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| 3. |
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Omodernt : Människor och tankar i förmodern tid
- 2009. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kan vi idag ha något att lära av de klassiska, medeltida och tidigmoderna kulturerna? Många skulle svara ja på den frågan, men det finns också de som skulle beskriva det förmoderna som irrationellt, traditionsbundet, kollektivistiskt och framför allt otidsenligt. Att behålla kontakten med det förmoderna behöver inte betyda att man bekräftar ett "arv" från det förflutna eller ägnar sig åt återbruk av äldre tiders idéer. Bättre är att omvandla, utveckla eller avveckla tidigare tankar eller kritik kring sociala och estetiska mönster. I antologin Omodernt - Människor och tankar i förmodern tid medverkar elva forskare som representerar en rad humanistiska discipliner. Deras texter berättar på mångfacetterade sätt om idéer och föreställningar, språk och texter från antiken till 1600-talet som är relevanta än idag. De argumenterar för vikten av kunskap om de perioder som ligger före vår moderna tid och ger konkreta exempel på forskning i den andan. Det viktiga är att uppmuntra kommunikation över seklen, viljan att vidga sina egna associationer kring mänskligt handlande, att fördjupa sina insikter om hur människor i historien försökt att hantera sin existentiella och samhälleliga situation. Genom sådana perspektivbyten kan vi i bästa fall få klargörande idéer även om vår egen tid.
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| 4. |
- Hallengren, Anders, 1950-
(författare)
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The code of Concord : Emerson's search for universal laws
- 1994. - 1
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this work is to detect a pattern: the concordance of Ethics and Aesthetics, Poetics and Politics in the most influential American thinker of the nineteenth century. It is an attempt to trace a basic concept of the Emersonian transcendentalist doctrine, its development, its philosophical meaning and practical implications. Emerson’s thought is analyzed genetically in search of the generating paradigm, or the set of axioms from which his aesthetic ideas as well as his political reasoning are derived. Such a basic structure, or point of convergence, is sought in the emergence of Emerson’s idea of universal laws that repeat themselves on all levels of reality.A general introduction is given in Part One, where the crisis in Emerson’s life is seen as representing and foreshadowing the deeper existential crisis of modern man.In Part 2 we follow the increasingly skeptical theologian’s turn to science, where he tries to secure a safe secular foundation for ethical good and right and to solve the problem of evil.Part 3 shows how Emerson’s conception of the laws of nature and ethics is applied in his political philosophy.In Part 4, Emerson’s ideas of the arts are seen as corresponding to his views of nature, morality, and individuality.Finally, in Part 5, the ancient and classical nature of Concord philosophy is brought into focus.The book concludes with a short summary.
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| 6. |
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Posthumanistiska nyckelstexter
- 2012. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den här boken introducerar några viktiga författare på samtidsaktuella teoriområden. Donna Haraway, Karen Barad, Rosi Braidotti, Michel Callon, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Michel Serres och Annemarie Mol presenteras i boken, som också innehåller översatta texter av dessa namn. Boken ger en bakgrund till och en överblick över ett område i intensiv teoriutveckling. Här presenteras den så kallade materiella, posthumana eller ontologiska vändningen. Här kartläggs grunderna för olika posthumanistiska förhållningssätt till de både mänskliga och icke-mänskliga (djur, miljö, teknik) krafterna i vår värld så som de begreppsliggjorts inom filosofi, feministisk teori, kulturstudier och samhällsvetenskapliga studier av naturvetenskap, medicin och teknik. Genom lästips och en omfattande litteraturlista öppnar boken för fortsatta studier och vidare diskussioner. Avslutningsvis finns också en omfattande ordlista med viktiga nyckelbegrepp som i sig ger en introduktion till ett heterogent forskningsfält. Boken riktar sig till studenter, doktorander och andra nyfikna forskare inom olika tvärvetenskapliga eller disciplinära former av humaniora och samhällsvetenskap.POSTHUMANISTISKA NYCKELTEXTER ger i de inledande kapitlen en överblick och en introduktion till posthumanistiska studier och till materiell-semiotik. Här behandlas tankeströmningar som rör det humanas natur, humanismens etik och humanvetenskapernas framtid. Boken ger en introduktion till det som inom genusvetenskap och tekniksociologi kommit att kallas den ontologiska vändningen mot de materiaaliteter och världsliga relationer som både gör och förgör oss. Här kartläggs grunderna för posthumanistiska förhållningssätt till de både mänskliga och icke-mänskliga (djur, miljö, teknik) dimensionerna av vår värld så som de begreppsliggjorts inom filosofi, feministisk teori, kulturstudier och sociala studier av vetenskap och teknik. POSTHUMANISTISKA NYCKELTEXTER erbjuder introduktioner till viktiga författare och översättningar av nyckeltexter skrivna av Donna Haraway, Karen Barad, Rosi Braidotti, Michel Callon, Gilles Deleuze med Felix Guattari, Michel Serres och Annemarie Mol. Boken innehåller även en omfattande ordlista med viktiga nyckelbegrepp som i sig ger en introduktion till ett mångfaldigt forskningsfält.
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| 8. |
- Dunér, David
(författare)
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Världsmaskinen. Emanuel Swedenborgs naturfilosofi
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish natural philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772) thought in his early scientific career that the world was like a gigantic machine, following the laws of mechanics and geometry. The work presented here is a study of his mechanistic worldview and metaphorical way of thinking up to the year 1734, examining most of his fields of interest, from geometry and metaphysics to technology and mining engineering. After that year he left the mechanistic explanations and turned to an organic worldview, and some years later, in 1745, he entered the spiritual world. The study is based on a cognitive view that there are special cognitive abilities, especially metaphorical conceptualization, that cause human beings to think in one way or another. “Space” is an introductory chapter on the concept of space, about his experiences of space gained through optical instruments and his orientation in the intellectual milieu, and of the spatial world with the aid of geometry. “The sign” treats especially some particular sign systems, such as those of arithmetic and algebra, and the classification of the world by categories in number systems, coinage, measures, weights and volumes. “The wave” follows Swedenborg’s use of the metaphor of the wave, not only in such scientific disciplines as hydrology, acoustics, optics and neurology but also in poetry and music. “The sphere” concerns the sphere as the figure of movement, the relationship between technology and science, and analogies, proportions and mental models as important tools for inventing scientific theories, especially in mechanics, physics and chemistry. “The point” has its point of departure in the indivisible point of mathematics. “The spiral” is Swedenborg’s most admired geometrical figure. He wrote about the windings of the spirals in geometry, particle physics, astronomy, and in the nature of the soul. “Infinity” is limited to Swedenborg’s last mechanistic work, De infinito (1734), where he made a strict distinction between the finite and the infinite. “Conclusion” gives an overview of the major themes of his anatomical and physiological studies from the end of the 1730s to 1745, and his spiritual writings to 1772.
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| 9. |
- Fjæstad, Maja, 1976-
(författare)
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Visionen om outtömlig energi : Bridreaktorn i svensk kärnkraftshistoria 1945–80
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fast breeder is a type of nuclear reactor that aroused much attention in the 1950s and 60s. Its ability to produce more nuclear fuel than it consumes offered promises of cheap and reliable energy, and thereby connected it to utopian ideas about an eternal supply of energy. Furthermore, the ideas of breeder reactors were a vital part of the post-war visions about the nuclear future. This dissertation investigates the plans for breeder reactors in Sweden, connecting them to the contemporary development of nuclear power with heavy or light water and the discussions of nuclear weapons, as well as to the general visions of a prosperous technological future. The history of the Swedish breeder reactor is traced from high hopes in the beginning, via the fiasco of the Swedish heavy water program, partly focusing on the activities at the company AB Atomenergi and investigating how it planned and argued for its breeder program and how this was received by the politicians. The story continues into the intensive environmental movement in the 1970s, ending with the Swedish referendum on nuclear energy in 1980, which can be seen as the final point for the Swedish breeder. The thesis discusses how the nuclear breeder reactor was transformed from an argument for nuclear power to an argument against it. The breeder began as a part of the vision of a society with abundant energy, but was later seen as a threat against the new sustainable world. The nuclear breeder reactor is an example of a technological vision that did not meet its industrial expectations. But that does not prevent the fact that breeder was an influential technology in an age where import decisions about nuclear energy were made. The thesis argues that important decisions about the contemporary reactors were taken with the idea that they in a foreseeable future would be replaced with the efficient breeder. And the last word on the breeder reactor is not said – today, reactor engineers around the world are showing a renewed interest in this elusive reactor type.
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| 11. |
- Poljarevic, Emin
(författare)
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Islamic Tradition and Meanings of Modernity
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity. - 2213-0624. ; 3:1, s. 29-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The debate about the compatibility of modernity and (the) Islamic tradition is, at this point, centuries old. This article analyzes some of its most recent expressions. The guiding question here is one about the meaning(s) of modernity and its impact on our general understanding of this particular religious tradition. We are often led to believe that this tradition is uniquely ill-equipped to absorb or make use of modernity’s conceptual repertoire and its supposed liberating power. It therefore follows that the proponents of Islam and of liberalism are at odds with each other, primarily due to the assumption that they occupy different paradigms of understanding, knowledge, and even of hopes and aspirations. This article seeks to identify some elements of this, arguably erroneous, presumption by presenting an overview of several oft-repeated arguments related to modernity and Islamic ethics. Modernity, as it relates to shifting public conceptions of freedom in Muslim-majority societies, has proven to have tremendous mobilizing power. Social actors continuously contest such ideas as freedom, religion, and related issues in the realm of civil society. One such discursive shift underway is the ‘Arab Spring’, arguably one of the strongest indicators of the ongoing process of modernity within Arab societies on multiple levels – a process that is deeply unsettling and entirely open-ended in terms of cultural and socio-political outcomes.
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| 12. |
- Mindus, Patricia
(författare)
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Austin and Scandinavian Realism
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Legacy of John Austin's Jurisprudence. - : Springer-Verlag New York. ; , s. 73-106
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The imperative theory of law exemplified in the work of John Austin is the object of much criticism in the movement of Scandinavian legal realism (SLR). The very core notions of command, sovereignty and will are targeted. This paper explores the Scandinavian readings of Austin’s theory, chiefly by reconstructing the main arguments of Axel Hägerström’s criticism of the will-theory and Karl Olivecrona’s reading of the imperative character of law. Special attention is paid to the affinities between the various outlooks and to their core differences. On one hand, strong resemblances can be discovered in the common methodological afflatus and respect for Hume’s principle. On the other hand – apart from contrasting opinions on minor aspects (such as tacit consent grounding custom) – among the unbridgeable divergences mention should be made of the view on morals: Austin embraced a form of cognitivism, while the Scandinavians supported a strict form of non-cognitivism. In order to assess the originality of the Scandinavian attack on the imperative theory of law, the aim of the paper is to test to what extent it stimulated the seminal work on the question of law’s authoritative dimension in SLR.
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| 13. |
- Lindkvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intensive Forestry as Progress or Decay? : An Analysis of the Debate about Forest Fertilization in Sweden, 1960–2010
- 2011
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI Publishing. - 1999-4907. ; 2:1, s. 112-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the mid-1960s, fertilization (with nitrogen) had a breakthrough as a promising forest management method in Swedish company owned forests. The activity grew and peaked during the 1970s but then lost ground and stabilized at a low level in the 1990s and early 2000s. Over the last five years, however, interest in fertilizing Swedish forests has increased again. In this article both the forestry industry’s, and the environmental movement’s, attitudes toward forest fertilization over time are investigated. Furthermore, conflicting persistent ideas about nature and future, i.e., “figures of thought”, within interest groups, representing forestry and the environmental movement respectively, are identified and analyzed in relation to the debate on fertilization. The analysis reveals mainly three figures of thought that have influenced this debate during the period, “the idea of progress”, “the idea of decay” and “the idea of the great chain of being”. The study thus sheds light on how the relationship between forestry and the environmental movement has evolved from the 1960s until today and uncovers thought patterns that have stood, and continue to stand, in opposition to one another.
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| 14. |
- Kardell, Örjan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Skogsgödslingen i backspegeln : debatten om storskogsbrukets kvävegödsling i Sverige ca 1960-2009
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the mid-1960s, fertilization (with nitrogen) had a breakthrough as a forest management method in Swedish company owned forests. The activity grew and peaked during the 1970s but then lost ground and stabilized on a low level in the 1990s and early 2000s. Over the last five years, however, interest in fertilizing Swedish forests has increased again. In this article factors that have shaped these fluctuations are explored. A specific task is to investigate to what extent the fluctuations correlate with debates on environmental issues. Furthermore, conflicting “fundamental ideas” within interest groups, representing forestry and the environmental movement respectively, are identified and analyzed. The study thus sheds some light on how the relationship between forestry and the environmental movement has evolved, from the 1960s until today.
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| 15. |
- Larsson Lovén, Lena, 1956
(författare)
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Romerska kvinnors arbete och yrkesidentiteter
- 2018
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Ingår i: Gender, history, futures : report from the XI Nordic Women's and gender history conference, Stockholm, Sweden, August 19–21, 2015 / edited by Daniel Nyström, Johanna Overud. - Sveriges kvinno- och genushistoriker : Umeå. - 9789176018484 ; , s. 68-76
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kvinnligt arbete och yrkesidentitet i det antika Rom avspeglat i bild och inskrifter.
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| 18. |
- Fazlhashemi, Mohammad, 1961-
(författare)
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Tro eller fönuft i politisk islam
- 2011. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- År 874 inledde den tolfte shiitiske imamen Al-Mahdi ett liv i underjorden. Sedan dess har de rättslärda brottats med frågan om hur de ska leva tills han återkommer. Inom islams historia finns en lång kamp mellan de religiösa ledarna och de sekulära politiska över vilka som är bäst lämpade att styra de muslimska länderna, men den händelse under 1900-talet som framför alla andra markerade religionens – eller rättare sagt de religiösa ledarnas – återkomst på den politiska scenen var revolutionen i Iran 1979. Bland de shiitiska rättslärda finns dock många olika politiska föreställningar. Skillnaderna beror till stor del på rådande politiska och historiska omständigheter, sociala strukturer och ekonomiska förhållanden. Men är dessa omständigheter tillräckliga för att förstå varför en grupp shiitiska rättslärda drogs till revolutionär radikalism, andra till politisk pragmatism och ytterligare andra till total avhållsamhet från den politiska scenen? Och vad har förhållande mellan tro och förnuft för betydelse för religion och politik i de olika shiitiska skolorna?
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| 19. |
- Edman, Johan, 1967-
(författare)
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What's in a name? : Alcohol and drug treatment and the politics of confusion
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - Helsinki : National Institute for Health and Welfare (Finland) & Nordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues. - 1455-0725. ; 26:4, s. 339-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims The aim of this article is to investigate the use of a rather vague medical conceptual framework within the compulsory treatment of alcohol and drug users in Sweden during the 20th century. Focus lies on exploring how a phenomenon come to be described as pathological, what the causes are for certain actions all of a sudden being interpreted in medical terms, and what consequences that might lead to. Design Supported by theoretical speculations on medicalization processes and conceptual history, two empirical cases (the compulsory care of alcohol abusers in the 1950’s and the legislative process leading to psychiatric compulsory care of drug users in the late 1960’s) are investigated. The first case draws mainly upon official reports and archive material from alcohol treatment institutions, whilst the second case is built from reading official reports and parliamentary material. The research task for the two empirical cases has not quite been the same: whereas the first case is illustrated by the discrepancies between the labelling of treatment activities and the treatment actually carried out, the second case rather draws upon the enlargement of the field of signification of the disease concept to cover most aspects of drug use. Results A medicalization process on different levels is traced both in the post-war compulsory treatment of alcohol abusers as well as being a part of the launching of compulsory psychiatric care of drug abusers from the late 1960’s onwards. Conclusion The investigated cases shows how the medicalization processes gained from a conceptual vagueness, a widening of the conceptual dimensions of both the treatment and disease concepts. In this, the medicalization of alcohol abuse in the 1950’s and drug abuse in the 1960’s made way for a paternalistic justification of compulsory care measures that might otherwise have become politically troublesome.
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| 22. |
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Jesus och politiken
- 2024
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projektet är att granska och att reflektera kring Jesu politiska aktörsskap i relation till nutida samtidsdiskussioner. Som en teoretisk utgångspunkt för att möta den frågan kommer Jesus liv och lära att diskuteras genom att relatera hans politiska verksamhet till begreppen aktivism, revolution, populism, och anarki. Syftet är inte att erbjuda en anakronistisk läsning av Jesus liv och lära, i tron att någondera av dessa politiska praktiker enkelt låter sig tillämpas på den politiska kontext som Jesus fungerade i. Inte heller är det i tron att de erbjuder någon definitiv tolkning av Jesu politiska verksamhet. Syftet är snarare att bruka nutida politiska teoretiska begrepp för att tolka Jesu politiska verksamhet, med förhoppningen att denna association ska underlätta arbetet med att nyttja Jesu liv och lära som en resurs för att föreställa det allmänna goda och tackla nutida utmaningar. Orsaken till varför just aktivism, revolution, populism och anarkism valts som en teoretisk-begreppslig grund, är för att vardera av dessa politiska praktiker försöker få till stånd en förändring av något slag, dock utifrån olika logiska förutsättningar och på olika sätt. Trots att man kan tolka Jesu politiska aktörsskap på olika sätt, är det däremot mer eller mindre uppenbart att han försökte få till stånd en förändring i den rådande samhällsordningen. Utifrån denna insikt har framför allt kristna genom tiderna inspirerats av Jesus för att förverkliga den vision om det goda som hans liv och lära innehåller, samt utvecklat en kritik av de aktörer som motarbetar denna vision.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Nilsson, Rangnar, 1974
(författare)
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God vetenskap. Hur forskares vetenskapsuppfattningar uttryckta i sakkunnigutlåtanden förändras i tre skilda discipliner.
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rangnar Nilsson: Good science: How researchers’ conceptions of science expressed in peer review documents change in three different disciplines (God vetenskap: Hur forskares vetenskapsuppfattningar uttryckta i sakkunnigutlåtanden förändras i tre skilda discipliner). Ph.D. Dissertation in Swedish, with a summary in English. Department of Literature, History of Ideas and Religion, University of Gothenburg, 2009. ISBN: 978-91-7346-638-7. This dissertation examines the variety in perceptions of science and research in the academic communities of political science, literature studies and physics in Sweden 1950-1995 as expressed in expert evaluations of professorship candidates. The study relates commonalities as well as differences in these perceptions to internal conditions of the research field, and to the extramural settings and conditions of Swedish academia. Research is thus considered as a historically situated, socially entangled and contingent societal activity that produces knowledge in close concurrence with the surrounding society. The analysis of quality assessments for each discipline examines which of the following aspects of the works reviewed by expert panels are focused in their evaluation reports: problem, method, theory, object, results, writing, the totality of the work or the researcher him- or herself. Based on the panelists’ treatment of these aspects the thesis highlights the concomitant internal perceptions of science and research in each case. It is found that early on in expert evaluations, political science tends to be depicted as a research field largely focused on the research methods. The methods frequently define areas of research, and credibility is typically attained through proper use of reliable methods. Towards the end of the 1900s, political scientists took a new interest in theory, while the knowledge produced was described in less definitive or absolute words. Expert panels reviewing literature studies were traditionally more inclined to focus on the object of research or its material, whereas the methods used were rarely diagnosed. With time, however, one finds a theoretical turn, in as much as theory gained a new appreciation in this discipline as well, and it is, moreover, clearly considered as an active ingredient in knowledge production in the 1990s. As in political science, the descriptions of results - as depicted in evaluations - change from rather final pronouncements to ones that are more tentative. Such a trend may also be seen in the physicists’ evaluations. In that case evaluation reports largely home in on the results in general, but they also - when actual results are described - make explicit references to linkages with external actors or industry. The respective differences identified are analyzed as products of the history of each discipline, inherent requirements and differential relationships to the society outside of the academia.
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| 25. |
- Svensson, Frans
(författare)
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Non-Eudaimonism, The Sufficiency of Virtue for Happiness, and Two Senses of the Highest Good in Descartes’s Ethics
- 2015
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Ingår i: British Journal for the History of Philosophy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0960-8788 .- 1469-3526. ; 23:2, s. 277-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In his reflections on ethics, Descartes distances himself from the eudaimonistic tradition in moral philosophy by introducing a distinction between happiness and the highest good. While happiness, in Descartes's view, consists in an inner state of complete harmony and satisfaction, the highest good instead consists in virtue, i.e. in 'a firm and constant resolution' (e.g. CSMK: 325/AT 5: 83) to always use our free will well or correctly. In Section 1 of this paper, I pursue the Cartesian distinction between happiness and the highest good in some detail. In Section 2, I discuss the question of how the motivation to virtue should be accounted for within Descartes's ethical framework. In Section 3, I turn to Descartes's defence of the view that virtue, while fundamentally distinct from happiness, is nevertheless sufficient for obtaining it. In the final section of the paper (Section 4), my concern is instead with a second and sometimes neglected distinction that Descartes makes between two different senses of the highest good. I show that this distinction does not remove the non-eudaimonistic character of Descartes's ethics suggested in Section 1, and present two reasons for why the distinction is important for Descartes's purposes.
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