| 1. |
- Alalam, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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A High-Throughput Method for Screening for Genes Controlling Bacterial Conjugation of Antibiotic Resistance.
- 2020
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Ingår i: mSystems. - 2379-5077. ; 5:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid horizontal transmission of antibiotic resistance genes on conjugative plasmids between bacterial host cells is a major cause of the accelerating antibiotic resistance crisis. There are currently no experimental platforms for fast and cost-efficient screening of genetic effects on antibiotic resistance transmission by conjugation, which prevents understanding and targeting conjugation. We introduce a novel experimental framework to screen for conjugation-based horizontal transmission of antibiotic resistance between >60,000 pairs of cell populations in parallel. Plasmid-carrying donor strains are constructed in high-throughput. We then mix the resistance plasmid-carrying donors with recipients in a design where only transconjugants can reproduce, measure growth in dense intervals, and extract transmission times as the growth lag. As proof-of-principle, we exhaustively explore chromosomal genes controlling F-plasmid donation within Escherichia coli populations, by screening the Keio deletion collection in high replication. We recover all seven known chromosomal gene mutants affecting conjugation as donors and identify many novel mutants, all of which diminish antibiotic resistance transmission. We validate nine of the novel genes' effects in liquid mating assays and complement one of the novel genes' effect on conjugation (rseA). The new framework holds great potential for exhaustive disclosing of candidate targets for helper drugs that delay resistance development in patients and societies and improve the longevity of current and future antibiotics. Further, the platform can easily be adapted to explore interspecies conjugation, plasmid-borne factors, and experimental evolution and be used for rapid construction of strains.IMPORTANCE The rapid transmission of antibiotic resistance genes on conjugative plasmids between bacterial host cells is a major cause of the accelerating antibiotic resistance crisis. There are currently no experimental platforms for fast and cost-efficient screening of genetic effects on antibiotic resistance transmission by conjugation, which prevents understanding and targeting conjugation. We introduce a novel experimental framework to screen for conjugation-based horizontal transmission of antibiotic resistance between >60,000 pairs of cell populations in parallel. As proof-of-principle, we exhaustively explore chromosomal genes controlling F-plasmid donation within E. coli populations. We recover all previously known and many novel chromosomal gene mutants that affect conjugation efficiency. The new framework holds great potential for rapid screening of compounds that decrease transmission. Further, the platform can easily be adapted to explore interspecies conjugation, plasmid-borne factors, and experimental evolution and be used for rapid construction of strains.
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| 2. |
- Alalam, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Conjugation factors controlling F-plasmid antibiotic resistance transmission
- 2018
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Ingår i: BioRxiv. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The rapid horizontal transmission of many antibiotic resistance genes between bacterial host cells on conjugative plasmids is a major cause of the accelerating antibiotic resistance crisis. Preventing understanding and targeting conjugation, there currently are no experimental platforms for fast and cost-efficient screening of genetic effects on antibiotic resistance transmission by conjugation. We introduce a novel experimental framework to screen for conjugation based horizontal transmission of antibiotic resistance between >60,000 pairs of cell populations in parallel. Plasmid-carrying donor strains are constructed in high throughput. We then mix the resistance plasmid carrying donors with recipients in a design where only transconjugants can reproduce, measure growth in dense intervals and extract transmission times as the growth lag. As proof-of-principle, we exhaustively explored chromosomal genes controlling F plasmid donation within E. coli populations, by screening the Keio deletion collection at high replication. We recover all six known chromosomal gene mutants affecting conjugation and identify >50 novel factors, all of which diminish antibiotic resistance transmission. We verify 10 of the novel genes' effects in a liquid mating assay. The new framework holds great potential for exhaustive disclosing of candidate targets for helper drugs that delay resistance development in patients and societies and improves the longevity of current and future antibiotics.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Adamo, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey with The Hubble Space Telescope : Stellar Cluster Catalogs and First Insights Into Cluster Formation and Evolution in NGC 628
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 841:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the large effort that is producing comprehensive high-level young star cluster (YSC) catalogs for a significant fraction of galaxies observed with the Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey (LEGUS) Hubble treasury program. We present the methodology developed to extract cluster positions, verify their genuine nature, produce multiband photometry (from NUV to NIR), and derive their physical properties via spectral energy distribution fitting analyses. We use the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 628 as a test case for demonstrating the impact that LEGUS will have on our understanding of the formation and evolution of YSCs and compact stellar associations within their host galaxy. Our analysis of the cluster luminosity function from the UV to the NIR finds a steepening at the bright end and at all wavelengths suggesting a dearth of luminous clusters. The cluster mass function of NGC 628 is consistent with a power-law distribution of slopes similar to-2 and a truncation of a few times 10(5) M-circle dot. After their formation, YSCs and compact associations follow different evolutionary paths. YSCs survive for a longer time frame, confirming their being potentially bound systems. Associations disappear on timescales comparable to hierarchically organized star-forming regions, suggesting that they are expanding systems. We find massindependent cluster disruption in the inner region of NGC 628, while in the outer part of the galaxy there is little or no disruption. We observe faster disruption rates for low mass (<= 10(4) M-circle dot) clusters, suggesting that a massdependent component is necessary to fully describe the YSC disruption process in NGC 628.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Babazadeh, Roja, et al.
(författare)
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The Ashbya gossypiiEF-1α promoter of the ubiquitously used MX cassettes is toxic to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- 2011
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Ingår i: FEBS letters. - : Wiley. - 1873-3468 .- 0014-5793.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein overexpression based on introduction of multiple gene copies is well established. To improve purification or quantification, proteins are typically fused to peptide tags. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this has been hampered by multicopy toxicity of the TAP and GFP cassettes used in the global strain collections. Here, we show that this effect is due to the EF-1α promoter in the HIS3MX marker cassette rather than the tags per se. This promoter is frequently used in heterologous marker cassettes, including HIS3MX, KanMX, NatMX, PatMX and HphMX. Toxicity could be eliminated by promoter replacement or exclusion of the marker cassette. To our knowledge, this is the first report of toxicity caused by introduction of a heterologous promoter alone.
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| 7. |
- Bay, Guillaume, et al.
(författare)
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Boreal feather mosses secrete chemical signals to gain nitrogen
- 2013
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 200:1, s. 54-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanistic basis of feather moss-cyanobacteria associations, a main driver of nitrogen (N) input into boreal forests, remains unknown. Here, we studied colonization by Nostoc sp. on two feather mosses that form these associations (Pleurozium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens) and two acrocarpous mosses that do not (Dicranum polysetum and Polytrichum commune). We also determined how N availability and moss reproductive stage affects colonization, and measured N transfer from cyanobacteria to mosses. The ability of mosses to induce differentiation of cyanobacterial hormogonia, and of hormogonia to then colonize mosses and re-establish a functional symbiosis was determined through microcosm experiments, microscopy and acetylene reduction assays. Nitrogen transfer between cyanobacteria and Pleurozium schreberi was monitored by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). All mosses induced hormogonia differentiation but only feather mosses were subsequently colonized. Colonization on Pleurozium schreberi was enhanced during the moss reproductive phase but impaired by elevated N. Transfer of N from cyanobacteria to their host moss was observed. Our results reveal that feather mosses likely secrete species-specific chemo-attractants when N-limited, which guide cyanobacteria towards them and from which they gain N. We conclude that this signalling is regulated by N demands of mosses, and serves as a control of N input into boreal forests.
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| 8. |
- Binggeli, Christian, 1989-
(författare)
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Galaxies in the epoch of reionization : Investigating the high-redshift galaxy population through simulations and observations
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The cosmic reionization is the last major gas phase transition in cosmic history, yet it remains poorly understood. Current constraints indicate that early star-forming galaxies drove the reionization process through producing and releasing large numbers of ionizing photons into the intergalactic medium. However, our understanding of the ionizing escape fraction (fesc) and the general properties of high-redshift galaxies is still limited.In this thesis, simulated galaxies and observations are used to investigate epoch-of-reionization galaxies and to explore methods that can aid future investigations of such objects. Using simulations, we have shown that it may be possible to constrain fesc in epoch-of-reionization galaxies using quite simple diagnostics that should be observable with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We also show that variations in star formation activity larger than those predicted in our simulations may lead to a possible degeneracy with high fesc. However, auxiliary information obtained with the JWST may allow us to disentangle variations in the star formation activity from high fesc.We compare galaxies from several simulations to the recently spectroscopically confirmed z=9.1096 galaxy MACS1149-JD1. We find that none of the simulations are able to reproduce the large Balmer break observed in MACS1149-JD1, and argue that unless it represents an outlier in the high-redshift galaxy population, this may indicate that the simulations fail to capture some key physics. Finally, we present ALMA observations of the z=7.6637 galaxy z7_GSD_3811. This object remains undetected in several commonly detected FIR emission lines and FIR dust emission. Using SED-fitting and by comparing our observations to models and low-redshift observations, we show that our non-detections could indicate that the object is poor in metals and dust.Our findings could help future observers to further constrain the nature of high-redshift galaxies and their role in reionization.
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| 9. |
- Fernandez-Ricaud, Luciano, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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PRECOG: a tool for automated extraction and visualization of fitness components in microbial growth phenomics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bmc Bioinformatics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2105. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Phenomics is a field in functional genomics that records variation in organismal phenotypes in the genetic, epigenetic or environmental context at a massive scale. For microbes, the key phenotype is the growth in population size because it contains information that is directly linked to fitness. Due to technical innovations and extensive automation our capacity to record complex and dynamic microbial growth data is rapidly outpacing our capacity to dissect and visualize this data and extract the fitness components it contains, hampering progress in all fields of microbiology. Results: To automate visualization, analysis and exploration of complex and highly resolved microbial growth data as well as standardized extraction of the fitness components it contains, we developed the software PRECOG (PREsentation and Characterization Of Growth-data). PRECOG allows the user to quality control, interact with and evaluate microbial growth data with ease, speed and accuracy, also in cases of non-standard growth dynamics. Quality indices filter high-from low-quality growth experiments, reducing false positives. The pre-processing filters in PRECOG are computationally inexpensive and yet functionally comparable to more complex neural network procedures. We provide examples where data calibration, project design and feature extraction methodologies have a clear impact on the estimated growth traits, emphasising the need for proper standardization in data analysis. Conclusions: PRECOG is a tool that streamlines growth data pre-processing, phenotypic trait extraction, visualization, distribution and the creation of vast and informative phenomics databases.
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| 10. |
- Frennered, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of pathologic lymph nodes in anal cancer : a PET-CT-based analysis with implications for radiotherapy treatment volumes
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study investigates the patterns of PET-positive lymph nodes (LNs) in anal cancer. The aim was to provide information that could inform future anal cancer radiotherapy contouring guidelines. Methods: The baseline [18F]-FDG PET-CTs of 190 consecutive anal cancer patients were retrospectively assessed. LNs with a Deauville score (DS) of ≥3 were defined as PET-positive. Each PET-positive LN was allocated to a LN region and a LN sub-region; they were then mapped on a standard anatomy reference CT. The association between primary tumor localization and PET-positive LNs in different regions were analyzed. Results: PET-positive LNs (n = 412) were identified in 103 of 190 patients (54%). Compared to anal canal tumors with extension into the rectum, anal canal tumors with perianal extension more often had inguinal (P < 0.001) and less often perirectal (P < 0.001) and internal iliac (P < 0.001) PET-positive LNs. Forty-two patients had PET-positive LNs confined to a solitary region, corresponding to first echelon nodes. The most common solitary LN region was inguinal (25 of 42; 60%) followed by perirectal (26%), internal iliac (10%), and external iliac (2%). No PET-positive LNs were identified in the ischiorectal fossa or in the inguinal area located posterolateral to deep vessels. Skip metastases above the bottom of the sacroiliac joint were quite rare. Most external iliac PET-positive LNs were located posterior to the external iliac vein; only one was located in the lateral external iliac sub-region. Conclusions: The results support some specific modifications to the elective clinical target volume (CTV) in anal cancer. These changes would lead to reduced volumes of normal tissue being irradiated, which could contribute to a reduction in radiation side-effects.
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| 11. |
- Gallo, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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Social Inequalities and Mortality in Europe - Results from a Large Multi-National Cohort
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Socio-economic inequalities in mortality are observed at the country level in both North America and Europe. The purpose of this work is to investigate the contribution of specific risk factors to social inequalities in cause-specific mortality using a large multi-country cohort of Europeans. Methods: A total of 3,456,689 person/years follow-up of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) was analysed. Educational level of subjects coming from 9 European countries was recorded as proxy for socioeconomic status (SES). Cox proportional hazard model's with a step-wise inclusion of explanatory variables were used to explore the association between SES and mortality; a Relative Index of Inequality (RII) was calculated as measure of relative inequality. Results: Total mortality among men with the highest education level is reduced by 43% compared to men with the lowest (HR 0.57, 95% C.I. 0.52-0.61); among women by 29% (HR 0.71, 95% C.I. 0.64-0.78). The risk reduction was attenuated by 7% in men and 3% in women by the introduction of smoking and to a lesser extent (2% in men and 3% in women) by introducing body mass index and additional explanatory variables (alcohol consumption, leisure physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake) (3% in men and 5% in women). Social inequalities were highly statistically significant for all causes of death examined in men. In women, social inequalities were less strong, but statistically significant for all causes of death except for cancer-related mortality and injuries. Discussion: In this European study, substantial social inequalities in mortality among European men and women which cannot be fully explained away by accounting for known common risk factors for chronic diseases are reported.
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| 12. |
- Gjuvsland, Arne B, et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling genetic and epigenetic determinants of ultrafast adaptation.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Molecular systems biology. - : EMBO. - 1744-4292. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major rationale for the advocacy of epigenetically mediated adaptive responses is that they facilitate faster adaptation to environmental challenges. This motivated us to develop a theoretical-experimental framework for disclosing the presence of such adaptation-speeding mechanisms in an experimental evolution setting circumventing the need for pursuing costly mutation-accumulation experiments. To this end, we exposed clonal populations of budding yeast to a whole range of stressors. By growth phenotyping, we found that almost complete adaptation to arsenic emerged after a few mitotic cell divisions without involving any phenotypic plasticity. Causative mutations were identified by deep sequencing of the arsenic-adapted populations and reconstructed for validation. Mutation effects on growth phenotypes, and the associated mutational target sizes were quantified and embedded in data-driven individual-based evolutionary population models. We found that the experimentally observed homogeneity of adaptation speed and heterogeneity of molecular solutions could only be accounted for if the mutation rate had been near estimates of the basal mutation rate. The ultrafast adaptation could be fully explained by extensive positive pleiotropy such that all beneficial mutations dramatically enhanced multiple fitness components in concert. As our approach can be exploited across a range of model organisms exposed to a variety of environmental challenges, it may be used for determining the importance of epigenetic adaptation-speeding mechanisms in general.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Gulevski, Stephanie, et al.
(författare)
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MRI morphological characteristics of lymph nodes in anal squamous cell carcinoma
- 2024
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Ingår i: Abdominal Radiology. - 2366-004X. ; 49:4, s. 1042-1050
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesPre-treatment staging of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) includes pelvic MRI and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT). MRI criteria to define lymph node metastases (LNMs) in ASCC are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological characteristics of lymph nodes (LNs) on MRI in ASCC patients with PET-CT-positive LNs.MethodsASCC patients treated at Skåne University Hospital between 2009 and 2017 were eligible for inclusion if at least one positive LN according to PET-CT and a pre-treatment MRI were present. All PET-CT-positive LNs and PET-CT-negative LNs were retrospectively identified on baseline MRI. Each LN was independently classified according to pre-determined morphological characteristics by two radiologists blinded to clinical patient information.ResultsSixty-seven ASCC patients were included, with a total of 181 PET-CT-positive LNs identified on baseline MRI with a median short-axis diameter of 9.0 mm (range 7.5–12 mm). MRI morphological characteristics of PET-CT-positive LNs included regular contour (87%), round shape (89%), and homogeneous signal intensity on T2-weighed images (67%). An additional 78 PET-CT-negative LNs were identified on MRI. These 78 LNs had a median size of 6.8 mm (range 5.5–8.0 mm). The majority of PET-CT-negative LNs had a regular contour, round shape, and a homogeneous signal that was congruent to the primary tumor.ConclusionsThere are MRI-specific morphological characteristics for pelvic LNs in ASCC. PET-CT-positive and negative LNs share similar morphological features apart from size, with PET-CT-positive LNs being significantly larger. Further studies are needed to determine discrimination criteria for LNM in ASCC.
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| 15. |
- Hallin, J., et al.
(författare)
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Powerful decomposition of complex traits in a diploid model
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explaining trait differences between individuals is a core and challenging aim of life sciences. Here, we introduce a powerful framework for complete decomposition of trait variation into its underlying genetic causes in diploid model organisms. We sequence and systematically pair the recombinant gametes of two intercrossed natural genomes into an array of diploid hybrids with fully assembled and phased genomes, termed Phased Outbred Lines (POLs). We demonstrate the capacity of this approach by partitioning fitness traits of 6,642 Saccharomyces cerevisiae POLs across many environments, achieving near complete trait heritability and precisely estimating additive (73%), dominance (10%), second (7%) and third (1.7%) order epistasis components. We map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and find nonadditive QTLs to outnumber (3:1) additive loci, dominant contributions to heterosis to outnumber overdominant, and extensive pleiotropy. The POL framework offers the most complete decomposition of diploid traits to date and can be adapted to most model organisms.
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| 16. |
- Henriksson, Fredrik, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Production system and material efficiency challenges for large scale introduction of complex materials
- 2017
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Ingår i: <em>Advanced Materials Proceedings</em>. - Linköping : VBRI Press. - 2002-441X .- 2002-4428. ; , s. 492-499
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper links production system research to advanced material research for the vehicle industry. Facilitated by need for reduction of fuel use, the automotive industry is pushing a radical change from using steel structures to new mixed materials structures. In production systems optimised for steel, the changes will affect productivity and material efficiency. Four industrial case studies focusing on production economy and productivity give implications of production technology demands on the material selection regarding new joining techniques and additive or forming methods which has to be investigated when considering new materials. Material efficiency analysis shows that minimising spill in production operations and regulatory demand of recycling need to be considered in material development, which implies both design for disassembly, advanced separation processes and use of recycled raw materials. To be successful in new material introduction, new information flows and knowledge sharing moving from operations and manufacturing development to materials development and design are needed. The material developers could use axiomatic design strategies to structure the production system demands on the materials. State of the art lightweight producers in vehicle and automotive industry are likely early adopters to advanced lightweight structures with need of information flows between material development and operations.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Johnsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Anal cancer in Sweden 2015-2019. Implementation of guidelines, structural changes, national registry and early results
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 61:5, s. 575-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Squamous cell cancer of the anus is an uncommon malignancy, usually caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the recommended treatment in localized disease with cure rates of 60-80%. Local failures should be considered for salvage surgery. With the purpose of improving and equalizing the anal cancer care in Sweden, a number of actions were taken between 2015 and 2017. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation of guidelines and organizational changes and to present early results from the first 5 years of the Swedish anal cancer registry (SACR). Methods The following were implemented: (1) the first national care program with treatment guidelines, (2) standardized care process, (3) centralization of CRT to four centers and salvage surgery to two centers, (4) weekly national multidisciplinary team meetings where all new cases are discussed, (5) the Swedish anal cancer registry (SACR) was started in 2015. Results The SACR included 912 patients with a diagnosis of anal cancer from 2015 to 2019, reaching a national coverage of 95%. We could show that guidelines issued in 2017 regarding staging procedures and radiotherapy dose modifications were rapidly implemented. At baseline 52% of patients had lymph node metastases and 9% had distant metastases. Out of all patients in the SACR 89% were treated with curative intent, most of them with CRT, after which 92% achieved a local complete remission and the estimated overall 3-year survival was 85%. Conclusions This is the first report from the SACR, demonstrating rapid nation-wide implementation of guidelines and apparently good treatment outcome in patients with anal cancer in Sweden. The SACR will hopefully be a valuable source for future research.
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| 19. |
- Kingbäck, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of CYP2D6 genotype on the disposition of the enantiomers of venlafaxine and its major metabolites in postmortem femoral blood
- 2012
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 214:1-3, s. 124-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Venlafaxine (VEN) is an antidepressant drug mainly metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme CYP2D6 to the active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV). VEN is also metabolized to N-desmetylvenlafaxine (NDV) via CYP3A4. ODV and NDV are further metabolized to N,O-didesmethylvenlafaxine (DDV). VEN is a racemic mixture of the S- and R-enantiomers and these have in vitro displayed different degrees of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition. The aim of the study was to investigate if an enantioselective analysis of VEN and its metabolites, in combination with genotyping for CYP2D6, could assist in the interpretation of forensic toxicological results in cases with different causes of deaths. Concentrations of the enantiomers of VEN and metabolites were determined in femoral blood obtained from 56 autopsy cases with different causes of death. The drug analysis was done by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and the CYP2D6 genotyping by PCR and pyrosequencing. The mean (median) enantiomeric S/R ratios of VEN, ODV, NDV and DDV were 0.99 (0.91), 2.17 (0.93), 0.92 (0.86) and 1.08 (1.03), respectively. However, a substantial variation in the relationship between the S- and R-enantiomers of VEN and metabolites was evident (S/R ratios ranging from 0.23 to 17.6). In six cases, a low S/R VEN ratio (mean 0.5) was associated with a high S/R ODV ratio (mean 11.9). Genotyping showed that these individuals carried two inactive CYP2D6 genes indicating a poor metabolizer phenotype. From these data we conclude that enantioselective analysis of VEN and ODV can predict if a person is a poor metabolizer genotype/phenotype for CYP2D6. Knowledge of the relationship between the S- and R-enantiomers of this antidepressant drug and its active metabolite is also important since the enantiomers display different pharmacodynamic profiles.
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| 20. |
- Kurdve, Martin, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations when Modelling EV Battery Circularity Systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Batteries. - : MDPI AG. - 2313-0105. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electric vehicle market is expected to grow substantially in the coming years, which puts new requirements on the end-of-life phase and on the recycling systems. To a larger extent, the environmental footprint from these vehicles is related to raw material extraction and production, and, consequently, a material- and energy-efficient 3R system (reuse, remanufacturing, recycling) is urgently needed. The ability to understand and model the design and development of such a system therefore becomes important. This study contributes to this by identifying factors that affect 3R system design and performance, relating these factors to the various actors and processes of the system and categorising them according to time from implementation to impact. The above is achieved by applying a PEST analysis (political, economic, social and technological factors), differentiating between political, economic, social and technological factors. Data were gathered from literature, by interviews and by a number of workshops in the automotive industry and the 3R system and observations at meetings, etc. The study confirms some previous results on how vehicle battery 3R systems work and adds knowledge about the influencing factors, especially the timeframes and dynamics of the system, necessary for modelling the system and the influencing factors. For practitioners, the results indicate how to use appropriate models and which factors are most relevant to them.
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| 21. |
- Kurdve, Martin, Dr, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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FKG method for collecting data and calculation of climate footprint forcomponents supplied to the automotive industry
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Th is method is developed for the purpose of helping suppliers to the automotive industry present a potential climate footprint of their proposed products to their customers in a quotation stage. The supplier/producer company is responsible for making a complete inventory of all inputs and outputs of the proposed product in accordance with the D ata C o llection T emplate. The method is based on the modelling of a climate footprint for a fictive average product, that can be used to present an estimated potential climate footprint for future product offers. Th e method was developed as integral parts of a climate footprint project coordinated by FKG, representing Swedish automotive component suppliers. The project resulted in this method, including an inventory tool to be used by supplier s to collect data and an average product model and calculator to estimate a potential clim ate footprint of the suppliers products. The inventory data includes information on supplied materials (types and qualities), transportation ( volume , mode, and distance), and energy sources (types and suppliers) used in production during 2021 or 2022 . This data can be used in simulations for future products. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) consultants utilize the inventory to construct a simplified cradle to gate model in software tools like SimaPro, LCA for Experts (formerly GaBi )), or other LCA modelling software tool . This model, which employs a “simple cut off for recycled input materials and recyclable materials from production (“simple cut off” according to Ekvall et al. 2020 as recommended by EPD International see further chapter 2 and 3 for scope and modelling )), either utilizes certified climate data (e. EPDs) from sub suppliers or, more commonly, relies on general Ecoinvent data for materials and energy. A simplified LCA model for the average product from the previous year is documented and serves as the baseline for the calculation . Subsequently, a calculator is developed that can simulate a climate footprint for production of a new product in the factory based on the production volume and material mix from the previous year. In the calculator, the climate footprint of the 'core' for each main process and subprocess is treated as fixed factors proportional to the weight of the product. The upstream part treats the raw material mix (bill of materials) as a variable that can be adjusted for each product, where each raw material has specific materials) as a variable that can be adjusted for each product, where each raw material has specific climate footprint factorsclimate footprint factors.. Validation of the Validation of the method method toto developdevelop an an averageaverage--productproduct--model and the calculator is carried out by model and the calculator is carried out by a a validation bodyvalidation body.. In this first version of the methodIn this first version of the method, , the validation body is the validation body is RISE. The validation proRISE. The validation programgram builds on builds on review of review of assumed dataassumed data andand confirms the use of reasonabconfirms the use of reasonable and le and sufficient sufficient data for thedata for the simplifiedsimplified LCALCA modelmodel. The validation program. The validation program does not verify does not verify thatthat the bill of materials the bill of materials andand bill of bill of processes processes are sufficient are sufficient to produce to produce the the product/product/component butcomponent but validates the reasonableness of thvalidates the reasonableness of this is datadata..
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| 22. |
- Kurdve, Martin, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of daily visual management at five small and medium sized enterprises in Produktionslyftet compared to six larger Swedish companies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares the implementation of daily visual management (DVM) in five SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises), with practice in six large Swedish companies, considering the challenge to include sustainability aspects. With method definition from Produktionslyftet (PL), a Swedish development programme, DVM includes daily meetings around key performance indices (KPIs) and visualised information on boards. The SMEs were studied within PL while the large companies were studied in the research project SuReBPMS (Sustainable and resource efficient Business Performance Measurement Systems). The empirical result from SMEs shows that KPIs often cover few areas (most common: delivery, safety and quality) while the larger companies have wider range of areas. In some SMEs the meeting agendas, KPIs and pulse-boards are standardised while in others there are differences between teams or operations. The larger companies were mainly standardised. Both SMEs and larger companies mostly include all employees in DVM, in line with PL-DVM methodology. The general tendency is to focus on short term rather than follow-up of strategic challenges in the DVM. Furthermore, environmental issues, such as climate impact, are rarely found on boards, while often reflected in company policy. However, many KPIs have a strong, indirect, connection to sustainability and environment.
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- Kurdve, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Lean and green integration into production system models - Experiences from Swedish industry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 85, s. 180-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on integration of operations management, specifically production system models with environmental management and related issues such as quality and safety. Based on knowledge concerning lean-based improvement programmes for company-specific production systems (XPS) and integration between formal management systems, such as ISO 9001 and 14001, industrial practices from integrating management systems with the XPS were studied. A literature-based comparison between formal management systems and XPS is made, indicating integration potentials. The empirical research is an analysis of five vehicle and automotive companies in which various efforts have been made to integrate their management systems with their XPS. The results show that although conscious steps have been taken since the introduction of ISO 14001 in integrating environmental management into everyday operations, there are still obstacles to overcome. To fully include sustainability aspects, the characteristics of the improvement systems have to be adapted and extended. One barrier to extended integration is the lack of integration strategy. There is further a lack of sustainability metrics and adaptation of improvement methods to push companies' operational performance. In addition, organisational issues still arise concerning the responsibility and ownership of environmental management in relation to operations. Based on these results it is concluded that processes for integration are recommended; however, each organisation needs to consider its operations, corporate culture and business opportunities of its environmental management. Still, incorporating environmental management systems into XPS is seen as an effective way of establishing company commonality in continuous improvement, resulting in holistic understanding and improved organisation performance.
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