| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Jennie, et al.
(author)
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Ethical considerations in relation to personalised nutrition : An overview of Work Package 5, with respect to ethics
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The objectives of Food4Me work package 5 included a baseline assessment of the ethical and legal aspects of personalised nutrition at the start of the project in 2011, as well as a final assessment at the end of the project (2015), taking into account results achieved in other work packages. The initial assessment made a number of ethical issues visible, most of them relating to the consumer of personalised nutrition service. The results depicted in this publication indicate that many of the questions raised in relation to these issues remain unsolved, and in some cases they seem to be neglected in relation to the services offered by internet companies.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Ingrid, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Body composition through adult life : Swedish reference data on body composition
- 2015
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 69:7, s. 837-842
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/Objectives:The prevalence of obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to30 kg/m2, differs between populations; however, there is a need for data on description on body composition in reference populations of different ages and from different countries. The objective of this study was to pool dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition reference data from population-based Swedish cohorts.Subjects/Methods:Four population-based cross-sectional cohort studies including 1424 adult Swedes were divided into five age groups (20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–61 and 75 years of age); BMI 24.6±3.9 kg/m2 were pooled. Body composition was measured with DXA.Results:The difference in BMI from the youngest to the oldest age group was 3.2 and 4.3 kg/m2 in men and women, respectively (P<0.001, both sexes), and fat mass (FM) was 9.9 and 9.1% higher in the oldest compared with the youngest men and women (P<0.001, both sexes). Fat-free mass (FFM) remained stable up to 60 years of age in men (P=0.83) and was lower at 75 years of age compared with the younger ages. In women, FFM was lower from age 60. From youngest to oldest age groups, height-adjusted FM differed from 4.6 to 7.8 kg/m2 in men and from 6.8 to 10.8 kg/m2 in women (P<0.001, both sexes).Conclusions:Our results provide reference data on body composition in Swedish populations. BMI and FM were higher among older age groups compared with the younger ones. FFM remained stable up to 60 years of age and was lower first among the 75 years of age.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Backman, Ellen, MSc, 1981-
(author)
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Ordinary mealtimes under extraordinary circumstances : Routines and rituals of nutrition, feeding and eating in children with a gastrostomy and their families
- 2021
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to explore routines and rituals related to feeding, eating, and mealtimes in families that have a child with a gastrostomy tube (G-tube), from the perspectives of healthcare professionals, the children, and their parents. The thesis is based on four empirical studies. Study I is a longitudinal, quantitative study with the aim to describe children with developmental or acquired disorders receiving a G-tube, and to compare characteristics, contacts with healthcare professionals, and longitudinal eating outcomes. Findings from Study I demonstrated that children with developmental disorders needed G-tube feeding for longer than children with acquired disorders. Children with developmental disorders were also younger at G-tube placement, and had more multidisciplinary healthcare. These findings led to the subsequent studies focused specifically on children with developmental disorders. Study II applies mixed methods and explores everyday life, health care, and intervention goals during the first year following G-tube placement through the documentation in medical records. In Studies III and IV, the experiences of family mealtimes for children with a G-tube and their parents are collected through individual interviews that are analysed qualitatively. Triangulation of methods, participants, researchers, and data across the four studies is applied to search for confirmation between findings, as well as to identify areas of discrepancy. Ecocultural theory, the WHO framework ICF, and the concept of participation form the conceptual framework of the thesis. Taken together, findings from the studies describe how the main experiences of feeding, eating, and mealtime relate to specific impairments of the child, the collective value attached to family mealtimes, and the parental responsibility to harmonise competing interests and conflicts among family members and/or healthcare professionals. This thesis extends previous research by focusing on the ecocultural context of the child in combination with a dimensional understanding of health. The findings shed light on measures taken by the families themselves to adjust to and handle their daily lives, as well as spell out areas where more support is needed. Furthermore, this thesis suggests that an expanded focus on children’s participation in everyday mealtimes, and in the healthcare follow-up of G-tube feeding, is important in enhancing intervention outcomes.
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Fat, sugar and water intakes among families from the IDEFICS intervention and control groups: first observations from I.Family
- 2015
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In: Obesity Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 16:Suppl. 2, s. 127-137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThe objective of this paper is to investigate differences in diets of families in intervention versus control communities 5years after the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants intervention ended. MethodsAltogether, 4,691 families from the I.Family study with at least one participating parent and one child are included in this analysis. Diet quality indicators, defined as propensities to consume fat, sugar, water and fruit and vegetables, are calculated from a 59-item food frequency questionnaire. Multilevel linear models with random intercepts for study centre are used to determine whether mean diet indicators, calculated at the family level, differed as a function of previous exposure to the intervention. ResultsFamilies in the intervention communities reported a significantly lower sugar propensity (19.8% vs. 20.7% of total food items, p<0.01) and a higher water propensity (47.3% vs. 46.0% of total beverages, p<0.05) compared with families in the control communities, while fat and fruit and vegetables propensities were similar. No significant diet differences between intervention and control children were present at the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants baseline. DiscussionThis result indicates better diet quality in intervention families, which was not present in children when their diets were assessed before the intervention, and gives some cause for optimism regarding the sustainability of some aspects of the diet intervention.
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| 6. |
- Eiben, G, et al.
(author)
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Secular trends in diet among elderly Swedes : cohort comparisons over three decades
- 2004
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In: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 7:5, s. 637-644
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare dietary practices among different birth cohorts of 70-year-old Swedes, who were examined between 1971 and 2000.Setting: Göteborg, Sweden.Design: Four population-based samples of 1360 70-year-olds, born in 1901, 1911, 1922 and 1930, have undergone health examinations and dietary assessments over a period of almost three decades. One-hour diet history (DH) interviews were conducted in 1971, 1981, 1992 and 2000 with a total of 758 women and 602 women. The formats and contents of the dietary examinations were similar over the years. Statistical analysis of linear trends was conducted, using year of examination as the independent variable, to detect secular trends in food and nutrient intakes across cohorts.Results: At the 2000 examination, the majority of 70-year-olds consumed nutritionally adequate diets. Later-born cohorts consumed more yoghurt, breakfast cereals, fruit, vegetables, chicken, rice and pasta than earlier-born cohorts. Consumption of low-fat spread and milk also increased, along with that of wine, light beer and candy. In contrast, potatoes, cakes and sugar were consumed less in 2000 than in 1971. The ratio of reported energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate did not show any systematic trend over time in women, but showed a significant upward trend in men.Conclusions: The diet history method has captured changes in food selections in the elderly without changing in general format over three decades. Dietary quality has improved in a number of ways, and these findings in the elderly are consistent with national food consumption trends in the general population.
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| 7. |
- Akner, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Multisjuka och bräckliga äldre
- 2015
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In: Mat och hälsa. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083575 ; , s. 105-108-
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 8. |
- Andreae, Christina, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Changes in Appetite During the Heart Failure Trajectory and Association With Fatigue, Depressive Symptoms, and Quality of Life
- 2021
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In: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0889-4655 .- 1550-5049. ; 36:6, s. 539-545
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Decreased appetite can contribute to malnutrition in patients with heart failure (HF). Little is known about the trajectory of appetite over time in patients with HF and the factors associated with decreased appetite after discharge from the hospital.OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate changes in appetite over time and explore how fatigue, depressive symptoms, and quality of life are associated with decreased appetite.METHODS: Data from the multicenter randomized Coordinating study evaluating Outcomes of Advising and Counseling in Heart Failure were used. Logistic regression and mixed-effects logistic regression were used to investigate changes in appetite over time and to explore the relationship between appetite and fatigue, depressive symptoms, and quality of life.RESULTS: A total of 734 patients with HF (mean age, 69 years) were included. Decreased appetite was present at all follow-up measurements; however, decreased appetite was significantly lower at the 1-month (odds ratio [OR], 0.43; confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.63), 6-month (OR, 0.31; CI, 0.20-0.47), 12-month (OR, 0.22; CI, 0.14-0.34), and 18-month (OR, 0.24; CI, 0.15-0.37) follow-ups compared with baseline. Decreased appetite was associated with fatigue (OR, 3.09; CI, 1.98-4.84), depressive symptoms (OR, 1.76; CI, 1.35-2.29), and low quality of life (OR, 1.01; CI, 1.01-1.02) across all measurement points adjusted for covariates.CONCLUSIONS: Appetite improved after discharge; however, at all time points, at least 22% of patients reported decreased appetite. Fatigue, depressive symptoms, and low quality of life are factors associated with decreased appetite. Decreased appetite is a long-standing problem in that it does not disappear spontaneously after an acute HF deterioration.
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| 9. |
- Cederholm, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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Behandling av nutritionsproblem
- 2015
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In: Mat och hälsa. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083575 ; , s. 143-150
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Jonsson, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(author)
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Older patients' perspectives on mealtimes in hospitals : a scoping review of qualitative studies
- 2021
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 35:2, s. 390-404
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increasing age of populations throughout the world means that healthcare services are faced with new challenges, not least regarding the provision of food during hospital stay. There is a lack of knowledge of how hospital mealtimes are experienced by older patients, and so the aim of this article was to review current knowledge regarding mealtimes in hospitals from the perspectives of older patients. A literature search was performed using seven databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, SweMed+, ASSIA and CINAHL with no limits regarding publication date. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles in English or Swedish that used qualitative methods to examine older patients' (>65 years) mealtime experiences. The Five Aspect Meal Model (FAMM) served as a framework for understanding the complexity behind a mealtime experience. Qualitative content analysis was used as a guide when analysing the material. The search produced 415 studies, 14 of which were included in the review. The findings generated three main themes for understanding how older patients experience mealtimes while in hospital: (1) the food and the food service, (2) mealtime assistance and commensality during mealtimes and (3) the importance of retaining one's independence. The review also clearly indicated a shortage of studies that solely focus on older patients' experiences of their mealtime. More research is therefore needed to be fully able to understand the complex task of providing meals in hospitals.
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| 12. |
- Magnusson, Maria B, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Enabling overweight children to improve their food and exercise habits - school nurses counselling in multilingual settings
- 2012
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In: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 21:17-18, s. 2452-2460
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims and objectives. The study aimed at analysing school nurses counselling of overweight and obese children in settings with many immigrants, focusing on content concerning food and physical activity and how this was communicated. Background. For people with a predisposition for overweight, the weight control process requires cognitive skills. School nurses counselling of overweight children has the potential to support this process by enabling personal resources in the children and their families. However, there is uncertainty among nurses about how to conduct supportive counselling. Design. An explorative design was used when collecting and analysing data. Method. Twenty-two counselling sessions between eight school nurses and 20 overweight children were audio-recorded and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Most of the participating schools represented areas with low socioeconomic status and a high proportion of immigrants and refugees. Results. Less adequate skills in enabling resources in the children and their parents were observed. Concurrently, school nurses provided inadequate explanations about food and physical activity. Topics related to general nutrition models were frequently communicated as general advice instead of individually tailored counselling. Counselling families with other languages and food cultures than the traditional Swedish created additional difficulties. Conclusions. Improved nutritional knowledge for nurses may enhance their skills in enabling childrens and families resources. School nurses should be provided with opportunities to cooperate with other professions in counteracting overweight. Relevance to clinical practice. Our findings demonstrate a relationship between content skills and person-centeredness in the counselling. This highlights the importance of inter-professional collaboration to ensure a high quality of lifestyle counselling. School health authorities should give high priority to facilitating school nurses evidence-based continuing education.
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| 13. |
-
Mat och hälsa : en klinisk handbok
- 2015
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kunskaper och vetenskapligt förankrade insikter kring matens betydelse för människans hälsa tilltar samtidigt som intresset för kost och hälsa ökar hos både patienter och allmänhet. Personal inom vård och omsorg upplever därför ofta svårigheter att orientera sig i flödet av hälsobudskap där buden dessutom kan vara motstridiga. Läkare, sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal har ett kontinuerligt behov av att uppdatera sina kunskaper om mat, nutrition och hälsa.
Bokens första del ger råd om nutritionshandläggning vid speciella sjukdomar, t.ex. hjärt–kärlsjukdomar, diabetes och fetma.Dessutom fokuseras nutritionens betydelse vid vanliga kroniska sjukdomar såsom mag-tarm-, njur- och demenssjukdom.Åldrandet, mat och nutrition diskuteras i flera kapitel.Vårdprocessen vid utredning och behandling belyses. Bokens andra del ger kliniskt relevant kunskap om näringslära och kostrekommendationer. T.ex. avhandlas hälsoeffekter och behov av fett, kolhydrater och protein, omega-3-fettsyror och vitamin D,hälsoeffekter av traditionell medelhavskost, och dess nordiska motsvarighet, liksom olika typer av populära koster.
I den här boken samlas kunskapen hos tjugosex av Sveriges främsta forskare inom nutritionsområdet på ett lättillgängligt sätt för att ge evidensbaserade svar på många av de frågor som möter sjukvårdspersonal.
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| 14. |
- Rothenberg, Elisabet, 1960-
(author)
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To Feed and Move the Muscles are Crucial for Healthy Ageing
- 2015
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In: SM Journal of Food and Nutritional Disorders. - : SM Group. ; 1:1, s. 1004-
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ageing is associated with reduced margins and impairments in several physiological systems including increase in body fat and a decline in lean mass called sarcopenia and limiting physical abilities. Disease Related Malnutrition (DRM) becomes prevalent due to increased risk to develop chronic disease by age. To prevent and reduce the loss of muscle mass and function physical activity and nutrition are of importance. The evidence for a combination effect is convincing. Except adequate energy intake protein and vitamin D are of specific importance to maintain muscle mass. Some amino acids seem of key importance. A major cause of sarcopenia is inactivity and anabolic resistance. Physical exercise, mainly resistance training has been shown to be of significant importance for muscle protein synthesis. Adequate muscular function is a prerequisite for independence and quality of life. It is urgent to learn more about how to prevent and treat loss of muscle mass and function in ageing.
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| 15. |
- Rothenberg, Elisabet, 1960-
(author)
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Översikt [Nutrition]
- 2015
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Översikt [Nutrition] Denna text utgår från "Näring för god vård och omsorg en vägledning för att förebygga och behandla undernäring" [1] från Socialstyrelsen samt "Nationell satsning för ökad patientsäkerhet. Undernäring åtgärder för att förebygga" [2] från Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting. Den senare kan ses som en kortversion av vägledningen. Ett gott näringstillstånd är en förutsättning för att undvika sjukdom och återvinna hälsa. Alla har rätt att få en adekvat, till individen och dennes (sjukdoms-) tillstånd anpassad näringstillförsel. Att få sitt energi- och näringsbehov tillgodosett är därmed en självklar mänsklig rättighet [1,2]. Sjukdom och där till kopplad medicinsk behandling kan dock försvåra eller omöjliggöra för den enskilde att täcka detta behov utan hjälp, samtidigt som sjukdomen i sig kan förändra behoven. Sociala, psykologiska och kulturella faktorer påverkar också förutsättningarna för ett optimalt energi- och näringsintag. Mat, måltid och ätande rymmer dessutom många andra dimensioner. Sjukdomsrelaterad undernäring utvecklas när förbrukningen av energi och/eller näringsämnen under en tillräckligt lång period överskrider intaget [2,3]. Den därpå följande utarmningen av kroppsfett och muskler tar sig olika uttryck beroende på om sjukdomsprocessen medför en inflammatorisk reaktion eller inte. Problemet är vanligt. I svenska studier har förekomsten uppskattats till 28 procent och bland kroniskt sjuka äldre är prevalensen ännu högre [1,2]. Tillståndet medför förluster i livskvalitet, lidande och en ökad risk för sjuklighet och död. Den sjuka individens nutrition måste därför betraktas på samma sätt som annan medicinsk behandling och underkastas samma krav på utredning, diagnos, behandlingsplanering och uppföljning/dokumentation [1,2]. Det krävs ett strukturerat nutritionsomhändertagande - nutritionvårdsprocessen - för effektiv och säker behandling, även en tydlig ansvarsfördelning mellan olika yrkesgrupper och ett standardiserat tvärprofessionellt språk för effektiv och säker kommunikation. Vision Alla patienter ska erbjudas en god och säker nutritionsvård.
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| 16. |
- Sandman, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Ethical considerations of refusing nutrition after stroke
- 2008
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In: Nursing Ethics. - : Sage Publications Ltd.. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 15:2, s. 147-59
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this article is to analyse and discuss the ethically problematic conflict raised by patients with stroke who refuse nutritional treatment. In analysing this conflict, the focus is on four different aspects: (1) Is nutritional treatment biologically necessary? (2) If necessary, is the reason for refusal a functional disability, lack of appetite or motivation, misunderstanding of the situation or a genuine conflict of values? (3) If the latter, what values are involved in the conflict? (4) How should we deal with the different kinds of refusal of nutritional treatment? We argue that patients' autonomy should be respected as far as possible, while also considering that those who have suffered a stroke might re-evaluate their life as a result of a beneficial prognosis. However, if patients persist with their refusal, health care professionals should force nutritional treatment only when it is clear that the patients will re-evaluate their future life.
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| 17. |
- Wisnuwardani, Ratih Wirapuspita, et al.
(author)
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Estimated dietary intake of polyphenols in European adolescents : the HELENA study
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 58:6, s. 2345-2363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Knowledge about polyphenols intakes and their determinants among adolescents might be helpful for planning targeted prevention strategies at an early age.METHODS: In the European multicenter cross-sectional HELENA study of 2006-2007, 2428 subjects (47% boys) had data on dietary intake of polyphenols from 2 non-consecutive 24 h recalls via linking with the Phenol-Explorer database. Differences by sex, age, country, BMI, maternal education, paternal education, family affluence, smoking status, alcohol use, and physical activity were explored by linear regression.RESULTS: Median, lower and upper quartiles of polyphenol intakes were 326, 167 and 564 mg/day, respectively. Polyphenol intake was significantly higher in the oldest (16-17.49 years), girls, non-Mediterranean countries, lowest BMI, highest paternal education, and alcohol consumers. Main food contributors were fruit (23%, mainly apple and pear, i.e., 16.3%); chocolate products (19.2%); and fruit and vegetable juices (15.6%). Main polyphenol classes were flavonoids (75-76% of total) and phenolic acids (17-19% of total). The three most consumed polyphenols were proanthocyanidin polymers (> 10 mers), hesperidin, and proanthocyanidin 4-6 oligomers.CONCLUSION: The current study provided for the first time numbers on the total polyphenol intake and their main food sources in a heterogeneous group of European adolescents. Major differences with adult populations are the lower polyphenol consumption and the major food sources, such as chocolate and biscuits. The discussed determinants and polyphenol types already point to some important population groups that need to be targeted in future public health initiatives.
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| 18. |
- Holmberg, Christopher, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Empowering aspects for healthy food and physical activity habits : adolescents’ experiences of a school-based intervention in a disadvantaged urban community
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 13:sup1: Equal Health
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose:This study aimed to describe adolescents’ experiences of participating in a health-promoting school-based intervention regarding food and physical activity, with a focus on empowering aspects. Method:The school was located in a urban disadvantaged community in Sweden, characterized by poorer self-reported health and lower life expectancy than the municipality average. Focus group interviews with adolescents (29 girls, 20 boys, 14–15 years) and their teachers (n = 4) were conducted two years after intervention. Data were categorized using qualitative content analysis. Results: A theme was generated, intersecting with all the categories: Gaining control over one’s health: deciding, trying, and practicing together, in new ways, using reflective tools. The adolescents appreciated influencing the components of the intervention and collaborating with peers in active learning activities such as practicing sports and preparing meals. They also reported acquiring new health information, that trying new activities was inspiring, and the use of pedometers and photo-food diaries helped them reflect on their health behaviours. The adolescents’ experiences were also echoed by their teachers. Conclusions: To facilitate empowerment and stimulate learning, health-promotion interventions targeting adolescents could enable active learning activities in groups, by using visualizing tools to facilitate self-reflection, and allowing adolescents to influence intervention activities.
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| 19. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Re-examination of accelerometer data processing and calibration for the assessment of physical activity intensity.
- 2019
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 29:10, s. 1442-1452
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review reexamines use of accelerometer and oxygen uptake data for assessment of activity intensity. Accelerometers capture mechanical work, while oxygen uptake captures the energy cost of this work. Frequency filtering needs to be considered when processing acceleration data. A too restrictive filter attenuates the acceleration signal for walking and, to a higher degree, for running. This measurement error affects shorter (children) more than taller (adults) individuals due to their higher movement frequency. Less restrictive filtering includes more movement related signals and provide measures that better capture mechanical work, but may include more noise. An optimal filter cut-point is determined where most relevant acceleration signals are included. Further, accelerometer placement affects what part of mechanical work being captured. While the waist placement captures total mechanical work and therefore contributes to measures of activity intensity equivalent by age and stature, the thigh and wrist placements capture more internal work and do not provide equivalent measures. Value calibration of accelerometer measures is usually performed using measured oxygen uptake with the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) as reference measure of activity intensity. However, the use of MET is not stringent and is not a measure of activity intensity equivalent by age and stature. A candidate measure is the mass-specific net oxygen uptake, VO2 net (VO2 tot - VO2 stand). To improve measurement of physical activity intensity using accelerometers, research developments are suggested concerning processing of accelerometer data, use of energy expenditure as reference for activity intensity, and calibration procedure with absolute versus relative intensity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Scander, Henrik, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Beverage consumption patterns and energy contribution from beverages per meal type : results from a national dietary survey in Sweden
- 2018
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In: Public Health Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 21:18, s. 3318-3327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Many studies of food intake have been performed and published in Sweden, but to our knowledge no studies have extensively explored the beverage consumption of the Swedish adult population. The present study aimed to describe the beverage consumption and the contribution of beverage energy (including alcohol energy) to total energy intake according to gender, region of living, meal type and day for a Swedish adult population.DESIGN: National dietary survey Riksmaten (2010-2011), collected by the Swedish National Food Agency.SETTING: Sweden.SUBJECTS: A total of 1682 participants (57 % women) reported dietary intake data during four consecutive days, specified by portion size, meal, time point, day of the week and venue. Meals were categorized as breakfast, lunch, dinner and 'other'.ResultThe beverage reported to be consumed the most was water (ml/d), followed by coffee. Men had a higher consumption of juice, soft drinks, beer, spirits and low-alcohol beer, while the consumption of tea and water was higher for women. For both genders, milk contributed the most to beverage energy intake. Energy percentage from beverages was higher at lunch and dinner during weekends for both genders. Participants from the biggest cities in Sweden had a higher consumption of wine for both genders and tea for men than participants from other regions.CONCLUSIONS: A considerable part of total energy intake was contributed by beverages, especially for men. Beverages can contribute to a more enjoyable diet, but at the same time provide energy, sugar and alcohol in amounts that do not promote optimal health.
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| 21. |
- Malmborg, Julia, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Health status, physical activity, and orthorexia nervosa : A comparison between exercise science students and business students
- 2017
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In: Appetite. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 109, s. 137-143
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Orthorexia nervosa is described as an exaggerated fixation on healthy food. It is unclear whether students in health-oriented academic programs, highly focused on physical exercise, are more prone to develop orthorexia nervosa than students in other educational areas. The aim was to compare health status, physical activity, and frequency of orthorexia nervosa between university students enrolled in an exercise science program (n = 118) or a business program (n = 89). The students completed the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and ORTO-15, which defines orthorexia nervosa as a sensitive and obsessive behavior towards healthy nutrition. The SF-36 showed that exercise science students scored worse than business students regarding bodily pain (72.8 vs. 82.5; p = 0.001), but better regarding general health (83.1 vs. 77.1; p = 0.006). Of 188 students, 144 (76.6%) had an ORTO-15 score indicating orthorexia nervosa, with a higher proportion in exercise science students than in business students (84.5% vs. 65.4%; p = 0.002). Orthorexia nervosa in combination with a high level of physical activity was most often seen in men in exercise science studies and less often in women in business studies (45.1% vs. 8.3%; p < 0.000). A high degree of self-reporting of pain and orthorexia nervosa in exercise science students may cause problems in the future, since they are expected to coach others in healthy living. Our findings may be valuable in the development of health-oriented academic programs and within student healthcare services. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
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| 22. |
- Huus, Karina, et al.
(author)
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Physical Activity, Blood Glucose and C-Peptide in Healthy School-Children, a Longitudinal Study
- 2016
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In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim To further elucidate the relationship between physical activity and several risk factors for development of diabetes (glucose, C-peptide and obesity) over time. A prospective longitudinal study where physical activity was measured on 199 children from Kalmar and Linkoping at age 8, and the same 107 children from Linkoping again at age 12. Anthropometric data was collected and blood was analyzed for C-peptide and f-glucose. The children in the study were representative for the general Swedish child population, and on an average lean. High physical activity was related to lower C-peptide at age 8 and 12. This correlation was especially pronounced in boys, who also were more physically active than girls at both time points. The association seen at 8 years of age was similar at age 12 in most children. Children with higher BMI Z-Score had a higher fasting C-peptide (age 12) but linear regression showed that children with more steps per day were less likely to have a higher fasting C-peptide irrespective of BMI. Longitudinal follow-up showed that a decrease in physical activity increased insulin resistance and beta-cell load. Already in young children, physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and decreases the need of C-peptide over time. This seems to become even more pronounced with increasing age when children are followed longitudinally. Low physical activity increases the load on insulin producing beta-cells, might increase the risk for both type 1- and 2 diabetes.
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- Sjögren, Per, et al.
(author)
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Stand up for health-avoiding sedentary behaviour might lengthen your telomeres : secondary outcomes from a physical activity RCT in older people.
- 2014
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 48:19, s. 1407-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Telomere length has been associated with a healthy lifestyle and longevity. However, the effect of increased physical activity on telomere length is still unknown. Therefore, the aim was to study the relationship between changes in physical activity level and sedentary behaviour and changes in telomere length.METHODS: Telomere length was measured in blood cells 6 months apart in 49, 68-year-old, sedentary, overweight individuals taking part in a randomised controlled physical activity intervention trial. The intervention group received individualised physical activity on prescription. Physical activity was measured with a 7-day diary, questionnaires and a pedometer. Sitting time was measured with the short version of The International Physical Activity Questionnaire.RESULTS: Time spent exercising as well as steps per day increased significantly in the intervention group. Reported sitting time decreased in both groups. No significant associations between changes in steps per day and changes in telomere length were noted. In the intervention group, there was a negative correlation between changes in time spent exercising and changes in telomere length (rho=-0.39, p=0.07). On the other hand, in the intervention group, telomere lengthening was significantly associated with reduced sitting time (rho=-0.68, p=0.02).CONCLUSIONS: Reduced sitting time was associated with telomere lengthening in blood cells in sedentary, overweight 68-year-old individuals participating in a 6-month physical activity intervention trial.
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