| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Cui, Xiaolei, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature-dependent electronic properties of inorganic-organic hybrid halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) single crystal
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 111:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the temperature-dependent electronic properties of inorganic-organic hybrid halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) single crystals are investigated. The dynamic current-time measurement results at different temperatures directly demonstrate that the electrical properties of the perovskite single crystal are dependent on the work temperature. We find that the Poole-Frankel conduction mechanism fits the current-voltage curves at small bias voltage (0-1 V) under darkness, which is mainly attributed to the surface defect states. The capability of carriers de-trapping from defects varies with different work temperatures, resulting in an increased current as the temperature increases under both darkness and illumination. In addition, the different transient photocurrent responses of incident light at two wavelengths (470 nm, 550 nm) further confirm the existence of defect states on the single crystal surface. Published by AIP Publishing.
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| 5. |
- Gu, Enyao, et al.
(författare)
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A real-time Raman spectroscopy study of the dynamics of laser-thinning of MoS2 flakes to monolayers
- 2017
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Ingår i: AIP Advances. - : AIP Publishing. - 2158-3226. ; 7:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) in monolayer form have attracted a great deal of attention for electronic and optical applications. Compared to mechanical exfoliation and chemical synthesis, laser thinning is a novel and unique “on-demand” approach to fabricate monolayers or pattern desired shapes with high controllability and reproducibility. Its successful demonstration motivates a further exploration of the dynamic behaviour of this local thinning process. Here, we present an in-situ study of void formation by laser irradiation with the assistance of temporal Raman evolution. In the analysis of time-dependent Raman intensity, an empirical formula relating void size to laser power and exposure time is established. Void in thinner MoS2 flakes grows faster than in thicker ones as a result of reduced sublimation temperature in the two-dimensional (2D) materials. Our study provides useful insights into the laser-thinning dynamics of 2D TMDCs and guidelines for an effective control over the void formation.
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| 6. |
- Guo, Pengfei, et al.
(författare)
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Chloride Induced Secondary Passive Film Failure for Laser Additive Manufacturing Nickel-Based Superalloys during Electrochemical Machining
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 170:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the influence of chloride on the secondary passive film (SPF) on laser directed energy deposition Alloy 718 during electrochemical machining. The results show that SPF formed in chloride-containing electrolyte is more defective than that formed in chloride-free solution, due to the stepped-up cation ejection by chloride. Chloride accelerates the SPF failure via enhanced cation vacancy condensation, SPF dissolution and possibly via surface vacancy pairs' coalescence, restraining the formation of CrO3 and inducing a better surface quality than does the chloride-free electrolyte. Based on the Point Defect Model, a mechanism describing the influence of chloride on SPF was developed.
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| 7. |
- Komatsu, Kimberly J., et al.
(författare)
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Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:36, s. 17867-17873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate prediction of community responses to global change drivers (GCDs) is critical given the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem services. There is consensus that human activities are driving species extinctions at the global scale, but debate remains over whether GCDs are systematically altering local communities worldwide. Across 105 experiments that included over 400 experimental manipulations, we found evidence for a lagged response of herbaceous plant communities to GCDs caused by shifts in the identities and relative abundances of species, often without a corresponding difference in species richness. These results provide evidence that community responses are pervasive across a wide variety of GCDs on long-term temporal scales and that these responses increase in strength when multiple GCDs are simultaneously imposed.Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caused a difference in community composition without a corresponding species richness difference, indicating that species reordering or replacement is an important mechanism of community responses to GCDs and should be given greater consideration when examining consequences of GCDs for the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship. Human activities are currently driving unparalleled global changes worldwide. Our analyses provide the most comprehensive evidence to date that these human activities may have widespread impacts on plant community composition globally, which will increase in frequency over time and be greater in areas where communities face multiple GCDs simultaneously.
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| 8. |
- Ning, Yujie, et al.
(författare)
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Nutrients other than selenium are important for promoting children's health in Kashin-Beck disease areas
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biological Trace Element Research. - : Springer. - 0163-4984 .- 1559-0720. ; 183:2, s. 233-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overall nutritional status has been proved associated with people's health. The overall nutritional status of children in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) areas has been overlooked for decades. Therefore, it is worth investigating in the current generation to gather evidence and make suggestions for improvement. A cross-sectional study with three 24-h dietary recalls was conducted to collect raw data on the daily food intake of children. Recorded food was converted into daily nutrient intakes using CDGSS 3.0 software. WHO AnthroPlus software was used to analyse the BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) for estimating the overall nutrition status of children. All the comparisons and regression analyses were conducted with SPSS 18.0 software. Multiple nutrient intakes among children from the Se-supplemented KBD-endemic were under the estimated average requirement. The protein-to-carbohydrate ratio (P/C ratio) was significantly higher in children from the non-Se-supplemented KBD-endemic area than the other areas (P < 0.001). The children's BAZ was negatively associated with age (B = -0.095, P < 0.001) and the number of KBD relatives (B = -0.277, P = 0.04), and it was positively associated with better housing conditions, receiving colostrum, and daily intakes of niacin and zinc by multivariate regression analysis (F = 10.337, R = 0.609, P < 0.001).Compared to non-Se-supplemented KBD-endemic area and non-endemic areas, children in Se-supplemented KBD-endemic areas have an insufficient intake of multiple nutrients. School breakfast and lunch programmes are recommended, and strict implementation is the key to ensuring a positive effect.
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| 9. |
- Wei, Wendong, et al.
(författare)
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Embodied greenhouse gas emissions from building China's large-scale power transmission infrastructure
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : NATURE RESEARCH. - 2398-9629. ; 4:8, s. 739-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China has built the world's largest power transmission infrastructure by consuming massive volumes of greenhouse gas-(GHG-) intensive products such as steel. A quantitative analysis of the carbon implications of expanding the transmission infrastructure would shed light on the trade-offs among three connected dimensions of sustainable development, namely, climate change mitigation, energy access and infrastructure development. By collecting a high-resolution inventory, we developed an assessment framework of, and analysed, the GHG emissions caused by China's power transmission infrastructure construction during 1990-2017. We show that cumulative embodied GHG emissions have dramatically increased by more than 7.3 times those in 1990, reaching 0.89 GtCO(2)-equivalent in 2017. Over the same period, the gaps between the well-developed eastern and less-developed western regions in China have gradually narrowed. Voltage class, transmission-line length and terrain were important factors that influenced embodied GHG emissions. We discuss measures for the mitigation of GHG emissions from power transmission development that can inform global low-carbon infrastructure transitions.
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| 10. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Causal Graph Discovery for Urban Bus Operation Delays : A case in Stockholm
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bus delays pose significant challenges to urban public transportation systems, impacting operational efficiency and incurring substantial costs. Understanding the causative factors behind bus delays is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate them. However, existing research predominantly relies on correlational analysis, which falls short of revealing the underlying causal relationships among factors. This study introduces a novel data-driven causality-based modeling approach, combining data-driven causal discovery and structure equation models (SEM), to investigate the causal relationships among various operational factors influencing bus delays. It can automatically generate a causal delay graph that elucidates the interconnectedness and influence of operational factors on bus delays, providing a deeper understanding of the causal mechanism of bus delays. We explored and evaluated the performance of different causal discovery algorithms in generating causal graph from both aspects of the data fitting and causality discovery performance. The SEM model is used to quantify the direct causal effects among factors in the causal graph. The case study is conducted to validate the causal discovery model performance using Google Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data from high-frequency bus routes in Stockholm, Sweden. The validation results highlight potential of the data-driven causal discovery models in discovering causality relationships and automating the knowledge discovery process, particularly combining with domain knowledge. The empirical findings show the complexity of factors contributing to bus delays and emphasize the importance of integrating causality into the bus delay factor analysis. For example, a high correlation between origin delay and current arrival delay (coefficient = 0.63) doesn't necessarily indicate causation, and a strong causal link from dwell time and arrival delay also does not reflect a high correlation (coefficient = 0.12). The proof of data-driven causal discovery would facilitate the automated and informed decision-making process to optimize bus services towards better efficiency and reliability.
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| 11. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility Knowledge Graph : Review and its application in public transport
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding human mobility in urban areas is important for transportation, from planning to operations and online control. The availability of large-scale and multi-source mobility data (e.g., smart card data, GPS data) facilitates the understanding of human mobility at a deep level but also brings challenges in organizing and analyzing these data. A knowledge graph (KG) is a graph-based knowledge representation and organization method, which is successfully used in a wide range of applications. However, the application of KG in urban mobility is so far very limited. This paper reviews the existing knowledge graph studies, introduces the concept of mobility knowledge graph (MKG), and proposes a general learning framework to construct MKG from smart card data. Specifically, the MKG is constructed to represent hidden travel activities between any two public transport stations. The stations (entities) and their (hidden) relations are represented as nodes and edges. We develop two generic decomposition approaches to extract the MKG relations from smart card data capturing the latent spatiotemporal travel dependencies, including rule-based and neural network-based models. The case study uses the smart card data from a heavily used urban railway system to validate the effectiveness of MKG in predicting an individual trip destination by comparing it with the ground truth observations and benchmark methods. The implication of establishing an MKG database is significant. It helps with efficient data management and assists applications such as individual mobility prediction/inference and personalized travel recommendations.
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| 12. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility knowledge graph : review and its application in public transport
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transportation. - 0049-4488 .- 1572-9435.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding human mobility in urban areas is crucial for transportation planning, operations, and online control. The availability of large-scale and diverse mobility data (e.g., smart card data, GPS data), provides valuable insights into human mobility patterns. However, organizing and analyzing such data pose significant challenges. Knowledge graph (KG), a graph-based knowledge representation method, has been successfully applied in various domains but has limited applications in urban mobility. This paper aims to address this gap by reviewing existing KG studies, introducing the concept of a mobility knowledge graph (MKG), and proposing a general learning framework to construct MKG from smart card data. The MKG represents hidden travel activities between public transport stations, with stations as nodes and their relations as edges. Two decomposition approaches, rule-based and neural network-based models, are developed to extract MKG relations from smart card data, capturing latent spatiotemporal travel dependencies. The case study is conducted using smart card data from a heavily used urban railway system to validate the effectiveness of MKG in predicting individual trip destinations. The results demonstrate the significance of establishing an MKG database, as it assists in a typical problem of predicting individual trip destinations for public transport systems with only tap-in records. Additionally, the MKG framework offers potential for efficient data management and applications such as individual mobility prediction and personalized travel recommendations.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time bus arrival delays analysis using seemingly unrelated regression model
- 2024
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Ingår i: Transportation. - : Springer Nature. - 0049-4488 .- 1572-9435.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To effectively manage and control public transport operations, understanding the various factors that impact bus arrival delays is crucial. However, limited research has focused on a comprehensive analysis of bus delay factors, often relying on single-step delay prediction models that are unable to account for the heterogeneous impacts of spatiotemporal factors along the bus route. To analyze the heterogeneous impact of bus arrival delay factors, the paper proposes a set of regression equations conditional on the bus location. A seemingly unrelated regression equation (SURE) model is developed to estimate the regression coefficients, accounting for potential correlations between regression residuals caused by shared unobserved factors among equations. The model is validated using bus operations data from Stockholm, Sweden. The results highlight the importance of developing stop-specific bus arrival delay models to understand the heterogeneous impact of explanatory variables. The significant factors impacting bus arrival delays are primarily associated with bus operations, such as delays at consecutive upstream stops, dwell time, scheduled travel time, recurrent congestion, and current traffic conditions. Factors like the calendar and weather have significant but marginal impacts on arrival delays. The study suggests that different bus operating management strategies, such as schedule adjustments, route optimization, and real-time monitoring and control, should be tailored to the characteristics of stop sections since the impacts of these factors vary depending on the stop location.
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| 15. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Understand Travel Activities : Mobility Knowledge Graph Construction from Smart Card Data
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The travel demand is derived from activities. Understanding the travel activity patterns is important for applications, such as individual mobility prediction. Smart card data records individual trip trajectories (time and location) which embed hidden information of travel activities. The paper introduces the mobility knowledge graph (MKG) concept in understanding the hidden travel activities and proposes a multi-dimensional knowledge learning framework to construct MKG using smart card data. The MKG is constructed by semantically expressing the travel knowledge, extracting the relationship between passengers and stations and between stations. The stations (entities) and their relations are represented as nodes and edges in the knowledge graph, which are not intuitively displayed but expressed in the potential semantic space. The relations are extracted based on an unsupervised learning method by considering the spatiotemporal semantic correlations of passengerflows. The case study using the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway data validates the utility of the knowledge graph by predicting passengers’ attention in different stations. The analysis results show that the MKG can provide deep insight into user mobility patterns and hidden activities. The implications of establishing a mobility knowledge graph for public transport are significant. The constructed knowledge graph can help collective and individual mobility prediction, identification of personalized demand management strategies, and the relationship between system characteristics (operations and network) and activity patterns.
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| 16. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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User-station attention inference using smart card data : a knowledge graph assisted matrix decomposition model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied intelligence (Boston). - : Springer Nature. - 0924-669X .- 1573-7497. ; 53:19, s. 21944-21960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding human mobility in urban areas is important for transportation, from planning to operations and online control. This paper proposes the concept of user-station attention, which describes the user’s (or user group’s) interest in or dependency on specific stations. The concept contributes to a better understanding of human mobility (e.g., travel purposes) and facilitates downstream applications, such as individual mobility prediction and location recommendation. However, intrinsic unsupervised learning characteristics and untrustworthy observation data make it challenging to estimate the real user-station attention. We introduce the user-station attention inference problem using station visit counts data in public transport and develop a matrix decomposition method capturing simultaneously user similarity and station-station relationships using knowledge graphs. Specifically, it captures the user similarity information from the user-station visit counts matrix. It extracts the stations’ latent representation and hidden relations (activities) between stations to construct the mobility knowledge graph (MKG) from smart card data. We develop a neural network (NN)-based nonlinear decomposition approach to extract the MKG relations capturing the latent spatiotemporal travel dependencies. The case study uses both synthetic and real-world data to validate the proposed approach by comparing it with benchmark models. The results illustrate the significant value of the knowledge graph in contributing to the user-station attention inference. The model with MKG improves the estimation accuracy by 35% in MAE and 16% in RMSE. Also, the model is not sensitive to sparse data provided only positive observations are used.
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| 17. |
- Zhang, Xiangwei, et al.
(författare)
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The Prognostic Value of Tumor Length for Cause-Specific Mortality in Resectable Esophageal Cancer.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 106:4, s. 1038-1046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The current esophageal cancer AJCC-TNM staging system may not capture the full prognostic implications of the primary tumor. A study is needed to explore the prognostic value of tumor size on esophageal cancer-specific mortality.METHODS: Patients who underwent surgical resection for non-metastatic esophageal cancer were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program database (United States, 1988 - 2014). Using statistics methods - maximally selected rank and two hazard models (Cox model and Fine-Gray model) - the optimum cutoff point for tumor length in each T classification was estimated and the prognostic value of tumor size on esophageal cancer-specific mortality was analyzed.RESULTS: 4,447 patients were identified. The median tumor size was significantly correlated with T classification, with the correlation coefficient of 0.43 (p < 0.001). Patients in the T1-T3 classifications who had larger tumor size showed a larger probability of cancer-specific mortality. The multivariate Cox model showed that tumor size was significantly associated with an increase in cancer-specific mortality in T1 (2.15, 95% CI [1.72, 2.69]) and T2 (1.31, 95% CI [1.06, 1.62]), but marginally significantly in T3 (1.12, 95% CI [1.00, 1.27]) and insignificantly in T4 classification (p > 0.1). Similar results were found using the multivariate Fine-Gray model.CONCLUSIONS: We have found that combining T classification with tumor size can increase the precision in identifying the high-risk groups in T1-T2 classification. Based on esophageal cancer-specific mortality our study is the first to explore the prognostic cutoff point of tumor size by T classification.
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| 18. |
- Zhang, Youwei, et al.
(författare)
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Competing Mechanisms for Photocurrent Induced at the Monolayer-Multilayer Graphene Junction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Small. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 14:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene is characterized by demonstrated unique properties for potential novel applications in photodetection operated in the frequency range from ultraviolet to terahertz. To date, detailed work on identifying the origin of photoresponse in graphene is still ongoing. Here, scanning photocurrent microscopy to explore the nature of photocurrent generated at the monolayer-multilayer graphene junction is employed. It is found that the contributing photocurrent mechanism relies on the mismatch of the Dirac points between the monolayer and multilayer graphene. For overlapping Dirac points, only photothermoelectric effect (PTE) is observed at the junction. When they do not coincide, a different photocurrent due to photovoltaic effect (PVE) appears and becomes more pronounced with larger separation of the Dirac points. While only PTE is reported for a monolayer-bilayer graphene junction in the literature, this work confirms the coexistence of PTE and PVE, thereby extending the understanding of photocurrent in graphene-based heterojunctions.
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| 19. |
- Zhang, Youwei, et al.
(författare)
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Extending the Spectral Responsivity of MoS2 Phototransistors by Incorporating Up-Conversion Microcrystals
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Optical Materials. - : Wiley. - 2162-7568 .- 2195-1071. ; 6:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Layered 2D semiconductors are characterized by unique photoelectric properties and, therefore, constitute a new class of basic building block for next‐generation optoelectronics. However, their wide bandgaps limit the spectral responsivity to a narrow range. Here, a facile approach is demonstrated by integrating β‐NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ up‐conversion microcrystals (UCMCs) with monolayer‐MoS2 phototransistors to break this bandgap‐imposed barrier and to drastically extend the responsivity range. In essence, the UCMCs up‐convert a near‐infrared excitation at 980 nm to visible light of photons with energy matching the large bandgap (i.e., 1.8 eV) of monolayer‐MoS2, thereby activating the phototransistor with remarkable photocurrent and minimum interference. This approach leads to preservation of the excellent electrical merits of monolayer‐MoS2 and simultaneous retention of its low dark current and high photoresponsivity to the above‐bandgap lights. Significantly, an enhancement by over 1000 times is achieved for both responsivity and specific detectivity at 980 nm excitation. Moreover, the rate of response is kept identical to that when the MoS2 phototransistor is excited by a visible light. Therefore, integrating with UCMCs can enable the emerging 2D semiconductors of wide bandgap to respond to infrared excitations with high efficacy and without sacrificing their performance in the visible region.
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| 20. |
- Zhao, Sen, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding the mutation and phenotype spectrum of MYH3-associated skeletal disorders
- 2022
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Ingår i: NPJ genomic medicine. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2056-7944. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pathogenic variants in MYH3 cause distal arthrogryposis type 2A and type 2B3 as well as contractures, pterygia and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndromes types 1A and 1B. These disorders are ultra-rare and their natural course and phenotypic variability are not well described. In this study, we summarize the clinical features and genetic findings of 17 patients from 10 unrelated families with vertebral malformations caused by dominant or recessive pathogenic variants in MYH3. Twelve novel pathogenic variants in MYH3 (NM_002470.4) were identified: three of them were de novo or inherited in autosomal dominant way and nine were inherited in autosomal recessive way. The patients had vertebral segmentation anomalies accompanied with variable joint contractures, short stature and dysmorphic facial features. There was a significant phenotypic overlap between dominant and recessive MYH3-associated conditions regarding the degree of short stature as well as the number of vertebral fusions. All monoallelic variants caused significantly decreased SMAD3 phosphorylation, which is consistent with the previously proposed pathogenic mechanism of impaired canonical TGF-β signaling. Most of the biallelic variants were predicted to be protein-truncating, while one missense variant c.4244T>G,p.(Leu1415Arg), which was inherited in an autosomal recessive way, was found to alter the phosphorylation level of p38, suggesting an inhibition of the non-canonical pathway of TGF-β signaling. In conclusion, the identification of 12 novel pathogenic variants and overlapping phenotypes in 17 affected individuals from 10 unrelated families expands the mutation and phenotype spectrum of MYH3-associated skeletal disorders. We show that disturbances of canonical or non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways are involved in pathogenesis of MYH3-associated skeletal fusion (MASF) syndrome.
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| 21. |
- Zhao, Wengao, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying Degradation Parameters of Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 62:32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-crystal LiNixCoyMnzO2 (SC-NCM, x+y+z=1) cathodes are renowned for their high structural stability and reduced accumulation of adverse side products during long-term cycling. While advances have been made using SC-NCM cathode materials, careful studies of cathode degradation mechanisms are scarce. Herein, we employed quasi single-crystalline LiNi0.65Co0.15Mn0.20O2 (SC-NCM65) to test the relationship between cycling performance and material degradation for different charge cutoff potentials. The Li/SC-NCM65 cells showed >77 % capacity retention below 4.6 V vs. Li+/Li after 400 cycles and revealed a significant decay to 56 % for 4.7 V cutoff. We demonstrate that the SC-NCM65 degradation is due to accumulation of rock-salt (NiO) species at the particle surface rather than intragranular cracking or side reactions with the electrolyte. The NiO-type layer formation is also responsible for the strongly increased impedance and transition-metal dissolution. Notably, the capacity loss is found to have a linear relationship with the thickness of the rock-salt surface layer. Density functional theory and COMSOL Multiphysics modeling analysis further indicate that the charge-transfer kinetics is decisive, as the lower lithium diffusivity of the NiO phase hinders charge transport from the surface to the bulk.
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| 22. |
- Amati, M., et al.
(författare)
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Scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy : From static to operando studies of functional materials
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - 0368-2048. ; 265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scanning photoelectron microscope (SPEM), developed more than 30 years ago, has undergone numerous technical developments, providing an incredibly vast kind of feasible sample environments, which span from the traditional high spatial resolution core level based chemical analysis to insitu and operando complex experiments, including also electrochemical setups and operational electronic devices at various temperatures. Another important step ahead is overcoming the so-called pressure gap for operando studies, recently extended to near ambient values by building special environmental cells. Using recent results of conventional and unconventional experiments, obtained with SPEM at the ESCA Microscopy beamline at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste the present review demonstrates the current potential of this type of photoelectron spectromicroscopy to explore the interfacial properties of functional materials with high spatial resolution.
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| 23. |
- Fu, Pengfei, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between indoor environment and lifestyles and sick building syndrome symptoms among adults in Taiyuan and Urumqi of China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 32:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex and uncertain causes of sick building syndrome (SBS) have become one of the most challenging and hot issues worldwide. Studies on the correlation between indoor environment and SBS based on local characteristics are relatively limited in China. We studied typical SBS risk factors related to the indoor environment and lifestyle in two northern Chinese cities. The study population was drawn from parents of pre-school children in randomized daycare centers in Taiyuan, Shanxi, and Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (N = 6838). Data on SBS and indoor environment were obtained from cross-sectional questionnaires. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated by multilevel logistic regression and adjusted using gender, atopy, own smoking, home size, and dampness index. Results showed that location, homeownership, year of construction completion, changes in the indoor environment (new furniture and decorations), and changes in indoor air (smoking, burning mosquito repellent and incense, cooking fuels including electricity, natural gas, coal, and wood) might contribute to different levels of SBS in Chinese adults, including eye, nasal, throat, dermal symptoms, and headache and tiredness. The results of the subgroup analysis suggest city and gender differences in susceptibility. Daily cleaning, window opening, and improved ventilation effectively improved SBS. People should improve their indoor environment and lifestyles based on sensitivity factors, gender, and geographic characteristics to reduce SBS risks.
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| 24. |
- Huo, Meiling, et al.
(författare)
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A heteroepitaxially grown two-dimensional metal-organic framework and its derivative for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 10:19, s. 10408-10416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional (2D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have become a hot topic recently due to their high surface area, larger number of exposed active sites, and improved conductivity. Combining different 2D MOFs could introduce new physical and chemical properties. Here, we have synthesized a heteroepitaxially grown 2D zeolitic imidazolate framework with a leaf-like morphology (ZIF-L). ZIF-L has a layer-by-layer dense structure, which possesses a high content of N and metal ions as active sites. ZIF-L-Co is heteroepitaxially grown on ZIF-L-Zn, while ZIF-L-Zn@ZIF-Co has been successfully prepared. After pyrolysis, the heteroepitaxially grown MOF derived ultra-small Co nanoparticle immobilized nitrogen doped carbon (NC) material (HM-Co@NC) exhibits superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity (Eonset = 0.998 V, E1/2 = 0.905 V) and better stability than Pt/C, achieving well-qualified assemblies for use in rechargeable Zn–air batteries.
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| 25. |
- Jiang, Pengfei, et al.
(författare)
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VLBI astrometry on the white dwarf pulsar AR Scorpii
- 2023
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 520:2, s. 2942-2951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AR Scorpii (AR Sco), the only-known radio-pulsing white dwarf binary, shows unusual pulsating emission at the radio, infrared, optical, and ultraviolet bands. To determine its astrometric parameters at the radio band independently, we conducted multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) phase-referencing observations with the European VLBI Network at 5 GHz and the Chinese VLBI Network plus the Warkworth 30-m telescope (New Zealand) at 8.6 GHz. By using the differential VLBI astrometry, we provide high-precision astrometric measurements on the parallax (pi = 8.52(-0.07)(+0.04) mas) and proper motion (mu(alpha) = 9.48(-0.07)(+0.04) mas yr(-1), mu(delta) = -51.32(-0.38)(+0.22) mas yr (-1)). The new VLBI results agree with the optical Gaia astrometry. Our kinematic analysis reveals that the Galactic space velocities of AR Sco are quite consistent with that of both intermediate polars and polars. Combined with the previous tightest VLBI constraint on the size, our parallax distance suggests that the radio emission of AR Sco should be located within the light cylinder of its white dwarf.
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