proposed scheme. According to the experimental results, our scheme can effectively reduce the tail latency by 59.45% at the 99.9th percentile and the average latency by 48.75% compared with a typical shingled magnetic recording (SMR) design.
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| 25. |
- Sun, Shiguo, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and DNA photocleavage study of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-(CH2)(n)-MV2+ complexes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 39:18, s. 4411-4416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-(CH2)(n)-MV2+ complexes (1, n = 3, 4, 7) used for DNA photocleavage have been designed and synthesized. Under the irradiation of visible light, complexes 1 can cleave supercoiled plasmid DNA (pBR322) both in air and under Ar atmosphere. Radical species such as O2(-center dot), (OH)-O-center dot and the light-induced charge-separated (CS) oxidation state Ru(bpy)(3)(3+)-(CH2)(n)-MV+center dot are responsible for the cleavage. The longer the carbon chain linkage, the higher the DNA photocleavage efficiency. It is noted that backwards intramolecular electron transfer (ET) that exist in complexes 1 can lead to some decreasing effect on the cleavage result, while inclusion of complexes 1 with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) inhibits the backwards ET to some extent, thereby increasing photocleavage efficiency.
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